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:	Optimization of Community Empowerment in Development of Agriculture Based on Local Potential in Indonesia
By
Zulkifli  
(Lecturer at The High School of Agricultural Sciences YAPIM Maros, South Sulawesi)

Abstract
This type of research is a qualitative phenomenological approach through, the results showed that the agricultural sector has an important and strategic role in national development. These roles include: increasing the acceptance of foreign countries, the provision of employment, obtaining the value added and competitiveness, the fulfillment of the needs of domestic consumption, industrial raw material within the country as well as the optimization of the management of natural resources in a sustainable way. This is shown by the magnitude of the contribution of the agricultural sector against gross domestic product (GDP), especially during the economic crisis in Indonesia, the only sector that is becoming the rescuer Indonesia's economy in the year 1997-1998 is just the agribusiness sector, where agribusiness has a positive growth. The efforts of the handling of agricultural development will be realized in infrastructure and human resource support are met, it would be able to walk when supported by public policies that focus on agriculture
Keywords: Empowerment, potential local, community, Optimization, development


Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Community empowerment approach in development means that man is placed in the position of perpetrators and beneficiaries of the process, looking for solutions and results of development with so then people should be able to improve the quality of independence to addressing issues facing community empowerment efforts should be able to assume the role of improving the quality of human resources (HR) especially in shaping and changing the behavior of the community in order to achieve a higher quality of living adequate , formation and the behavior changes, both in dimensions i. e in all sectoral aspects/sectors of human life; viable dimensions include the reach of prosperity from materially to non material; time dimension and quality i.e. short term to long term and increase in capabilities and qualities to his Ministry, as well as target dimensions i.e. can reach from all strata of society. Community empowerment is none other than provide motivation and encouragement to the community in order to be able to unearth potential acts and daring himself to improve the quality of life, through among others with awareness and education to the capability themselves.
The welfare of the people of Indonesia at the moment it is still not entirely the same. Equitable development in some regions still have not been able to be implemented. It's not just the problem that cannot be resolved by the Indonesian Government. In the world of education and health, Indonesia also has not been able to give good service and adequate. However, the Government continues to strive to realize a prosperous and affluent society. To realize such a thing, the need for improvement in terms of the economy and development in Indonesia. Famous Indonesia is rich in natural resources are very abundant. But unfortunately, the existing natural resources has not been fully able to well managed and up. As an example of the agricultural sector in Indonesia.
The potential of the agrarian sector in Indonesia is also capable of creating employment that is quite extensive so it was able to reduce the number of unemployment in Indonesia. Jobs at the farms themselves are not remembered as a farmer but now has many agricultural industries that have sprung mattresses up like industrial fertilizers, pesticides, seed crops, livestock and so on. One way to maximize the development and business opportunities in agricultural cultivation is by investing capital, and therefore the Government through coordination board BKPM or capital investment of the Republic of Indonesia was working to implement the coordination and service in the field of capital investment in all fields including one of which is on a farm or business sector aimed at improving agricultural development so that it can eventually materialize goals increased productivity of agricultural results as well as the attainment of quality human resources. The result of the agriculture business can be the State revenue. The result contributes to a number large enough to export in indonesia. Expected with an increase in the agricultural field from all causes to the Indonesian people would be able to prosper and prosper equally. Need for improvements � the improvements should be implemented to improve the economy of this area. When compared to previous years, the investment in agriculture experienced a rise in numbers. BKPM or capital investment Coordination Board reported the existence of the application for cultivation permits investments in agrarian business of comma fifty-six seventy-four trillion rupiah in the period October to June with ' 15. This number is an increase than in previous years. The investment amount in the year 2014 at the same period reached only twenty-four commas seventeen trillion rupiah.
Once again the agriculture industry is one sector that dominated the economy in Indonesia. Indonesia region which makes it a very convenient as a country rich in natural results. The results of this nature most of the agricultural people of Indonesia. However, in reality, to look at this sector in Indonesia is currently quite not enough balanced with the exuberance of the ground state of this earth. Indonesia is often referred to as an agricultural country in the world where most of the population in Indonesia edged this livelihood as a farmer. However, as an agricultural country, Indonesia was not quite able to compete with other countries. Especially when talking about agriculture.
Formulation of the Problem
1. How to optimize the potential of the local-based agricultural development in Indonesia
Chapter II. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
A. Empowerment of farmers
The concept of community empowerment fundamentally means putting the society with all its institutions as the basis for economic development, the political, social, and cultural institution rekindle the various economic communities to come together and reinforced so that it can serve as a locomotive for economic progress is a must to do the people's economy will awaken when the synergistic relationship of the various social and economic institution that exists in the society developed towards the formation of a network of the people's economy.
Empowerment of farmers, according to the head of the body of the SDMP is done with 5 (five) includes: (1) agribusiness should be market-oriented Activity (quantity, quality, and continuity); (2) Efforts should benefit agribusiness and comparable with other businesses; (3) long-term belief is Agribusiness; (4) independence and competitiveness of businesses; (5) the commitment to the contract effort.
Institutional empowerment of farmers include: (1) traditional sub an in-flight Farmer has been transformed into a modern agribusiness insightful farmers facilitated to form farmer participatory process through institutional and "bottom-up"; (2) to form a sturdy farmers, institutional needs to be drawn up an instrument empowering farmers group. (3) an instrument of empowerment of the farmers group that need to be considered include: (a) the existence of interest/interests among farmers in the Group; (b) the existence of the soul of leadership from one of the farmers in the Group; (c) the existence of the managerial capability of farmers within the Group; (d) the existence of a commitment from farmers to form institutional farmers; (e) the existence of mutual trust among farmers in the group.
Empowerment of farming activities include: (1) the facilitation of farmer groups that are not feasible and bankable not through direct Community aid to develop agribusiness ventures; (2) encourage the farmer group is not feasible and bankable not be feasible effort but not bankable; (3) facilitation of the farmer groups feasible but not bankable Credit with food security and energy (CTF-E) and the people's business credit to develop agribusiness ventures; (4) encourage the farmer groups feasible but not bankable became feasible and bankable effort; (5) to support a group of farmer that feasible and bankable, Governments need to create a conducive business climate so that domestic investment and foreign investment goes into agribusiness sector.
The concept of empowerment of the community as a fundamental means of putting the community along with their home institution as the basis for the development ofeconomic, political, social, and cultural institution rekindle the various economic communities to come together and reinforced so that it can serve as a locomotive for economic progress is a must to do the people's economy will awaken when the synergistic relationship of the various social and economic institution that exists in the society developed towards the formation of a network of the people's economy.
A. Public Policy
Public policy is the collective action that is realized through a legitimate Government authority to encourage, inhibit, prohibit or regulate the actions of private (individuals or private institutions). Public policy has two principal characteristics. The first, made or processed by government institutions or based on the procedure established by the Government (Hogwood and Gunn, 1988 in Simatupang, 2011). Second, the nature of the force or effect on private actions the public (public). For example, the fuel price policy is a public policy because it is made by the Government are forcing and can have an effect on the economic life of the inhabitants, the consumer as well as entrepreneur. Public policy is what is selected by the Government to be done or not done. Carl Friedrich in Mariana (2010) sets forth that the policy is potentially experiencing unplanned actions or activities proposed by a person, group, or Government in an environment where there is a certain obstacles (difficulties) and the possibilities (opportunities) where the policy is proposed in order to be useful in addressing it to achieve the objectives in question.
Next Friedrich added that policies related to the settlement of some intention or purpose. Though the intent or purpose of the Government's activities is not always easy to see, but the idea that the behavior involves policy has the meaning, is an important part of the definition of the policy. However, the policy should indicate what worked from what is proposed in some of the activities on an issue.
Formulate a policy process is not a process that is simple and easy. This is because there are many factors or forces that influence on the policy making process. Every decision makers looked at every different political problems with other decision making. Not necessarily an issue considered by the community need to be solved by policy makers can become a political issue that can be entered in the agenda of the Government which is then processed in a policy.
Luankali (Mariana, 2010) called the public policy making process include: 1) policy making as a political process. The theory of public policy makes it clear that the public does not understand the wisdom of making narrowly during the conversion process, but rather the course is a series of activities that includes a series of events; 2) u.s. policy making stage or series of activities. The public policy making process as a series of activities includes several stages such as: a) Drafting agenda (formulation of the problem); b) Policy Formulation (forecast); c) Does policy (recommendations); d) Implementation policy � the process output (monitoring); e) Assessment policy � outcomes of the process (of evaluation).
While the essential features of the policy issues are: 1) interdependence, means that a policy issue has linkages with policy issues in other fields. So the policy issues are causality; 2) Subjectivity, meaning that policy issues arise in a particular environment which consists of situations problems; 3) artificial Nature of the problem, that is to say the policy issue is the product of subjective human judgement, from the definition of a legitimate social objective of the condition, and therefore must be changed socially through a policy (the policy); 4) Dynamics, i.e. the problem of ever-changing policies, in line with the changing situation and conditions.
Public policy is a relatively new science because historically emerging in the middle of the Decade 1960 's as a discipline that stands out in the sphere of public administration as well as political science. In the meantime, analysis of public policy could arguably have long existed and can be traced the existence of human civilization. Since then, public policy is inseparable from the human life in the form of individual or micro-level context of macro level in the life of society and State (Wahab Bakry, in 2008, 2010)
Public policy is the decisions or choices of action that directly regulate the management and distribution of natural resources, financial and human for the sake of public interest, namely the people's lot, population, society or citizens. Review of the process, public policy is defined as a result of the existence of synergies, compromise or even competition among the various ideas, theories, ideology, and representing the interests of the political system of a country.
Are public policy sense variations so vast and inevitable, because term policies attempt to explain in brief the various actions ranging from observing the issue or problem, formulate the formulation and monitoring and evaluation. This article refers to the notion that any legislation and regulations is the policy, but not every policy is manifested in the form of legislation or regulation. In the context of the notion of public policy such as these, identified dimensions that are interlocked between public policy as the legal action is a legal choice, public policy hypotheses and public policy as a destination (Bridgeman and Davis, 2004 Bakry in 2010).
Challenges In The Era Of Globalization
According to Saragih (1998), the deepest meaning of the globalization era in the structure of the economy is free trade. In free trade means there is competition. In the globalization that will compete is the secondary items, namely product agro-industries in Indonesia for industrial raw materials available, but that became an obstacle is the use of modern technology and the control of agribusiness that reinforces, or emphasis of problems encountered in the era of globalization is on improving HUMAN RESOURCES (including for small farmers and fishermen).
New basing things on top, then the ENE of the development of agriculture and fisheries to the fore is the agribusiness, i.e. develop agriculture and agro-industries or industries processing agricultural/fishery and services menunjangnya. Included in the fisheries, for example in Indonesia from side deals, we have 5.8 million acres of sea waters km2 and a coastline along the 90 thousand km, is the base of economic activity is fishing. This certainly does not include the potential for fresh water fishing, good public waters (rivers and Lakes), aquaculture, fish farming ponds grouper/jarring buoyancy, aquaculture fish and fish farming of rice field which is also still open. Special about the ENE of the development of the fishery with the agribusiness approach is to build and develop upstream fishery industry subsystem (seeding, industrial equipment to catch fish, fish feed industry), subsystem cultivation of post harvest/catch, the subsystem processing of fisheries and trade, and support services subsystem (R and D) in an integrated system.
Still according to Saragih (1998) the development of agribusiness in the logical development of Indonesia's demands and is should the US proceed form of sustainability, diversity and deepening agricultural development over the years. Agribusiness development will remain relevant even if any progress has been reached u.s. high as a country.
Agribusiness event will be the mainstay for a country that is still It was hard letting go of dependence on the national development of the agricultural sector and rural areas such as Indonesia. Some other reasons to strengthen the option on agribusiness, are: (1) the availability of raw materials which are available, (2) will expand the capacity of the workforce in the agricultural sector and rural areas, and (3) development of agro business on a small scale more easily directed to more environmentally friendly (rather than big industries), so it can suppress the environmental damage.
By observing the ENE of the challenges agriculture and fisheries that is supposed to be developed in the NNW of agribusiness, it needs to be emphasized that the strategic goals of empowerment of the community is not just a mere income increase, but rather as well as his efforts to build economic bases which is based on community needs and local resources. Within the framework of the community empowerment efforts, the success of not only can be seen from the increasing income of the community but also important aspects of fundamental and more.
Some important aspects that need to get attention in community empowerment of farmers and fishermen, among others: Organizational development/community groups that are developed and functioning in the productive activities of the mendinamis community, such as the proper functioning of HKTI, HNSI, and other local organizations. Development of strategic networks between groups/community organizations that are well-formed and was instrumental in the development of the Community farmer Association of farmers and fishermen, both in the national scale, the region, as well as local.
The ability of small farmers and fishermen groups in accessing external sources that can support their development, both in the field of capital market information, as well as technology and management, including the ability of economic lobbies. This is where the economic necessity of network developed then. the network economy is an economy that brought together the actors of economy, either from the producers, consumers, service providers, equipment providers, cargo, and so on in a network that connected electronically as well as through various forums active and dynamic effort. The economics of this network should be supported by a network of telecommunications, networking and financing, business networks and trade, business advocacy network, a network of mutual learning, as well as other networks such as the results of research and technology/innovation, market coverage, policy information and other support that is accessible to all and not monopolized by certain groups (Sasono , 2000).
Development of technical skills and production management, groups of society, so that a variety of technical and organizational problems can be solved by either. Here, in addition to the target community (farmers and fishermen), as well as the attendant extension officers/escort community empowerment should improve the competence of the officers themselves us capable of empowering, because many of them thus missed his ability with his target group.
Indonesia was born as an agricultural country and has some advantages, one of which is the layout area that is located exactly on the Equator and has a tropical climate with two seasons, so many different types of plants can be easily cultivated in Indonesia, besides various types of any cattle will be very easy to dikembangbiakkan simply because the availability of forage. In addition to the geographical society of Indonesia, since it used to be mostly u.s. farmer chose his main livelihood.
Although natural resources are very supportive and the livelihood of the people is farming, but Indonesia is currently still hasn't been able to memakmurkan and prosper inhabitants. The nation of Indonesia hasn't been able to realize food sovereignty for all of its people, but when viewed in terms of supporters, Indonesia already able to be a country that is able to produce, distribute and consume food independently, but this has yet to be realized within the nation of Indonesia itself.
Chapter III. RESEARCH METHODS
This study used a phenomenological approach and belongs on this type of research descriptive qualitative data sources in this study include: the source of primary Data and Secondary Data sources. This research instrument is the researcher's own data collection Techniques used are: in-depth Interview, Interview Techniques (indepth interview), Observations, data analysis, Engineering documentation. used to follow a given concept, Miles and Huberman is: data collection (data collection) done after the withdrawal of the inference problems and research purposes, so that the retrieved proposition-proposition, a statement or resume as research findings that can apply in General. The reduction of the data (data reduction), for the sake of simplifying the data in order to further refine the data required. Presenting the data (data display) are organized and systematic, forming a single whole and integrated components. The withdrawal of the conclusion (drawing) i.e., verifying the data obtained to search for meaning, noting the regularity of the pattern, the possible causal relationship can serve as a very loose conclusion remains open, and draw conclusions for the final.

Chapter IV. DISCUSSION
Agriculture is a sector that has a significant role for Indonesia's economy. The agricultural sector absorbing 35.9% of the total work force in Indonesia and accounted for 14.7% of the GNP for Indonesia (BPS, 2012). These facts strengthen the farming sector as mega a very vital to the economy of Indonesia.
The agricultural sector in Indonesia is the backbone of national development and economy, it can be seen in the creation of GDP, foreign exchange acceptance, absorption of labor, food provision, and the provision of industrial raw materials. Agriculture also plays a role in leveling the development through the efforts of poverty reduction and improvement of people's income. In addition, the agricultural sector has also become one of the nation's cultural formation and stabilization of the ecosystem.
With ample land pre-arranged neatly by thousands of Islands seems to establish that our country is an agricultural country. Indeed cannot be denied, but it had become a source of livelihood of approximately 60% of the people who later became one of the sectors which rill has very real foreign exchange income in helping the country.
Indonesia has a lot of potential human resources, i.e. the number of Bachelor's degree graduates of agriculture certainly can have a real contribution to make to the development and growth of the agricultural potential, so they are a real asset of the US when more noted in the form of academic potential through research spurred scientific research related to agriculture will be very useful in furthering the potential of agriculture in Indonesia , in addition to natural resources, including the germplasm with rich, (mega biodiversity). Indonesia is the largest terrestrial biodiversity the number two in the world after Brazil, whereas when including the biodiversity of the sea then was the largest Indonesia's number one in the world. This can be seen with various kinds of agricultural commodities of food crops, horticulture, forestry and animal husbandry that has already long been cultivated as a source of food and income for society. Rich biological diversity and which is supported by the distribution of geographical conditions in the form of low and high plains, plenty of sunshine and rain shower intensity almost evenly throughout the year in most regions, as well as a rich diversity of soil types allow various kinds of cultivating plants and native cattle in the tropics, as well as the introduction of the commodities from the region of sub tropical evenly throughout the year in Indonesia.
Indonesia has the potential availability of land is large enough and has not been utilized optimally. Data from academic studies carried out by the Directorate General of land and Water Management, Ministry of agriculture in 2006 showed that the total land area of Indonesia is 192 million ha, divided into 123 million ha (64.6 per cent) is an area of cultivation and the remaining 67 million ha (35.4 percent) is a protected area. The total area of cultivation, which can potentially agricultural area covering an area of 101 million ha, covering acres of wetlands 25.6 million ha of dry land, annuals 25.3 million ha of dry land and perennial 50.9 million ha. To date, of the potential acreage for the farm, which has been cultivated into agricultural area of 47 million ha, so that the remaining 54 million ha of potential for the expansion of agricultural areas. The number of extents and the spread of forests, rivers, swamps and lakes as well as the rainfall is quite high and evenly distributed throughout the year is indeed a natural potential to meet the water needs of agriculture when managed properly. Reservoirs, dams, dam and groundwater as well as surface water more deeply potential to support the development of agriculture.


1. The existence of weaknesses in the system of technology transfer
The main characteristic of modern agriculture is the productivity, efficiency, quality and continuity of supply of continued support should always be improved and maintained. Agricultural products we either commodity food crops (Horticulture), fisheries, forestry and livestock must face the world markets which had been packed with high quality and have a certain standard. Of course these high quality products are produced through a process that uses standard technology charge.
2. Still long chain of agricultural Commerce, thus causing the farmers unable to enjoy better prices, because traders have been taking profit too big from the sale proceeds.
3. Limited access service business mainly in the capital
The ability of farmers to finance his farming business was very limited so that productivity is still below the potential productivity. Given the limitations of farmers in the capital and low accessibility to the formal capital sources, then do develop and maintain some absorption of low cost production inputs (low cost production) that has been running the present farmers. In addition, post-harvest handling and software as well as granting credit direct assistance to farmers as the farmers business financing expanded coverage.
4. The decline in the quality and quantity of agricultural land resources
Various research results indicate that the most intensive agricultural land in Indonesia, especially in Java, and the decline has been experiencing land degradation is mainly due to the low content of organic C in the soil that is smaller than 2 percent. Whereas, in order to obtain the optimal required productivity of organic C content of more than 2.5 percent or content of soil organic matter > 4.3 percent.
5. The limited availability of ancillary infrastructure aspects of farming are also important but minimal is the construction and development of the reservoirs.
Because, of the total area of paddy fields in Indonesia totalling 7,230,183 ha, the source of the water is 11 per cent (797,971 ha) comes from reservoirs, while 89 percent (6,432,212 ha) are derived from non-reservoir. Therefore, revitalizing the real reservoirs should be a priority for not only to cope with drought, but also to increase the national irrigation service. The national disaster mitigation Agency (BNPB) States, 42 reservoirs currently in alert condition due to dwindling water supply during drought. Ten reservoirs have dried up, while 19 reservoirs are still be normal. In addition still low awareness of stakeholders in these regions to maintain farmland production, being one of the causes of the agricultural infrastructure for the worse.

The increase in agricultural development
To build a reliable farm then the potential of human resources can improve through follow-up Guidance for graduates of agriculture are integrated through an established entrepreneur in the field of agriculture (business incubator) in the form of training and pemagangan (retoling) the life skill-oriented, entrepreneurial skill and independence strives, educational programs and training for young people through the internship activities to countries where the farm sector has been progressing , quality improvement organization of secondary education and higher education courses, the development of agriculture agriculture that is capable of attracting the younger generation, as well as other programs which aim to unearth potential, interests and talents of the younger generation in agriculture as well as giving birth to the young generation who have a scientific attitude, professional, creative, and high social concern for the sake of Indonesia's agricultural progress, such as agricultural, Olympic movement love farm in children, agriyouth camp, and others.
Other things that can be done: 1) optimization of the overall organic farming programs in Indonesia and demanded land use sleep to a productive farming and eco-friendly, 2) Regulation of land conversion with the establishment of the area of the eternal existence of land protected by the Act. 3) the Equalization charge is information related to the world of agriculture as well as the preparation of the concept of a special broadcast to the world agricultural publications throughout the mass media that there are 4) reinforcement of the institutional system of the peasantry and education to farmers business incentive programs, such as farmers, agricultural banking program, market development and marketing network in favour to farmers, as well as the development of industrialization of agricultural/rural-based, and makes it easy to access-access to SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY information resources., 5) agricultural infrastructure Improvement and the improvement of environmentally appropriate technology in the context of local wisdom as well as the maximum utilization of research results to local scientists.
By looking at the problems in agriculture programs in order to anticipate early so that the nation is spared from food insecurity. This program can be referred to the U.S. program of improvement of food security. The program aims to facilitate the improvement and sustainability of food security to the level of a household the U.S. part of the national resilience. Principal activities performed under this program include:
a. the safeguarding of food availability of domestic production, among other things through the safeguarding of paddy fields in the area of irrigation, improvement of the quality of intersifikasi as well as optimizing and expansion of the agricultural area.
b. Increased food distribution, food institutional capacity through improved and increased rural infrastructure that supports food distribution system to ensure affordability of society to food.
c. improvement of post harvest and processing of results through optimization of utilization of tools and agricultural machinery for post-harvest and processing of results as well as the development and utilization of agricultural technology to lower the loss of crops.
d. Diservikasi food, through increased availability of animal food, fruits and vegetables with social consumption patterns of the community towards food patterns with increasing quality and increased interest and convenience food consumption altematif/local food.
Chapter V. Conclusion
The efforts of the handling of agricultural development will be realized in infrastructure and human resource support are met, it would be able to walk when supported by public policies that focus on agriculture, in addition to the involvement of stakeholders, the private sector and the world of education will be able to give change and refinement so that agricultural quality of Indonesia have competitiveness and is able to align with the quality of farming in the country's developed countries In addition, the world In the conditions of Indonesia who have agricultural land which has a fertility rate that allows a number of agricultural crops able to grow lush, so very potentially when processed by the hands of skilled hands and supported the financing will prop up and give the create macros in the folk/holistic well-being.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Korten, David C. 1984. Pembangunan yang Memihak Rakyat.Jakarta : Lembaga Studi Pembangunan.
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Pambudy, Rachmat 1998. Sistem Penyuluhan Agribisnis Peternakan. Draft Disertasi S3 Pasca Sarjana, Bogor : IPB (tidak diterbitkan).
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