An Extended Frame for Applications of the Helmholtz-Thevenin-Norton Theorem

An Extended Frame for Applications of the Helmholtz-Thevenin-Norton Theorem

The Helmholtz-Thevenin-Norton theorem is widely used in circuit calculations. A recent focusing on a specific 1-port topology that is usually ignored, but can well complete the frame of application of the classical theorem, led us to extension of this frame. The circuit argument on which the extension is based is very clear, and, in our opinion, the extended scheme (Figure 3) is important for basic circuit theory.