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<title>Table 1</title>
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<body>
<table>
  <tr>
    <td width="929"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" ><strong>Study</strong>
          <strong>(Author/Year/Reference    Number)</strong></td>
        <td width="9%" ><strong>Country</strong></td>
        <td width="36%" ><strong>Aim</strong></td>
        <td width="15%" ><strong>Methods</strong></td>
        <td width="23%" ><strong>Results    suggest...</strong></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Gatti, et al. [10]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Italy</td>
        <td width="36%" >To investigate    the safety and acceptance of gluten-free oat-based products from selected oat    varieties in the diet of Italian CD children in treatment with the GFD.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Silano, et al. [24]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Italy</td>
        <td width="36%" >To examine the    capability of different oat cultivars of activating the gliadin-induced    transglutaminase-2-dependent events in some in vitro models of CD and to    compare this capability with the electrophoresis pattern of peptic–tryptic    digests of the proteins of the oat cultivars.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Differences in    immunotoxicity among oat varieties</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Kaukinen, et al.    [11]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Finland</td>
        <td width="36%" >To assess the    effects of long-term oat consumption on small-bowel mucosal villous    morphology and inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms in a series of    celiac adults maintaining a strict gluten-free diet with or without oats.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Cooper, et al. [12]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Ireland</td>
        <td width="36%" >In view of the    continuing debate about oats toxicity, a group of treated celiac patients taking    50 g of oats daily for 1 year were investigated in this study.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Real, et al. [25]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Spain</td>
        <td width="36%" >To obtain    further gene sequences from different toxic and non-toxic varieties of oats    in order to provide more information on the structure of avenin genes and on    the evolutionary relationships with the prolamins and glutenins of wheat and    other cereals.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Differences in    immunotoxicity among oat varieties</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Ballabio, et al.    [7]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Italy</td>
        <td width="36%" >To evaluate the    suitability of 36 different oat cultivars for CD patients using biochemical    and immunochemical approaches.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Differences in    immunotoxicity among oat varieties</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Comino, et al. [8]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Spain</td>
        <td width="36%" >To test whether    the reactivity of antibody against oat immunotoxic peptides could be related    to the potential toxicity of oats for patients with CD. </td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Differences in    immunotoxicity among oat varieties</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Mujico, et al. [26]</td>
        <td width="9%" >The Netherlands</td>
        <td width="36%" >To assess the    immunotoxic potential of 26 oat varieties in CD.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Differences in    immunotoxicity among oat varieties</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Maglio, et al. [27]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Italy</td>
        <td width="36%" >To investigate    biological and immunological properties of two oat varieties in relation to    their safety for CD patients.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Koskinen, et al.    [13]
          &nbsp;</td>
        <td width="9%" >Finland</td>
        <td width="36%" >To investigate    the toxicity of oats in children with CD during a 2-year follow-up.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Guttormsen, et    al. [4]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Norway</td>
        <td width="36%" >To investigate    whether levels of IgA against oats were increased in treated adult CD    patients.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Kemppainen, et    al. [14]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Finland</td>
        <td width="36%" >To investigate    the suitability of large amounts of unkilned oats, comparing its use with    kilned oats in adult celiac patients.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Kemppainen, et    al, [15]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Finland</td>
        <td width="36%" >To clarify oats    applicability by analyzing local cellular immunological responses after 5    years&rsquo; consumption by adult celiac patients.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Silano, et al. [28]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Italy</td>
        <td width="36%" >To evaluate    whether avenins from different varieties of oats show different abilities in    the activation of coeliac peripheral lymphocytes.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Toxicity of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Silano, et al. [29]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Italy</td>
        <td width="36%" >To evaluate if    different varieties of oats exert different toxicity in CD.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Differences in    immunotoxicity among oat varieties</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Hollén, et al. [16]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Sweden</td>
        <td width="36%" >To evaluate the    effect of oats in a gluten-free diet on the concentrations of nitric oxide    metabolites in morning urine from children under investigation for CD.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Hollén, et al. [17]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Sweden</td>
        <td width="36%" >To performe    serial assessments of&nbsp;anti-avenin&nbsp;antibodies&nbsp;in children under    investigation for CD on a gluten-free diet with or without oats.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Holm, et al. [18]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Finland</td>
        <td width="36%" >To study the    long-term safety of oats in the treatment of children with CD.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Srinivasan, et    al. [19]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Ireland</td>
        <td width="36%" >To determine    whether subtle evidence of disease activation developed following oats    ingestion and hence provide information on the possibility of oats toxicity.  </td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Arentz-Hansen,    et al. [30]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Norway</td>
        <td width="36%" >To investigate    whether oat intolerance exists in CD and to characterize the cells and    processes underlying this intolerance.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Oats are toxic    for some individuals: oat intolerance</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Hogberg, et al. [20]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Sweden</td>
        <td width="36%" >To determine if    children with CD tolerate oats in their gluten-free diet. </td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Peräaho, et al.    [21]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Finland</td>
        <td width="36%" >To compare an    oats-containing gluten-free diet to the traditional one, focusing especially    on general well-being and gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients in    clinical and histological remission.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Lundin, et al. [22]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Norway</td>
        <td width="36%" >To seek further    data from the clinical setting with regards to oats consumption by celiac    patients.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Oats are toxic    for some individuals: oat intolerance</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Hollén, et al. [2]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Sweden </td>
        <td width="36%" >To address the    humoral immune reaction to oats in children with CD.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Toxicity of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Størsrud, et al.    [23]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Sweden</td>
        <td width="36%" >To investigate    whether adult patients with CD in remission could include large amounts of    oats in their daily gluten-free diet for an extended period of time without    adverse effects.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vivo study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td width="17%" >Kilmartin, et    al. [31]</td>
        <td width="9%" >Ireland</td>
        <td width="36%" >To investigate    the immunogenicity of oats avenin in comparison with wheat gliadin when added    to duodenal biopsies in four hour organ culture experiments.</td>
        <td width="15%" >In vitro study</td>
        <td width="23%" >Safety of oats</td>
      </tr>
    </table></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><strong>Table 1: </strong>Selected studies, origin country, aims, methods and results regarding the safety of oats consumption by celiac disease patients.</td>
  </tr>
</table> 
					
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