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.bjbj��	.:�{�{�%|�����������&NZ����nnnn�nf���������������$t�&b������������������L�����������������m]��������34�y�0�,�g(��<d������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �:	@Manuscript Number: JMA 19-16
PDF Number: 120
Volume: Issue: 3: 1
Article Type: Commentary
Received Date: Jan 16th 2019
Accepted Date: Feb 2nd 2019
Published Date: Feb 9th 2019
(Dis) ability and Ableism
Brobisky D*
Bachelor of Social Work Student at Rhode Island College, West Warwick, Rhode Island USA
*Corresponding author: Dylan Brobisky Bachelor of Social Work Student at Rhode Island College, West Warwick, Rhode Island USA, Tel: +1 401-456-8000 E-Mail:  HYPERLINK "mailto:dbrobisky@gmail.com" dbrobisky@gmail.com

Commentary:
Contrary to what many people believe, individuals with disabilities actually have the ability to do a variety of everyday activities. Still, most of them have to deal with ableism, which is a form of discrimination due to their physical or cognitive/emotional disabilities. It is especially challenging for people in the LGBTQ community. Disabilities also place a burden on parents of disabled children, who often have questions about the moral thing to do. Even though we may not realize it, there are many things we see every day that are not helpful for some of the difficulties that these people face. Both the nature of life and lack of acknowledgment about disabilities in society assist in making disabilities more common. I know personally that having a disability is not pleasant, and I wish that all types of prejudice and discrimination could be resolved.

When I was younger, I was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, and it has made certain important things in my life more difficult than it should be. Asperger's syndrome is a mental disorder in which individuals have trouble communicating and have poor eye contact. It also includes losing focus easily and shying away from social opportunities. Basically, it is a milder form of autism spectrum disorder. Because of this, it is not easy for me to make friends unless I am approached first, and it is easier for me to have conversations with people through text rather than face to face. Early in my life, I was so shy that I did not say a word in school until I was in second grade. I do not remember exactly how my teachers and counselors got me to start talking, but I remember them arranging for me to read a Curious George book to a fifth grade class and that was a big step forward for me. My teachers and some of the other children loved me even though I did not talk. To this day, I actually feel satisfied with being alone because I feel free to do whatever I want. However, I still wish that I could be more comfortable so that I can have better interactions with friends.

Many people with disabilities have trouble adjusting to the increase in pace of life as we grow older. Work, school, social activities, eating, and relaxing are all necessary for people to live their lives to its greatest potential, but it seems that we do not have time to do everything that must be done in a 24-hour day. According to Susan Wendell, "increases in the pace of life are important social causes of damage to people's bodies through rates of accident, drug and alcohol abuse, and illnesses that result from people's neglecting their needs for rest and good nutrition" [1]. The increase in pace of life likely has a greater effect on people who have disabilities than those who don't because those with disabilities already have other difficulties that they have to deal with from society. As Wendell stated, many people do not have adequate time to practice good sleeping and/or eating habits due to all the struggles/stress in daily life. This is difficult for everyone, especially people with disabilities, because when they are deprived of sleep or are hungry, they cannot meet performance expectations, thus further increasing the stereotypes and prejudice of those with disabilities. My inability to stay focused is an example of how a fast pace of life affects people with disabilities. While doing homework, I tend to lose focus and stop doing it, which makes me rush and get just five hours of sleep sometimes when I realize that I do not have much more time to get it done.

Society tends to not think about the needs of people with disabilities, so services and other helpful tools are not usually created to assist them in meeting their full potential. Wendell says that "Societies that are physically constructed and socially organized with the unacknowledged assumption that everyone is healthy, non-disabled, young but adult, shaped according to cultural ideas, and, often, male, create a great deal of disability" [1] by not recognizing things that people need in order to do everyday activities. For example, there are some buildings that do not have handicap accessibility for people in wheelchairs. "Individuals with disabilities have reported not being able to receive health care because their providers' facilities weren't accessible"[2]. Therefore, not only is it an inconvenience, but it sometimes does not allow for people to have necessary resources. I live on the top floor of a dorm that does not have an elevator. If I got hurt somehow, it would be a struggle to get up the stairs with crutches while wearing a heavy backpack on my shoulders.

Another example that Wendell gives, and which is also relevant to me, is that some signs are too small to read for people with vision problems. Wendell says that signs that are too small to be read easily, such as those giving directions on locations of rooms in a building, force people to use more energy that is necessary to search for rooms and offices. I have trouble reading from a distance and if I did not have my glasses on, it would be difficult for me to read room numbers on the doors when searching for a class at the beginning of the semester. These issues may not be intentional, but rather unconsciously done because "there is no socially acceptable way of expressing (the experience of disability and illness) and having the physical and psychological experience acknowledged" [1]. Therefore, non-disabled people put disabilities and illnesses at the back of their mind because as we all know, we usually think about ourselves first. This also affects people with disabilities who identify as LGBTQ. According to Kattari, "Given a significant dearth of sex education for those with disabilities overall, and even less culturally responsive sex education, there is less normalization of sexuality as a natural or acceptable interaction for people with disabilities" [3]. These people must deal with both being a sexual minority and having a disability. They are seen as asexual and therefore, it is difficult for them to communicate about their sexuality and disability with potential partners. They must find various methods to discuss their needs and interests, such as having a polyamorous relationship with someone who will listen.

Parents of children born with disabilities are also greatly affected by lack of services. "The psychiatric world addressed such births with the vocabulary of death. Parents who reported positive emotions were seen as overcompensating to disguise rage and guilt and overpowering wishes to harm their child" [4]. Unfortunately, these children are often described as "vegetative" and are not given a chance by society. There have been many debates about whether disabled children can be killed to spare pain for both the child and the family. However, as time goes on, parents normally find that their children have a great deal of personhood and they are willing to make brave sacrifices.

Non-disabled people may believe that people with disabilities are not capable of fighting through their disability and say negative things about them. In reality, it is not their fault that they have a disability. Wendell states that "Disability is socially constructed by the failure to give people the amount and kind of help they need to participate fully in all major aspects of life in the society, including making a significant contribution in the form of work" [1,5]. People with disabilities actually have the ability to do most things that they would like to do; it is just that society does not allow them to have the sufficient resources due to the numerous stereotypes. Since society is extremely biased against people with disabilities, it is not easy to find resources that are accepting. However, this has not stopped me from having goals for myself. I know personally that receiving help can create ability in people with disabilities. With help from counseling, I have become less shy and have tried several new things during my time in college such as joining the Resident Student Association, getting a job as an usher at the theater, hanging out with friends, going on a Spring Break service trip to New Orleans, joining the cross country and track teams, and attending a leadership conference. Several of these things involve sharing my own ideas and interacting with strangers. In second grade, I would not have believed that I would be so much better today.
I hope that someday, all the stereotypes, prejudice, and ableism of people with disabilities will be reduced and that society will allow them to live more enjoyable and sociable lives. Non-disabled people should be educated about the strengths of people with disabilities and the negative effects that prejudice and discrimination have on each individual. There are a few different kinds of disabilities but no matter what someone is dealing with, they have the ability to change. With the right kind of support, people with disabilities are enabled to do whatever they want and their lives will be improved drastically.
Kindly ask the author for correction regarding minor and major revision and also for the rebuttal for the reject comment.


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