����JFIFXX�����    $.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342  2!!22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222����"��4�� ���,�PG"Z_�4�˷����kjز�Z�,F+��_z�,�© �����zh6�٨�ic�fu���#ډb���_�N�?��wQ���5-�~�I���8����TK<5o�Iv-�����k�_U_�����~b�M��d����Ӝ�U�Hh��?]��E�w��Q���k�{��_}qFW7HTՑ��Y��F�?_�'ϔ��_�Ջt��=||I ��6�έ"�����D���/[�k�9���Y�8ds|\���Ҿp6�Ҵ���]��.����6�z<�v��@]�i%��$j��~�g��J>��no����pM[me�i$[����s�o�ᘨ�˸ nɜG-�ĨU�ycP�3.DB�li�;��hj���x7Z^�N�h������N3u{�:j�x�힞��#M&��jL P@_���� P��&��o8������9�����@Sz6�t7#O�ߋ �s}Yf�T���lmr����Z)'N��k�۞p����w\�Tȯ?�8`�O��i{wﭹW�[�r�� ��Q4F�׊���3m&L�=��h3����z~��#�\�l :�F,j@�� ʱ�wQT����8�"kJO���6�֚l����}���R�>ډK���]��y����&����p�}b��;N�1�m�r$�|��7�>e�@B�TM*-iH��g�D�)� E�m�|�ؘbҗ�a��Ҿ����t4���o���G��*oCN�rP���Q��@z,|?W[0�����:�n,jWiE��W��$~/�hp\��?��{(�0���+�Y8rΟ�+����>S-S����VN;�}�s?.����� w�9��˟<���Mq4�Wv'��{)0�1mB��V����W[�����8�/<� �%���wT^�5���b��)iM� pg�N�&ݝ��VO~�q���u���9� ����!��J27����$O-���! �:�%H��� ـ����y�ΠM=t{!S�� oK8������t<����è:a������[�����ա�H���~��w��Qz`�po�^ ����Q��n� �,uu�C�$ ^���,������8�#��:�6��e�|~���!�3�3.�\0��q��o�4`.|� ����y�Q�`~;�d�ׯ,��O�Zw�������`73�v�܋�<���Ȏ�� ـ4k��5�K�a�u�=9Yd��$>x�A�&�� j0� ���vF��� Y�|�y��� ~�6�@c��1vOp�Ig����4��l�OD���L����� R���c���j�_�uX6��3?nk��Wy�f;^*B� ��@�~a�`��Eu������+���6�L��.ü>��}y���}_�O�6�͐�:�YrG�X��kG�����l^w���~㒶sy��Iu�!� W ��X��N�7BV��O��!X�2����wvG�R�f�T#�����t�/?���%8�^�W�aT��G�cL�M���I��(J����1~�8�?aT ���]����AS�E��(��*E}� 2��#I/�׍qz��^t�̔���b�Yz4x���t�){ OH��+(E��A&�N�������XT��o��"�XC��'���)}�J�z�p� ��~5�}�^����+�6����w��c��Q�|Lp�d�H��}�(�.|����k��c4^�"�����Z?ȕ ��a<�L�!039C� �Eu�C�F�Ew�ç ;�n?�*o���B�8�bʝ���'#Rqf���M}7����]����s2tcS{�\icTx;�\��7K���P���ʇ Z O-��~��c>"��?�������P��E��O�8��@�8��G��Q�g�a�Վ���󁶠�䧘��_%#r�>�1�z�a��eb��qcPѵ��n���#L��� =��׀t� L�7�`��V���A{�C:�g���e@�w1 Xp3�c3�ġ����p��M"'-�@n4���fG��B3�DJ�8[Jo�ߐ���gK)ƛ��$���� ���8�3�����+���� �����6�ʻ���� ���S�kI�*KZlT _`���?��K����QK�d����B`�s}�>���`��*�>��,*@J�d�oF*����弝��O}�k��s��]��y�ߘ��c1G�V���<=�7��7����6�q�PT��tXԀ�!9*4�4Tހ3XΛex�46���Y��D ����� �BdemDa����\�_l,��G�/���֌7���Y�](�xTt^%�GE�����4�}bT���ڹ�����;Y)���B�Q��u��>J/J �⮶.�XԄ��j�ݳ�+E��d ��r�5�_D�1 ��o�� �B�x�΢�#���<��W�����8���R6�@g�M�.��� dr�D��>(otU��@x=��~v���2� ӣ�d�oBd��3�eO�6�㣷�����ݜ6��6Y��Qz`��S��{���\P�~z m5{J/L��1������<�e�ͅPu�b�]�ϔ���'������f�b� Zpw��c`"��i���BD@:)ִ�:�]��hv�E�w���T�l��P���"Ju�}��وV J��G6��. J/�Qgl߭�e�����@�z�Zev2u�)]կ�����7x���s�M�-<ɯ�c��r�v�����@��$�ޮ}lk���a���'����>x��O\�ZFu>�����ck#��&:��`�$�ai�>2Δ����l���oF[h��lE�ܺ�Πk:)���`�� $[6�����9�����kOw�\|���8}������ބ:��񶐕��I�A1/�=�2[�,�!��.}gN#�u����b��� ~��݊��}34q����d�E��Lc��$��"�[q�U�硬g^��%B �z���r�pJ�ru%v\h1Y�ne`ǥ:g���pQM~�^�Xi� ��`S�:V29.�P���V�?B�k�� AEvw%�_�9C�Q����wKekPؠ�\�;Io d�{ ߞo�c1eP����\� `����E=���@K<�Y���eڼ�J���w����{av�F�'�M�@/J��+9p���|]�����Iw &`��8���&M�hg��[�{��Xj��%��Ӓ�$��(����ʹN���<>�I���RY���K2�NPlL�ɀ)��&e����B+ь����( � �JTx���_?EZ� }@ 6�U���뙢ط�z��dWI�n` D����噥�[��uV��"�G&Ú����2g�}&m��?ċ�"����Om#��������� ��{�ON��"S�X��Ne��ysQ���@Fn��Vg���dX�~nj�]J�<�K]:��FW��b�������62�=��5f����JKw��bf�X�55��~J �%^����:�-�QIE��P��v�nZum� z � ~ə ���� ���ة����;�f��\v���g�8�1��f24;�V���ǔ�)����9���1\��c��v�/'Ƞ�w�������$�4�R-��t���� e�6�/�ġ �̕Ecy�J���u�B���<�W�ַ~�w[B1L۲�-JS΂�{���΃������A��20�c#��@ 0!1@AP"#2Q`$3V�%45a6�FRUq��� ����^7ׅ,$n�������+��F�`��2X'��0vM��p�L=������5��8������u�p~���.�`r�����\���O��,ư�0oS ��_�M�����l���4�kv\JSd���x���SW�<��Ae�IX����������$I���w�:S���y���›R��9�Q[���,�5�;�@]�%���u�@ *ro�lbI �� ��+���%m:�͇ZV�����u�̉����θau<�fc�.����{�4Ա� �Q����*�Sm��8\ujqs]{kN���)qO�y�_*dJ�b�7���yQqI&9�ԌK!�M}�R�;������S�T���1���i[U�ɵz�]��U)V�S6���3$K{�ߊ<�(� E]Զ[ǼENg�����'�\?#)Dkf��J���o��v���'�%ƞ�&K�u�!��b�35LX�Ϸ��63$K�a�;�9>,R��W��3�3� d�JeTYE.Mϧ��-�o�j3+y��y^�c�������VO�9NV\nd�1 ��!͕_)a�v;����թ�M�lWR1��)El��P;��yوÏ�u 3�k�5Pr6<�⒲l�!˞*��u־�n�!�l:����UNW ��%��Chx8vL'��X�@��*��)���̮��ˍ��� ���D-M�+J�U�kvK����+�x8��cY������?�Ԡ��~3mo��|�u@[XeY�C�\Kp�x8�oC�C�&����N�~3-H���� ��MX�s�u<`���~"WL��$8ξ��3���a�)|:@�m�\���^�`�@ҷ)�5p+��6���p�%i)P M���ngc�����#0Aruz���RL+xSS?���ʮ}()#�t��mˇ!��0}}y����<�e� �-ή�Ԩ��X������ MF���ԙ~l L.3���}�V뽺�v�����멬��Nl�)�2����^�Iq��a��M��qG��T�����c3#������3U�Ǎ���}��לS�|qa��ڃ�+���-��2�f����/��bz��ڐ�� �ݼ[2�ç����k�X�2�* �Z�d���J�G����M*9W���s{��w���T��x��y,�in�O�v��]���n����P�$�JB@=4�OTI�n��e�22a\����q�d���%�$��(���:���: /*�K[PR�fr\nڙdN���F�n�$�4�[�� U�zƶ����� �mʋ���,�ao�u 3�z� �x��Kn����\[��VFmbE;�_U��&V�Gg�]L�۪&#n%�$ɯ�dG���D�TI=�%+AB�Ru#��b4�1�»x�cs�YzڙJG��f��Il��d�eF'T� iA��T���uC�$����Y��H?����[!G`}���ͪ� �纤Hv\������j�Ex�K���!���OiƸ�Yj�+u-<���'q����uN�*�r\��+�]���<�wOZ.fp�ێ��,-*)V?j-kÊ#�`�r��dV����(�ݽBk�����G�ƛk�QmUڗe��Z���f}|����8�8��a���i��3'J�����~G_�^���d�8w������ R�`(�~�.��u���l�s+g�bv���W���lGc}��u���afE~1�Ue������Z�0�8�=e�� f@/�jqEKQQ�J��oN��J���W5~M>$6�Lt�;$ʳ{���^��6�{����v6���ķܰg�V�cnn �~z�x�«�,2�u�?cE+Ș�H؎�%�Za�)���X>uW�Tz�Nyo����s���FQƤ��$��*�&�LLXL)�1�" L��eO��ɟ�9=���:t��Z���c��Ž���Y?�ӭV�wv�~,Y��r�ۗ�|�y��GaF�����C�����.�+� ���v1���fήJ�����]�S��T��B��n5sW}y�$��~z�'�c ��8 ��� ,! �p��VN�S��N�N�q��y8z˱�A��4��*��'������2n<�s���^ǧ˭P�Jޮɏ�U�G�L�J�*#��<�V��t7�8����TĜ>��i}K%,���)[��z�21z ?�N�i�n1?T�I�R#��m-�����������������1����lA�`��fT5+��ܐ�c�q՝��ʐ��,���3�f2U�եmab��#ŠdQ�y>\��)�SLY����w#��.���ʑ�f��� ,"+�w�~�N�'�c�O�3F�������N<���)j��&��,-� �љ���֊�_�zS���TǦ����w�>��?�������n��U仆�V���e�����0���$�C�d���rP �m�׈e�Xm�Vu� �L��.�bֹ��� �[Դaզ���*��\y�8�Է:�Ez\�0�Kq�C b��̘��cө���Q��=0Y��s�N��S.���3.���O�o:���#���v7�[#߫ ��5�܎�L���Er4���9n��COWlG�^��0k�%<���ZB���aB_���������'=��{i�v�l�$�uC���mƎҝ{�c㱼�y]���W�i ��ߧc��m�H� m�"�"�����;Y�ߝ�Z�Ǔ�����:S#��|}�y�,/k�Ld� TA�(�AI$+I3��;Y*���Z��}|��ӧO��d�v��..#:n��f>�>���ȶI�TX��� 8��y����"d�R�|�)0���=���n4��6ⲑ�+��r<�O�܂~zh�z����7ܓ�HH�Ga롏���nCo�>������a ���~]���R���̲c?�6(�q�;5%� |�uj�~z8R=X��I�V=�|{v�Gj\gc��q����z�؋%M�ߍ����1y��#��@f^���^�>N�����#x#۹��6�Y~�?�dfPO��{��P�4��V��u1E1J �*|���%���JN��`eWu�zk M6���q t[�� ��g�G���v��WIG��u_ft����5�j�"�Y�:T��ɐ���*�;� e5���4����q$C��2d�}���� _S�L#m�Yp��O�.�C�;��c����Hi#֩%+) �Ӎ��ƲV���SYź��g |���tj��3�8���r|���V��1#;.SQ�A[���S������#���`n�+���$��$I �P\[�@�s��(�ED�z���P��])8�G#��0B��[ى��X�II�q<��9�~[Z멜�Z�⊔IWU&A>�P~�#��dp<�?����7���c��'~���5 ��+$���lx@�M�dm��n<=e�dyX��?{�|Aef ,|n3�<~z�ƃ�uۧ�����P��Y,�ӥQ�*g�#먙R�\���;T��i,��[9Qi歉����c>]9�� ��"�c��P�� �Md?٥��If�ت�u��k��/����F��9�c*9��Ǎ:�ØF���z�n*�@|I�ށ9����N3{'��[�'ͬ�Ҳ4��#}��!�V� Fu��,�,mTIk���v C�7v���B�6k�T9��1�*l� '~��ƞF��lU��'�M ����][ΩũJ_�{�i�I�n��$���L�� j��O�dx�����kza۪��#�E��Cl����x˘�o�����V���ɞ�ljr��)�/,�߬h�L��#��^��L�ф�,íMƁe�̩�NB�L�����iL����q�}��(��q��6IçJ$�W�E$��:������=#����(�K�B����zђ <��K(�N�۫K�w��^O{!����)�H���>x�������lx�?>Պ�+�>�W���,Ly!_�D���Ō�l���Q�!�[ �S����J��1��Ɛ�Y}��b,+�Lo�x�ɓ)����=�y�oh�@�꥟/��I��ѭ=��P�y9��� �ۍYӘ�e+�p�Jnϱ?V\SO%�(�t� ���=?MR�[Ș�����d�/ ��n�l��B�7j� ��!�;ӥ�/�[-���A�>�dN�sLj ��,ɪv��=1c�.SQ�O3�U���ƀ�ܽ�E����������̻��9G�ϷD�7(�}��Ävӌ\�y�_0[w ���<΍>����a_��[0+�L��F.�޺��f�>oN�T����q;���y\��bՃ��y�jH�<|q-eɏ�_?_9+P���Hp$�����[ux�K w�Mw��N�ی'$Y2�=��q���KB��P��~������Yul:�[<����F1�2�O���5=d����]Y�sw:���Ϯ���E��j,_Q��X��z`H1,#II ��d�wr��P˂@�ZJV����y$�\y�{}��^~���[:N����ߌ�U�������O��d�����ؾe��${p>G��3c���Ė�lʌ�� ת��[��`ϱ�-W����dg�I��ig2��� ��}s ��ؤ(%#sS@���~���3�X�nRG�~\jc3�v��ӍL��M[JB�T��s3}��j�Nʖ��W����;7��ç?=X�F=-�=����q�ߚ���#���='�c��7���ڑW�I(O+=:uxq�������������e2�zi+�kuG�R��������0�&e�n���iT^J����~\jy���p'dtG��s����O��3����9* �b#Ɋ�� p������[Bws�T�>d4�ۧs���nv�n���U���_�~,�v����ƜJ1��s�� �QIz��)�(lv8M���U=�;����56��G���s#�K���MP�=��LvyGd��}�VwWBF�'�à �?MH�U�g2�� ����!�p�7Q��j��ڴ����=��j�u��� Jn�A s���uM������e��Ɔ�Ҕ�!)'��8Ϣ�ٔ��ޝ(��Vp���צ֖d=�IC�J�Ǡ{q������kԭ�߸���i��@K����u�|�p=..�*+����x�����z[Aqġ#s2a�Ɗ���RR�)*HRsi�~�a &f��M��P����-K�L@��Z��Xy�'x�{}��Zm+���:�)�) IJ�-i�u���� ���ܒH��'�L(7�y�GӜq���� j��� 6ߌg1�g�o���,kر���tY�?W,���p���e���f�OQS��!K�۟cҒA�|ս�j�>��=⬒��˧L[�� �߿2JaB~R��u�:��Q�] �0H~���]�7��Ƽ�I���(}��cq '�ήET���q�?f�ab���ӥvr� �)o��-Q��_'����ᴎo��K������;��V���o��%���~OK ����*��b�f:���-ťIR��`B�5!RB@���ï�� �u �̯e\�_U�_������� g�ES��3�������QT��a����x����U<~�c?�*�#]�MW,[8O�a�x��]�1bC|踤�P��lw5V%�)�{t�<��d��5���0i�XSU��m:��Z�┵�i�"��1�^B�-��P�hJ��&)O��*�D��c�W��vM��)����}���P��ܗ-q����\mmζZ-l@�}��a��E�6��F�@��&Sg@���ݚ�M����� ȹ 4����#p�\H����dYDo�H���"��\��..R�B�H�z_�/5˘����6��KhJR��P�mƶi�m���3�,#c�co��q�a)*Pt����R�m�k�7x�D�E�\Y�閣_X�<���~�)���c[[�BP����6�Yq���S��0����%_����;��Àv�~�| VS؇ ��'O0��F0��\���U�-�d@�����7�SJ*z��3n��y��P����O���������m�~�P�3|Y��ʉr#�C�<�G~�.,! ���bqx���h~0=��!ǫ�jy����l�O,�[B��~��|9��ٱ����Xly�#�i�B��g%�S��������tˋ���e���ې��\[d�t)��.+u�|1 ������#�~Oj����hS�%��i.�~X���I�H�m��0n���c�1uE�q��cF�RF�o���7� �O�ꮧ� ���ۛ{��ʛi5�rw?׌#Qn�TW��~?y$��m\�\o����%W� ?=>S�N@�� �Ʈ���R����N�)�r"C�:��:����� �����#��qb��Y�. �6[��2K����2u�Ǧ�HYR��Q�MV��� �G�$��Q+.>�����nNH��q�^��� ����q��mM��V��D�+�-�#*�U�̒ ���p욳��u:�������IB���m���PV@O���r[b= �� ��1U�E��_Nm�yKbN�O���U�}�the�`�|6֮P>�\2�P�V���I�D�i�P�O;�9�r�mAHG�W�S]��J*�_�G��+kP�2����Ka�Z���H�'K�x�W�MZ%�O�YD�Rc+o��?�q��Ghm��d�S�oh�\�D�|:W������UA�Qc yT�q������~^�H��/��#p�CZ���T�I�1�ӏT����4��"�ČZ�����}��`w�#�*,ʹ�� ��0�i��課�Om�*�da��^gJ݅{���l�e9uF#T�ֲ��̲�ٞC"�q���ߍ ոޑ�o#�XZTp����@ o�8��(jd��xw�]�,f���`~�|,s��^����f�1���t��|��m�򸄭/ctr��5s��7�9Q�4�H1꠲BB@l9@���C�����+�wp�xu�£Yc�9��?`@#�o�mH�s2��)�=��2�.�l����jg�9$�Y�S�%*L������R�Y������7Z���,*=�䷘$�������arm�o�ϰ���UW.|�r�uf����IGw�t����Zwo��~5 ��YյhO+=8fF�)�W�7�L9lM�̘·Y���֘YLf�큹�pRF���99.A �"wz��=E\Z���'a� 2��Ǚ�#;�'}�G���*��l��^"q��+2FQ� hj��kŦ��${���ޮ-�T�٭cf�|�3#~�RJ����t��$b�(R��(����r���dx� >U b�&9,>���%E\� Ά�e�$��'�q't��*�א���ެ�b��-|d���SB�O�O��$�R+�H�)�܎�K��1m`;�J�2�Y~9��O�g8=vqD`K[�F)k�[���1m޼c��n���]s�k�z$@��)!I �x՝"v��9=�ZA=`Ɠi �:�E��)`7��vI��}d�YI�_ �o�:ob���o ���3Q��&D&�2=�� �Ά��;>�h����y.*ⅥS������Ӭ�+q&����j|UƧ����}���J0��WW< ۋS�)jQR�j���Ư��rN)�Gű�4Ѷ(�S)Ǣ�8��i��W52���No˓� ۍ%�5brOn�L�;�n��\G����=�^U�dI���8$�&���h��'���+�(������cȁ߫k�l��S^���cƗjԌE�ꭔ��gF���Ȓ��@���}O���*;e�v�WV���YJ\�]X'5��ղ�k�F��b 6R�o՜m��i N�i����>J����?��lPm�U��}>_Z&�KK��q�r��I�D�Չ~�q�3fL�:S�e>���E���-G���{L�6p�e,8��������QI��h��a�Xa��U�A'���ʂ���s�+טIjP�-��y�8ۈZ?J$��W�P� ��R�s�]��|�l(�ԓ��sƊi��o(��S0��Y� 8�T97.�����WiL��c�~�dxc�E|�2!�X�K�Ƙਫ਼�$((�6�~|d9u+�qd�^3�89��Y�6L�.I�����?���iI�q���9�)O/뚅����O���X��X�V��ZF[�یgQ�L��K1���RҖr@v�#��X�l��F���Нy�S�8�7�kF!A��sM���^rkp�jP�DyS$N���q��nxҍ!U�f�!eh�i�2�m���`�Y�I�9r�6� �TF���C}/�y�^���Η���5d�'��9A-��J��>{�_l+�`��A���[�'��յ�ϛ#w:݅�%��X�}�&�PSt�Q�"�-��\縵�/����$Ɨh�Xb�*�y��BS����;W�ջ_mc�����vt?2}1�;qS�d�d~u:2k5�2�R�~�z+|HE!)�Ǟl��7`��0�<�,�2*���Hl-��x�^����'_TV�gZA�'j� ^�2Ϊ��N7t�����?w�� �x1��f��Iz�C-Ȗ��K�^q�;���-W�DvT�7��8�Z�������� hK�(P:��Q- �8�n�Z���܃e貾�<�1�YT<�,�����"�6{/ �?�͟��|1�:�#g��W�>$����d��J��d�B��=��jf[��%rE^��il:��B���x���Sּ�1հ��,�=��*�7 fcG��#q� �eh?��2�7�����,�!7x��6�n�LC�4x��},Geǝ�tC.��vS �F�43��zz\��;QYC,6����~;RYS/6���|2���5���v��T��i����������mlv��������&� �nRh^ejR�LG�f���? �ۉҬܦƩ��|��Ȱ����>3����!v��i�ʯ�>�v��オ�X3e���_1z�Kȗ\<������!�8���V��]��?b�k41�Re��T�q��mz��TiOʦ�Z��Xq���L������q"+���2ۨ��8}�&N7XU7Ap�d�X��~�׿��&4e�o�F��� �H����O���č�c�� 懴�6���͉��+)��v;j��ݷ�� �UV�� i��� j���Y9GdÒJ1��詞�����V?h��l����l�cGs�ځ�������y�Ac�����\V3�? �� ܙg�>qH�S,�E�W�[�㺨�uch�⍸�O�}���a��>�q�6�n6����N6�q������N ! 1AQaq�0@����"2BRb�#Pr���3C`��Scst���$4D���%Td�� ?���N����a��3��m���C���w��������xA�m�q�m���m������$����4n淿t'��C"w��zU=D�\R+w�p+Y�T�&�պ@��ƃ��3ޯ?�Aﶂ��aŘ���@-�����Q�=���9D��ռ�ѻ@��M�V��P��܅�G5�f�Y<�u=,EC)�<�Fy'�"�&�չ�X~f��l�KԆV��?�� �W�N����=(� �;���{�r����ٌ�Y���h{�١������jW����P���Tc�����X�K�r��}���w�R��%��?���E��m�� �Y�q|����\lEE4���r���}�lsI�Y������f�$�=�d�yO����p�����yBj8jU�o�/�S��?�U��*������ˍ�0������u�q�m [�?f����a�� )Q�>����6#������� ?����0UQ����,IX���(6ڵ[�DI�MNލ�c&���υ�j\��X�R|,4��� j������T�hA�e��^���d���b<����n�� �즇�=!���3�^�`j�h�ȓr��jẕ�c�,ٞX����-����a�ﶔ���#�$��]w�O��Ӫ�1y%��L�Y<�wg#�ǝ�̗`�x�xa�t�w��»1���o7o5��>�m뭛C���Uƃߜ}�C���y1Xνm�F8�jI���]����H���ۺиE@I�i;r�8ӭ����V�F�Շ| ��&?�3|x�B�MuS�Ge�=Ӕ�#BE5G�����Y!z��_e��q�р/W>|-�Ci߇�t�1ޯќd�R3�u��g�=0 5��[?�#͏��q�cf���H��{ ?u�=?�?ǯ���}Z��z���hmΔ�BFTW�����<�q�(v� ��!��z���iW]*�J�V�z��gX֧A�q�&��/w���u�gYӘa���; �i=����g:��?2�dž6�ى�k�4�>�Pxs����}������G�9��3 ���)gG�R<>r h�$��'nc�h�P��Bj��J�ҧH� -��N1���N��?��~��}-q!=��_2hc�M��l�vY%UE�@|�v����M2�.Y[|y�"Eï��K�ZF,�ɯ?,q�?v�M 80jx�"�;�9vk�����+ ֧�� �ȺU��?�%�vcV��mA�6��Qg^M����A}�3�nl� QRN�l8�kkn�'�����(��M�7m9و�q���%ޟ���*h$Zk"��$�9��: �?U8�Sl��,,|ɒ��xH(ѷ����Gn�/Q�4�P��G�%��Ա8�N��!� �&�7�;���eKM7�4��9R/%����l�c>�x;������>��C�:�����t��h?aKX�bhe�ᜋ^�$�Iհ �hr7%F$�E��Fd���t��5���+�(M6�t����Ü�UU|zW�=a�Ts�Tg������dqP�Q����b'�m���1{|Y����X�N��b �P~��F^F:����k6�"�j!�� �I�r�`��1&�-$�Bevk:y���#yw��I0��x��=D�4��tU���P�ZH��ڠ底taP��6����b>�xa����Q�#� WeF��ŮNj�p�J* mQ�N����*I�-*�ȩ�F�g�3 �5��V�ʊ�ɮ�a��5F���O@{���NX��?����H�]3��1�Ri_u��������ѕ�� ����0��� F��~��:60�p�͈�S��qX#a�5>���`�o&+�<2�D����: �������ڝ�$�nP���*)�N�|y�Ej�F�5ټ�e���ihy�Z �>���k�bH�a�v��h�-#���!�Po=@k̆IEN��@��}Ll?j�O������߭�ʞ���Q|A07x���wt!xf���I2?Z��<ץ�T���cU�j��]��陎Ltl �}5�ϓ��$�,��O�mˊ�;�@O��jE��j(�ا,��LX���LO���Ц�90�O �.����a��nA���7������j4 ��W��_ٓ���zW�jcB������y՗+EM�)d���N�g6�y1_x��p�$Lv:��9�"z��p���ʙ$��^��JԼ*�ϭ����o���=x�Lj�6�J��u82�A�H�3$�ٕ@�=Vv�]�'�qEz�;I˼��)��=��ɯ���x �/�W(V���p�����$ �m�������u�����񶤑Oqˎ�T����r��㠚x�sr�GC��byp�G��1ߠ�w e�8�$⿄����/�M{*}��W�]˷.�CK\�ުx���/$�WPw���r� |i���&�}�{�X� �>��$-��l���?-z���g����lΆ���(F���h�vS*���b���߲ڡn,|)mrH[���a�3�ר�[1��3o_�U�3�TC�$��(�=�)0�kgP���� ��u�^=��4 �WYCҸ:��vQ�ר�X�à��tk�m,�t*��^�,�}D*� �"(�I��9R����>`�`��[~Q]�#af��i6l��8���6�:,s�s�N6�j"�A4���IuQ��6E,�GnH��zS�HO�uk�5$�I�4��ؤ�Q9�@��C����wp�BGv[]�u�Ov���0I4���\��y�����Q�Ѹ��~>Z��8�T��a��q�ޣ;z��a���/��S��I:�ܫ_�|������>=Z����8:�S��U�I�J��"IY���8%b8���H��:�QO�6�;7�I�S��J��ҌAά3��>c���E+&jf$eC+�z�;��V����� �r���ʺ������my�e���aQ�f&��6�ND��.:��NT�vm�<- u���ǝ\MvZY�N�NT��-A�>jr!S��n�O 1�3�Ns�%�3D@���`������ܟ 1�^c<���� �a�ɽ�̲�Xë#�w�|y�cW�=�9I*H8�p�^(4���՗�k��arOcW�tO�\�ƍR��8����'�K���I�Q�����?5�>[�}��yU�ײ -h��=��% q�ThG�2�)���"ו3]�!kB��*p�FDl�A���,�eEi�H�f�Ps�����5�H:�Փ~�H�0Dت�D�I����h�F3�������c��2���E��9�H��5�zԑ�ʚ�i�X�=:m�xg�hd(�v����׊�9iS��O��d@0ڽ���:�p�5�h-��t�&���X�q�ӕ,��ie�|���7A�2���O%P��E��htj��Y1��w�Ѓ!����  ���� ࢽ��My�7�\�a�@�ţ�J �4�Ȼ�F�@o�̒?4�wx��)��]�P��~�����u�����5�����7X ��9��^ܩ�U;Iꭆ 5 �������eK2�7(�{|��Y׎ �V��\"���Z�1� Z�����}��(�Ǝ"�1S���_�vE30>���p;� ΝD��%x�W�?W?v����o�^V�i�d��r[��/&>�~`�9Wh��y�;���R��� ;;ɮT��?����r$�g1�K����A��C��c��K��l:�'��3 c�ﳯ*"t8�~l��)���m��+U,z��`(�>yJ�?����h>��]��v��ЍG*�{`��;y]��I�T� ;c��NU�fo¾h���/$���|NS���1�S�"�H��V���T���4��uhǜ�]�v;���5�͠x��'C\�SBpl���h}�N����� A�Bx���%��ޭ�l��/����T��w�ʽ]D�=����K���ž�r㻠l4�S�O?=�k �M:� ��c�C�a�#ha���)�ѐxc�s���gP�iG��{+���x���Q���I= �� z��ԫ+ �8"�k�ñ�j=|����c ��y��CF��/��*9ж�h{ �?4�o� ��k�m�Q�N�x��;�Y��4膚�a�w?�6�>e]�����Q�r�:����g�,i"�����ԩA�*M�<�G��b�if��l^M��5� �Ҩ�{����6J��ZJ�����P�*�����Y���ݛu�_4�9�I8�7���������,^ToR���m4�H��?�N�S�ѕw��/S��甍�@�9H�S�T��t�ƻ���ʒU��*{Xs�@����f�����֒Li�K{H�w^���������Ϥm�tq���s� ���ք��f:��o~s��g�r��ט� �S�ѱC�e]�x���a��) ���(b-$(�j>�7q�B?ӕ�F��hV25r[7 Y� }L�R��}����*sg+��x�r�2�U=�*'WS��ZDW]�WǞ�<��叓���{�$�9Ou4��y�90-�1�'*D`�c�^o?(�9��u���ݐ��'PI&� f�Jݮ�������:wS����jfP1F:X �H�9dԯ���˝[�_54 �}*;@�ܨ�� ð�yn�T���?�ןd�#���4rG�ͨ��H�1�|-#���Mr�S3��G�3�����)�.᧏3v�z֑��r����$G"�`j �1t��x0<Ɔ�Wh6�y�6��,œ�Ga��gA����y��b��)��h�D��ß�_�m��ü �gG;��e�v��ݝ�nQ� ��C����-�*��o���y�a��M��I�>�<���]obD��"�:���G�A��-\%LT�8���c�)��+y76���o�Q�#*{�(F�⽕�y����=���rW�\p���۩�c���A���^e6��K������ʐ�cVf5$�'->���ՉN"���F�"�UQ@�f��Gb~��#�&�M=��8�ט�JNu9��D��[̤�s�o�~������ G��9T�tW^g5y$b��Y'��س�Ǵ�=��U-2 #�MC�t(�i� �lj�@Q 5�̣i�*�O����s�x�K�f��}\��M{E�V�{�υ��Ƈ�����);�H����I��fe�Lȣr�2��>��W�I�Ȃ6������i��k�� �5�YOxȺ����>��Y�f5'��|��H+��98pj�n�.O�y�������jY��~��i�w'������l�;�s�2��Y��:'lg�ꥴ)o#'Sa�a�K��Z� �m��}�`169�n���"���x��I ��*+� }F<��cГ���F�P�������ֹ*�PqX�x۩��,� ��N�� �4<-����%����:��7����W���u�`����� $�?�I��&����o��o��`v�>��P��"��l���4��5'�Z�gE���8���?��[�X�7(��.Q�-��*���ތL@̲����v��.5���[��=�t\+�CNܛ��,g�SQnH����}*F�G16���&:�t��4ُ"A��̣��$�b �|����#rs��a�����T�� ]�<�j��BS�('$�ɻ� �wP;�/�n��?�ݜ��x�F��yUn�~mL*-�������Xf�wd^�a�}��f�,=t�׵i�.2/wpN�Ep8�OР���•��R�FJ� 55TZ��T �ɭ�<��]��/�0�r�@�f��V��V����Nz�G��^���7hZi����k��3�,kN�e|�vg�1{9]_i��X5y7� 8e]�U����'�-2,���e"����]ot�I��Y_��n�(JҼ��1�O ]bXc���Nu�No��pS���Q_���_�?i�~�x h5d'�(qw52] ��'ޤ�q��o1�R!���`ywy�A4u���h<קy���\[~�4�\ X�Wt/� 6�����n�F�a8��f���z �3$�t(���q��q�x��^�XWeN'p<-v�!�{�(>ӽDP7��ո0�y)�e$ٕv�Ih'Q�EA�m*�H��RI��=:��� ���4牢) �%_iN�ݧ�l]� �Nt���G��H�L��� ɱ�g<���1V�,�J~�ٹ�"K��Q�� 9�HS�9�?@��k����r�;we݁�]I�!{ �@�G�[�"��`���J:�n]�{�cA�E����V��ʆ���#��U9�6����j�#Y�m\��q�e4h�B�7��C�������d<�?J����1g:ٳ���=Y���D�p�ц� ׈ǔ��1�]26؜oS�'��9�V�FVu�P�h�9�xc�oq�X��p�o�5��Ա5$�9W�V(�[Ak�aY錎qf;�'�[�|���b�6�Ck��)��#a#a˙��8���=äh�4��2��C��4tm^ �n'c���]GQ$[Wҿ��i���vN�{Fu ��1�gx��1┷���N�m��{j-,��x�� Ūm�ЧS�[�s���Gna���䑴�� x�p 8<������97�Q���ϴ�v�aϚG��Rt�Һ׈�f^\r��WH�JU�7Z���y)�vg=����n��4�_)y��D'y�6�]�c�5̪�\� �PF�k����&�c;��cq�$~T�7j ���nç]�<�g ":�to�t}�159�<�/�8������m�b�K#g'I'.W�����6��I/��>v��\�MN��g���m�A�yQL�4u�Lj�j9��#44�t��l^�}L����n��R��!��t��±]��r��h6ٍ>�yҏ�N��fU�� ���� Fm@�8}�/u��jb9������he:A�y�ծw��GpΧh�5����l}�3p468��)U��d��c����;Us/�֔�YX�1�O2��uq�s��`hwg�r~�{ R��mhN��؎*q 42�*th��>�#���E����#��Hv�O����q�}�����6�e��\�,Wk�#���X��b>��p}�դ��3���T5��†��6��[��@�P�y*n��|'f�֧>�lư΂�̺����SU�'*�q�p�_S�����M�� '��c�6�����m�� ySʨ;M��r���Ƌ�m�Kxo,���Gm�P��A�G�:��i��w�9�}M(�^�V��$ǒ�ѽ�9���|���� �a����J�SQ�a���r�B;����}���ٻ֢�2�%U���c�#�g���N�a�ݕ�'�v�[�OY'��3L�3�;,p�]@�S��{ls��X�'���c�jw�k'a�.��}�}&�� �dP�*�bK=ɍ!����;3n�gΊU�ߴmt�'*{,=SzfD� A��ko~�G�aoq�_mi}#�m�������P�Xhύ����mxǍ�΂���巿zf��Q���c���|kc�����?���W��Y�$���_Lv����l߶��c���`?����l�j�ݲˏ!V��6����U�Ђ(A���4y)H���p�Z_�x��>���e��R��$�/�`^'3qˏ�-&Q�=?��CFVR �D�fV�9��{�8g�������n�h�(P"��6�[�D���< E�����~0<@�`�G�6����Hг�cc�� �c�K.5��D��d�B���`?�XQ��2��ٿyqo&+�1^� DW�0�ꊩ���G�#��Q�nL3��c���������/��x ��1�1[y�x�პCW��C�c�UĨ80�m�e�4.{�m��u���I=��f�����0QRls9���f���������9���~f�����Ǩ��a�"@�8���ȁ�Q����#c�ic������G��$���G���r/$W�(��W���V�"��m�7�[m�A�m����bo��D� j����۳� l���^�k�h׽����� ��#� iXn�v��eT�k�a�^Y�4�BN��ĕ��0 !01@Q"2AaPq3BR������?���@4�Q�����T3,���㺠�W�[=JK�Ϟ���2�r^7��vc�:�9 �E�ߴ�w�S#d���Ix��u��:��Hp��9E!�� V 2;73|F��9Y���*ʬ�F��D����u&���y؟��^EA��A��(ɩ���^��GV:ݜDy�`��Jr29ܾ�㝉��[���E;Fzx��YG��U�e�Y�C���� ����v-tx����I�sם�Ę�q��Eb�+P\ :>�i�C'�;�����k|z�رn�y]�#ǿb��Q��������w�����(�r|ӹs��[�D��2v-%��@;�8<a���[\o[ϧw��I!��*0�krs)�[�J9^��ʜ��p1)� "��/_>��o��<1����A�E�y^�C��`�x1'ܣn�p��s`l���fQ��):�l����b>�Me�jH^?�kl3(�z:���1ŠK&?Q�~�{�ٺ�h�y���/�[��V�|6��}�KbX����mn[-��7�5q�94�������dm���c^���h� X��5��<�eޘ>G���-�}�دB�ޟ� ��|�rt�M��V+�]�c?�-#ڛ��^ǂ}���Lkr���O��u�>�-D�ry� D?:ޞ�U��ǜ�7�V��?瓮�"�#���r��չģVR;�n���/_� ؉v�ݶe5d�b9��/O��009�G���5n�W����JpA�*�r9�>�1��.[t���s�F���nQ� V 77R�]�ɫ8����_0<՜�IF�u(v��4��F�k�3��E)��N:��yڮe��P�`�1}�$WS��J�SQ�N�j�ٺ��޵�#l���ј(�5=��5�lǏmoW�v-�1����v,W�mn��߀$x�<����v�j(����c]��@#��1������Ǔ���o'��u+����;G�#�޸��v-lη��/(`i⣍Pm^���ԯ̾9Z��F��������n��1��� ��]�[��)�'������:�֪�W��FC����� �B9،!?���]��V��A�Վ�M��b�w��G F>_DȬ0¤�#�QR�[V��kz���m�w�"��9ZG�7'[��=�Q����j8R?�zf�\a�=��O�U����*oB�A�|G���2�54 �p��.w7� �� ��&������ξxGHp� B%��$g�����t�Џ򤵍z���HN�u�Я�-�'4��0��;_��3 !01"@AQa2Pq#3BR������?��ʩca��en��^��8���<�u#��m*08r��y�N"�<�Ѳ0��@\�p��� �����Kv�D��J8�Fҽ� �f�Y��-m�ybX�NP����}�!*8t(�OqѢ��Q�wW�K��ZD��Δ^e��!� ��B�K��p~�����e*l}z#9ң�k���q#�Ft�o��S�R����-�w�!�S���Ӥß|M�l޶V��!eˈ�8Y���c�ЮM2��tk���� ������J�fS����Ö*i/2�����n]�k�\���|4yX�8��U�P.���Ы[���l��@"�t�<������5�lF���vU�����W��W��;�b�cД^6[#7@vU�xgZv��F�6��Q,K�v��� �+Ъ��n��Ǣ��Ft���8��0��c�@�!�Zq s�v�t�;#](B��-�nῃ~���3g������5�J�%���O������n�kB�ĺ�.r��+���#�N$?�q�/�s�6��p��a����a��J/��M�8��6�ܰ"�*������ɗud"\w���aT(����[��F��U՛����RT�b���n�*��6���O��SJ�.�ij<�v�MT��R\c��5l�sZB>F��<7�;EA��{��E���Ö��1U/�#��d1�a�n.1ě����0�ʾR�h��|�R��Ao�3�m3 ��%�� ���28Q� ��y��φ���H�To�7�lW>����#i`�q���c����a��� �m,B�-j����݋�'mR1Ήt�>��V��p���s�0IbI�C.���1R�ea�����]H�6����������4B>��o��](��$B���m�����a�!=��?�B� K�Ǿ+�Ծ"�n���K��*��+��[T#�{E�J�S����Q�����s�5�:�U�\wĐ�f�3����܆&�)����I���Ԇw��E T�lrTf6Q|R�h:��[K�� �z��c֧�G�C��%\��_�a�84��HcO�bi��ؖV��7H �)*ģK~Xhչ0��4?�0��� �E<���}3���#���u�?�� ��|g�S�6ꊤ�|�I#Hڛ� �ա��w�X��9��7���Ŀ%�SL��y6č��|�F�a 8���b��$�sק�h���b9RAu7�˨p�Č�_\*w��묦��F ����4D~�f����|(�"m���NK��i�S�>�$d7SlA��/�²����SL��|6N�}���S�˯���g��]6��; �#�.��<���q'Q�1|KQ$�����񛩶"�$r�b:���N8�w@��8$�� �AjfG|~�9F ���Y��ʺ��Bwؒ������M:I岎�G��`s�YV5����6��A �b:�W���G�q%l�����F��H���7�������Fsv7��k�� 403WebShell
403Webshell
Server IP : 104.21.45.146  /  Your IP : 172.69.214.108
Web Server : Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)
System : Linux ip-172-31-19-221 6.8.0-1029-aws #31~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 24 21:16:18 UTC 2025 x86_64
User : www-data ( 33)
PHP Version : 8.1.28
Disable Function : NONE
MySQL : OFF  |  cURL : ON  |  WGET : ON  |  Perl : ON  |  Python : OFF  |  Sudo : ON  |  Pkexec : ON
Directory :  /efsdata/scitechnol.com/httpdocs/online-submissions/

Upload File :
current_dir [ Writeable ] document_root [ Writeable ]

 

Command :


[ Back ]     

Current File : /efsdata/scitechnol.com/httpdocs/online-submissions/0-1-Manuscript-2018-01-27.doc
��ࡱ�>��	*-����'()�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������a�)��0��bjbj�͚�	4���I\��I\_�+��������	�	����$$$8\L�|$+l$$::R---q*s*s*s*s*s*s*$�,�8/J�*9-----�*:R��*'''-�:Rq*'-q*''':���� �}�T�������%�']*�*0+'�/�&��/''�/5((--'-----�*�*'---+----���������������������������������������������������������������������/---------�	>�:	)Dental Fear in 7-11 Years Old Iranian children
Simin Zahra Mohebbi1, Samaneh Razeghi1, Mahdia Gholami1, Mohammad Javad Kharazifard2, Saba Rahimian3*
1 Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, North Kargar St., Tehran University of Medical Sciences, (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
2 Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.�
3* Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), School of Dentistry, Navvab Highway, Mahan St., Tehran, Iran. 

Abstract
Background: Children�s Dental fear may cause to avoid of dental care. There are contradictory results in the several studies have been conducted on the etiology of dental fear.
Methods: In this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) research, the standard Persian version of Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire was completed by 240 pairs of parent- child (aged 7-11years old).
Results: The number of boys and girls participated in the study was equal. The mean score of fear among all children was 21.66 � 8.33. The cases which the children had been more feared were the injection first and then seeing the dentist's drill, and the third, choking feeling and finally filling the tooth. Also, there was a significant correlation between the scores of children's dental fear and their history of meeting with the dentist by independent t-test (P = 0.001). The result of the regression test also showed that the age of the children (P=0.022) and their mentality of the father's high dental fear (P<0.001) is related to the children�s more dental fear.
Discussion: Therefore, considering the multiplicity in the etiology of dental fear, it seems that the effect of children's age and also, their mentality of father's dental fear may be more important on the degree of fear in the child than the other factors, like the child's gender. Thus, understanding about the true factors can lead to finding proper ways to reduce the child's fear and prevent its long-term consequences. 
Keywords: fear, dentistry, child, CFSS-DS questionnaire















1. Introduction:
Anxiety from dentistry (dental anxiety) is a common problem in all people of any age, but it seems that this anxiety may develop in the childhood and adolescence periods of life (1, 2). The prevalence of fear varies between cultures and populations and is estimated at 3-43% in childhood. In the literature, fear and anxiety are highly interrelated each other and usually both can be used as the same meaning in dentistry. Fear is known as a physiological, behavioral, and emotional response to a scary trigger, while anxiety is a distressing feeling and a concern focused on encountering a scary stimulator (3).
Fear of dentistry can weaken the health of the mouth and the whole body (4, 5). Anxious and uncooperative children tend to avoid dental care and are more likely to have a worse oral health than their less distressed and associate (6).    
The etiology of dental phobia is multi-factorial (7, 8, 9) and complicated (1) and is not fully understood. Rachman's Theory 3 Pathway (1977) describes the main framework, which is about learning dental anxiety in children. The response of children's anxiety may evolve with these cases: 1- Learn directly by conditioning (individual experiences per visit) 2- Learn indirectly by making model (family and friends, etc.) 3- Learn indirectly by getting information. A large number of researchers have been studying on the conditioning process in children's dental fears (7, 10).
The children's responses to the dentistry environment are diverse and complex. Children show different behaviors depending on age, behavioral maturity, mood, experience, family background, culture and oral health status (11).
The idea of a defective dental fear expresses that dental fear can cause delay in referral, increasing dental problems, and ultimately referring for the treatment of symptomatic disease, which leads to re-emergence of dental fear (12-18) . A number of studies have found a link between dental fear with referral pattern and experiences of disease (19).
The results of the studies on the relationship between dental fear and the age were different and sometimes contradictory. (20-22), the same trend has also been true for the gender agent. These contradictions can be attributed to the fact that each of these studies has been conducted in different cultures, and the evolution of dental fear may be influenced by culture and even social habits, such as the dental care system of the country (22).
Many studies have shown that dental anxiety is correlated with previous negative experiences and fear of pain in the dentistry environment (20). On the other hand, experience shows that the initial examination, if followed by the next regular recalls, often can cause a young child at an early age to become a very good patient and not to be afraid of a dentist. It is also possible for these children to have greater oral and dental health throughout their lives (11).
In most researches which have been done on the relationship between parents (mother) and their child's dental fears, there is an important relationship between mother's anxiety and her child behavior in terms of cooperation in the first dental visit (11). Mothers with low educational levels and mothers who had irregular dental visits were also the factors that prevented the child from meeting with a dentist. On the other hand, the children of mothers who had high anxiety scores significantly had a more negative attitude than the children of mothers with less anxiety scores (23).
The role of the medical staff, especially the dentist, can have a particular importance in the amount of expressing of dental fear by how to assess the child and the family and prepare them and train them for active participation in the child oral and dental care (11).
Since cultural and social factors can affect the structure of children's fears (20, 24), in this research, we decided to determine the factors affecting dental fear in children aged 7-11 who were referred to the dentistry school clinic of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
2. Methods:
This research was a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study.
 2.1. Sampling 
Sampling was conducted in about 3 months among volunteers aged 7-11 years old and their attendant parent who were referred to the medical school clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in both morning and evening shifts. The parents were asked not to interfere in the choice of answers by their child. On the other hand, the child was asked to answer the questions himself and in case of any questions or ambiguities ask the researcher to give him additional explanations.
 2.2. Questionnaire 
A questionnaire with two parts was designed for this study. The first Part, the "Persian version of Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) (25), was previously standardized. The second part contained the Questions about the underlying factors in the fear (divided into two sections, for the child and the parent).
In the first part, the table of CFSS-DS Questionnaire contained 13 questions with five options. The options were variable from "I'm Not Afraid" with 1 point, to "I'm so scared", with 5 points. The range of scores was from 13 to 65.
In the first section of the second part, asked the child to examine the child's mindset about parents' (26) and her (or his) best friend fears. Also, asked the child's preference in choosing the dentist, �gentleman� or "lady". In the second section, questioned the attendant parent about the referral history of the child to dentistry, parents' education and family income.
2. 3. Statistical analysis 
Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. The statistical significance was considered to be P valued"0.05.
The overall score of fear for each child was estimated by adding points to each item of the CFSS-DS Questionnaire. The overall score of fear, which were between 13 (answered all the questions "not afraid at all"), to 65 (answered all the questions "I am scared so much"), eventually turned into a number between 0 and 100. The child's mindset variable about the fear of the parent and her (or his) best friend had five options (I do not know, he is not afraid at all, he is a little afraid, he is somewhat afraid, and very afraid), and the dentist's preferred variable had three options (lady, Gentleman, and does not matter). The child's previous visit history to dentistry was questioned from the parent (not gone, gone). The age of children was calculated from the range of 84 to 143 months. Therefore, the age range for 7 years old children were estimated from 84 to 95 months and for 11 years old children estimated from 132 to 143 months. The child's gender was also recorded. The family income variable was asked from the parent and scored as 1 (low or no living expenses) up to 4 (excellent or higher than the amount required to cover living expenses). 
Independent T-test was used to assess the relationship between fear score and the history of meeting with the dentist. Finally, the correlation scores of the CFSS-DS questionnaire with the variables of child's age, child's gender, child's mindset about parents (father and mother) and the best friend fears, parental education and household income were measured using linear regression model.
2.4. Ethical considerations
The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in a letter dated IR.TUMS.DENTISTRY.REC.1396.3334. The questionnaires were prepared without the name of the candidate and the study was optional. At the top of the questionnaire, this phrase ("participation in study is an optional") was inserted, which constituted consent.
3. Results:
In this study, a total of 240 pairs of child-parent parents, including 120 children and 120 boys, participated.
 3.1. Frequency of children by age
The age range of children was between 7 (84 months) and 11 years (143 months). The frequency of children by age is presented in Table 1. 
 3.2. Children's mean age
The mean age of all children was 9 years (108 months) with a standard deviation of 16.51 and an average age in girls and boys close to each other and respectively 9 years (109 months) with a standard deviation of 16.37 and 8 years (107 Month) with a standard deviation of 16.63 (Table 2).
 3.3. Most children's fears 
From the most variables which feared children "injection" was in the first class. The frequency rates were 29.2% for "I'm not afraid at all", 30.8% for "I'm afraid a little", 10.4% for "I'm afraid somewhat", 10.8% for "I�m afraid a lot", 18.8% for "I'm afraid so much". Also, "they were seeing a dentist drill" was in the second class and the frequency rates were 41.7% for "I'm not afraid at all", 27.1% for "I'm afraid a little",15% for "I'm afraid somewhat", 6.7% for "I'm afraid a lot", 9.6% for "I'm afraid so much". Third place, which was slightly different from the second one was "choking feeling" with the frequency rates of 42.1% for "I'm not afraid at all", 29.6% for "I'm afraid a little", 10.8% for "I'm afraid somewhat" 7.9% for "I�m afraid a lot" and 9.6% for "I'm afraid so much". And finally, the variable, "filling a tooth" was in the fourth class with the frequency rates of 51.2% for "I'm not afraid at all", 26.7% for "I'm afraid a little", 11.2% for "I'm afraid somewhat" 4.6% for "I�m afraid a lot" and 6.2% for "I'm afraid so much".
 3.4. Mean scores for child fear 
The mean score for fear of all children was 21.66 with a standard deviation of 8.33, the lowest fear score was 13 and the highest was 58.
  3.4.1. Fear of children and age 
The mean score of fear in children aged 7 years was 24.08 with a standard deviation of 11.1 and in children with 11 years old were 9.8 with a standard deviation of 5.1. In the regression model for this variable a regression coefficient of 0.076 was obtained (P value=0.022).
  3.4.2. Children's Fear and Gender 
The mean scores of children dental fear in the girls and boys were 21.4 and 21.8 respectively. In the regression model for this variable P value < 0.05. 
  3.4.3. Children's Fear and their mentality from father's fear 
83.3% of children thought that their father did not dental fear at all, and only 1.2% thought their father was afraid of a lot. The regression model for this variable was found to be significant in the option "afraid a lot" (P value<0.001) and the correlation coefficient was calculated 19.75.
  3.4.4. Children's fear and their mentality about the amount of mother's fear  
67.9% of children thought their mothers are not afraid of dentistry at all, and only 4.6% thought their mother was afraid a lot of dentistry. The regression model for this variable was P value> 0.05. 
  3.4.5. Children's fear and their mentality about the amount of their best friend's fear  
31.2% of children thought that their best friend is not afraid of dentistry at all, and 25.8% , and 11.7% thought their best friend was afraid of dentistry. The regression model for this variable was P value> 0.05.
  3.4.6. Children's fears and preferring the dentist, Gentleman or lady 
There was no significant difference between the scores of children's dental fear and their preference for choosing between the male and female dentist. The mean scores of fear in children who liked the female dentist or the male one were 22.67 and 18.88 respectively. In general, 60.4% of children wanted to have a female dentist. The regression model for this variable was not significant (P value> 0.05).
  3.4.7. Fear of children and the history of visiting the dentist
The association between the scores of children's fear of dentistry and their history of visiting the dentist with independent t-test showed a significant relationship between fear scores with the history of meeting with the dentist (P value= 0.001). Table 3 shows the frequency rates of children with a history of visiting the dentist.
 3.5. Regression with variables dependent on the CFSS-DS score
Regression model was used for fear score as dependent variable and independent variables contain child's age, child gender, parental education, household income, child mentality from the fear of parents and her (or his) best friend, and preferred the dentist, a gentleman or a lady. Based on the results of table 4, we conclude that the results are generally significant (P value = 0.0007 and F = 2.22). In the other words, there was an appropriate relationship between independent and dependent variables. The fear score in the "age" and �the child�s mentality from the father�s fear� groups were varied.
The result of the regression test showed that the age of the child and his mentality of father's high fear are related to more dental fear in the child. 
4. Discussion
Despite the use of pain reduction strategies in dental sessions and increasing the awareness of dentists about the importance of making trust in patients, dental fear still remains a major problem for dental staff and patients (3, 27). Fear of dentistry in children has long-term consequences (28), may result in high costs for both the family and the community, and even may reduce the mental and physical health of children (4).
Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental fear and its effective factors by using CFSS-DS questionnaire in children aged 7-11 years who referred to the dental school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
 4.1. Mean fear score 
In the present study, the mean score of fear in children was 21.66 (on the scale of 0 to 100, equal to 16.65) with a standard deviation of 8.33. The minimum score was 13 out of 13, and a maximum score was 58 out of 65.The results from other studies are not the same. In a series of studies, using the CFSS-DS questionnaire, the fear mean scores were higher than the scores in the present study. For example, a study was done by Boka V. et al. on the children aged 6-12 years old in Greece (2017) (29), or Beena J. P. et al. (2006) study on children aged 6-12 years old in India (30).
In a number of other studies, the mean scores of fear were lower than the present study. This included a study by JB Krikken et al was done in 2013 in Dutch on the children aged 7-11 years old (31). As well as another study on Iranian children aged 6-12 years old by Paryab M. et al. (2013) in Zahedan (32).
�Some studies have also reported the mean score of fear almost as the same as the present study. For example, in a study was conducted by Wogelious et al., on children aged 6-8 years old in Denmark in 2003, the mean score of CFSS-DS was 23.8 (on a scale of 0 Up to 100 equal 14.46) and with Cronbach's alpha 0.85, reported that it had similarity to other studies in Sweden, the Netherlands and Finland (24, 33-35).
It seems that the wide range of mean scores in different studies seems to be related to cultural differences between countries and the existence or absence of oral and dental care services in a particular country, such as developing countries such as India and China, and Or Bosnia. In these countries, often, instead of being taken to a health center for prevention, they are taken to the dental center when they need aggressive treatment or when they have a child. Therefore, the continuation of dental treatment will only increase the fear of successive sessions for the sole reason of pain that leads to painful treatments themselves (36-39).
 4.2. Most scary cases in children dental fear 
In the present study, in the CFSS-DS questions, the most cases that children afraid more of were first "injection" and then "seeing the dental drill" and, shortly thereafter, "choking feeling" and, finally, "filling the tooth". The most cases which children were afraid less of were first, "people with white coats", then "doctors", and shortly thereafter, "opening the mouth for examination" and finally "cleaning the teeth by the dentist".
The results of the present study are almost identical to the previous ones. For example, the study which had been done on the 6-12 years old Indian children in 2013, the highest fear scores were reported for "injections" , "choking feeling", and "tooth extraction" as first to third cases, respectively(30). In another study was done on 8-10 years old Estonian children in 2013, "injection" and "tooth extraction" cases were reported (40). The results of a study in Japan which have been done by Nahai Y. et al., in 2005, stated that "injections", "strangulation feeling", "touching by strangers", and "dental drills" were the most commonly scary cases (41). The cases such as "seeing, feeling and fear of needle pain" and "tooth extraction" were frequently identified as the most stress-triggering stimuli for anxious children in dentistry (42-44).
 4.3 Children fear and the age
In the present study, there was a significant correlation between children fear scores and age. As the age increased, the fear of children decreased.
Along with the present study, other studies which had been used from the CFSS-DS questionnaire have reported that younger children had more dental fear than older children (10, 22, 33, 34, 46, 75). Also, in a study on Iranian children aged between 6 and 12 years old which were done by Paryab M. et al., 2013, the prevalence of severe fears was reported in the 6-7 age groups, more than 8-12 years old. Also, Paryab M. reported that the age of the child and regular visits to the dentist can be predictive factors for child dental fear. (32). Contrary to the studies mentioned, there is no significant difference in some other studies (22, 24, 35, 41, 46, and 47).
In many studies, childhood fears are often associated with evolutionary changes in children, and it seems that the prevailing nature of fear in the life of children is dependent on their age (48, 49). Most of the age-evolutionary features of fears decrease or disappear as children grow older, as the power of the ego (Ego) and cognitive ability (the ability to predict, perceive and control emotions) (11) increases, as a result for the child to be able to adapt sufficiently (50).
Due to the existence of studies with different results, it seems that further studies should be carried out on this variable in a wider age range. 
 4.4. Children's Fear and gender 
In the present study, there was no relationship between child fear score and gender. These results are consistent with many other studies (10, 29, 32, and 33). However, in some articles, dental anxiety score in the girls was more than boys based on mean scores of fear (21, 24, 35, 40, 42, 45, 51, 53, and 55). However, in contrast to the results, in other studies, higher scores were reported in boys aged 9-11 years (22, 54).
It seems that the underlying factors can lead the child's talent to make fear. General fears especially are highly correlated with fear of dentistry (21, 53, 55-57). Probably gender is one of these underlying factors, because women tend to report a higher level of dental fear (10, 53, 56, and 58). This tendency may be due to the biological diversities. On the other hand, gender differences may only reflect a contradiction in response, since it is more socially acceptable for girls to fear (10), also, girls and young children show their feelings more and express their fear more freely than boys. These differences can be due to cultural factors and their structures (19, 40).
 4. 5. Children fear and their mentalities about their father's, mother's and best friend's dental fear
In the present study, in the regression model, a significant relationship was found between the child's mentalities about the father's dental fear with the level of fear in the child. However, while 67.9% of children thought that their mothers were "not afraid of dentistry" and only 4.6% thought their mother was "very afraid of dentistry", there was not any significant relationship between the level of fear in children and the children's mentality about their mother's fear. Also, there was no significant relationship between the child's mindset about the fear of the best friend in the regression model.
Interestingly, there is no other study on the relationship between the child's fear and her (or his) mentality about the father's or best friend's fear. Maybe, it is due to this fact that in general, the mother is known as the most important person to have concern about the child. Our results conform to the study of Townend et al., which was conducted in 2000 on children aged 7-14 years old. In this study, even the children, who their mothers were anxious about dentistry, believed that their mothers were "not at all worried" (giving 1 out of 10 modeling answers). In addition, in this study, there was no evidence that children had acquired fear from their mothers through information. It seems that the high level of temporary anxiety of mothers during dentistry sessions is a sign of mother�s sympathy with her child�s anxiety and nothing else. The fact that most children believed that their mother "is not afraid at all" is supported the "childhood ignorance of mother's feelings" theory (10).
 4.6. Children's fears and preferring the dentist, gentleman or lady 
In the present study, there was no significant difference between the scores of children's dental fear and their preference for choosing between male and female dentist. But 60.4% of children liked their dentist be a lady. 
In a study conducted in Istanbul (Turkey) in 2014, 84% of children aged 6 to 12 years old reported that they preferred to have female dentists (59). Also, in a study reported by Asokan A. and his colleagues in 2017 on children aged 12-12 years old, it was found that 66% of anxious children preferred female dentist, but in the non-anxious children group, there was no significant difference in preferring the dentist. This suggests that anxious children may tend to choose a female dentist (60).
 4.7. Dental fear and the history of visiting the dentist
In the present study, there was a significant correlation between the scores of children's dental fear and the history of visiting the dentist. Also, about 96% of children had a history of dental treatment sessions and only 4% had not yet referred to dentistry.
It seems that children, themselves can indirectly influence the appointment times with a dentist. Because, there is evidence that parents who failed to successfully deliver their children to a dentist, believed that the dangers which they feel about their children's dental anxiety were the causes of their failure (43, 61). Therefore, parents should be trained to learn the useful and inappropriate ways to manage their children's anxiety symptoms and behaviors. For example, parents should learn that, although, they should not put pressure on the child to be in a frightening state, but they should not help avoiding going to dentistry by letting the child be away from the frightening stimulus (43, 62).
As a conclusion, the present study showed that in the community survey, children's fears level with the CFSS-DS score had better place than those in developing countries, such as India and Bosnia etc. Also, the level of fear almost equals with Scandinavian countries. It was shown that children had more fear from "injection" among other factors in the dental center. On the other hand, factors such as "the age of the child", "the history of previous visits to the dentist" and the "child's mentality about high father's fear" may be important factors in the fear of children. Therefore, proper knowledge of these factors can help to find the ways for reducing the child's fears and preventing long-term consequences and reducing future costs.
Conflicts of interest: The authors have not conflict of interest concerning the publication of this paper.

References:
1. Loker D, Thomson WM, Poulton R. Onset of and patterns of change in dental anxiety in adolescence and early adulthood: a birth cohort study. Community Dent Health 2001; 18: 99-104.
2. Locker D, Linddell A, Dempster L, Shapiro D. Age of onset of dental anxiety. J Dent Res 1999; 78: 790-796.
3. Armfield JM., e. a. Dental Fear in Australia: Who�s afraid of the Dentist?. Australian Dental Journal 2006; 51(1): 78-85.
4. Themessl-Huber M, Freeman R, Humphris G, McGillivray S, Terzi N. Empirical evidence of the relationship between parental and child dental fear: a structural rewiew and meta-analysis. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 83-101.
5. Hakeberg M, Berggren U, Grondahl H-G. A radiographic study of dental health in adult pations with dental anxiety. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1993; 21: 27-30.
6. Klingberg G, Berggren U, Carlsson SG, Noren JG. Child dental fear: cause-related factors and clinical effects. Eur J Oral Sci 1995; 103: 405-412.
7. Suprabha BS, Rao A, Choudhary Sh, Shenoy R. Child dental fear and behavior: The role of enviromental factors in a hospital cohort. J Indian Society of Pedodontics & preventive Dent 2011; 29(2): 95-101.
8. Freeman R. Dental anxiety: a multifactorial etiology. Br Dent J 1985; 159: 406-408.
9. Brand AA. Some sources of children�s fears in the dental situation. J Dent Assoc South Afr 1976; 31: 5-8.
10. Townend E, Dimigen G. Fung D. A clinical study of child dental anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2000; 38: 31-46.
11. Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE. Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. Boston: Mosby. 2011.
12. Milgrom P, Weinstein P. Dental fears in general practice: new guidelines for assessment and treatment. International Dental J 1993; 43(3): 288-93.
13. Folayan MO, Idehen EE, Ojo OO. Identified factors in child-dentist relationship important for the management of dental anxiety in Nigerian children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2004; 5: 225-232.
14. Moore R, Birn H. Phenomenon of dental fear. Tandlaegebladet 1990; 94(2): 34-41.
15. Abrahamsson KH, Berggen U, Hallberg L, Carlsson SG. Dental phobic patients�s view of dental anxiety and experiences in dental care: a qualitative study. Scand J Caring Sci 2002; 16(2): 188-196.
16. Bouma J, Uitenbroek D, Westert G, Schaub RM, van de Poel F. Pathways to full mouth extraction. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1987; 15(6): 301-305.
17. Weinstein P. Breaking the worldwide cycle of pain, fear and avoidance: uncovering risk factors and promoting prevention. Ann Behav Med 1990; 12: 141-147.
18. Thomson WM, Stewart JF, Carter KD, Spencer AJ. Dental anxiety among Australians. Int Dent J 1996; 46(4): 320-324.
19. Schuller AA, Willumsen T, Holst D. Are there differences in oral health and oral health behavior between individuals with high and low dental fear?. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003; 31(2): 116-121.
20. Nicolas E., e. a. Factors affecting dental fear in French children aged 5-12 years. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2015; 20: 366-373.
21.  Milgrom P., e. a. Origins of childhood dental fears. Pergamon Behav Res Ther 1995; 3: 313-319.
22. Klingberg G., e. a. Dental fear/anxiety and dental behavior management problems in children and adolescent: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2007; 17: 391-406.
23. Goettems ML., e. a. Children�s use of dental services: influence of maternal dental anxiety, attendance pattern, and perception of children�s quality of life. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2012; Doi:10.1111/i.1600_0528.2012.00694.x
24. Alvesalo I., e. a. The Dental Fear Survey Schedule: a study with Finnish children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1993; 3: 193-198.
25. Gholami M, Razeghi S, Safari S, Shamshiri A. Development of Persian version of the CFSS-DS in 8-12 year-old- girl student in district 6, Tehran. Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Dentistry. Thesis No: 6128.
26. Luoto A., e. a. Can parents and children evaluate each other�s dental fear?. European Journal of Oral Sciences 2010; 118: 254-258.
27. Smith TA, Heaton LJ. Fear of dental care: are we making any progress?. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 134(8): 1101-1108.
28. Lindsay SJ, Humphris G, Barnby GJ. Expectations and preferences for routine dentistry in anxious adult patients. Br Dent J 1987; 163(4): 120-124.
29. Boka V, Arapostathis K, Karagiannis V, Kotsanos N, van Loveren C, Veerkamp J. Dental fear and caries in 6-12 year old children in Greece. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2017; 18(1): 45-50.
30. Beena JP. Dental subscale of children�s fear survey schedule and dental caries prevalence. Eur J Dent 2013; 7(2): 181-185.
31. Krikken JB., e. a. Dental anxiety and behavior management problems: The role of parents. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23(2): 94-100.
32. Paryab M., e. a. Dental anxiety and behavioral problems: a study of prevalence and related factors among a group of Iranian children aged 6_12. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2013; 31(2): 82_86.
33. Wogelius P, Poulsen S, Sorensen HT. Prevalence of dental anxiety and behavior management problems among six to eight years old Danish children. Arca Odontol Scan 2003; DOI: 10.1080/00016350310003468
34. Klingberg G, Berggren U, Noren JG. Dental fear in an urban Swedish child population: prevalence and concomitant factors. Community Dent Health 1994; 11: 208-14.
35. Ten Berg M, Veerkamp JS, Hoogstraten J, Prins PJ. Childhood dental fear in the Netherlands: prevalence and normative data. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002; 30: 101-7.
36. Ma L, Wang M, Jing Q, Zhao J, Wan K, Xu Q. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Children�s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Inter J Paediatr Dent 2015; 25: 110-6.
37. Singh P, Pandey RK, Nagar A, Dutt K. Reliability and factor analysis of children�s fear survey schedule-dental subscale in Indian subjects. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev dent 2010; 28: 151-5.
38. Bajric E, Kobaslija S, Juric H. Reliability and validity of Dental Subscale of the Children�s Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) in children in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2011; 11: 214-8.
39. Pinkham JR. Personality development. Managing behavior of the cooperative preschool child. Dent Clin North Am. 1995; 39: 771-87.
40. Olak J, et all. Children�s dental fear in relation to dental health and parental dental fear. Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal 2013; 15: 26-31.
41. Nakai Y., e. a. The Children�s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale in Japan. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2005; 33: 196-204.
42. Tanni D, EI-Qaderi S, Abu Alhaija E. Dental anxiety in children and its relationship to dental caries and gingival condition. International journal of dental hygiene. 2005; 3(2): 83-7.
43. Porritt J, Marshman Z, Rodd H.D. Understanding children�s dental anxiety and psychological approaches to its reduction. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01208.x
44. Rantavouri K, Lahti S, Hausen H, Seppa L, Karkkainen S. Dental fear and health and family characteristic of Finnish children. Acta Odontol Scand 2004; 62: 207-213.
45. Raadal M., e. a. The Prevalence of Dental Anxiety in children from low-income Families and its Relationship to personality traits. J Dent Res 1995; 74(80): 1439-1443.
46. Ten Berge M, Veerkamp J.S.J, Hoogstraten J, Prins P.J.M. On the structure of childhood dental fear, using the Dental Subscale of the Children�s Fear Survey Schedule. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2002; 2: 73-78.
47. Ten Berge M., e. a. The etiology of children dental fear: the role of dental and conditioning experiences. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2002; 16: 321-329.
48. Ferrari M. Fear and phobias in childhood: some clinical and developmental consideration. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 1986; 17: 75-87.
49. Prins PJM, Wit de Cam, Goudema PP. Anxiety from the developmental psychology persepective. King Adolescent 1997; 18: 185-99.
50. Shim YS, Kim AH, Jeon EY, An SY. Dental fear & anxiety and dental pain in children and adolescents; a systemic review. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2015; 15(2): 53-61.
51. Chellappah N, Vignehsa H, Milgrom P, Lam LG. Prevalence of dental anxiety and fear in children in Singapore. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 1990; 18(5): 269-71.
52. Alaki S., e. a. Dental anxiety in middle school children and their caregivers: prevalence and severity. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene 2012; 4(1): 6_11.
53. Murray P, Linddell A, Donohue J. A Longitudinal study of the contribution of dental experience to dental anxiety in children between 9 and 12 year of age. J Behav Med 1989; 12: 309-320.
54. Klingberg G. Reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Dental Subscale of the Children�s Fear Survey Schedule. Acta Odontal Scand 1994; 52: 255-256.
55. Cuthebert MI, Melamed BG. A screening device: children at risk for dental fears and management problems. ASDC J Dent Child 1982; 49: 432-436.
56. Bedi R., e. a. The prevalence of dental anxiety in a group of 13- and 14-year-old Scottish children. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1992; 2: 17_24.
57. Brown DF, Wright FAC, McMurray NE. Psychological and behavioural factors associated with dental anxiety in children. Journal of Behavioural Medicine 1986; 9: 213-218.
58. Lindell A. Personality characteristics versus medical and dental experiences of dentally anxious children. Journal of Behavioural Medicine 1990; 13: 183-194.
59. Munevveroglu AP, Akgol BB, Erol T. Assessment of the Feelings and Attitudes of Children towards Their Dentist and Their Association with Oral Health. ISRN Dent 2014; DOI: 10.1155/2014/867234
60. Asokan A, Kambalimath HV, Patil RU, Maran S, Bharath KP. A survey of the dentist attire and gender preference in dentally anxious children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2016; 34: 30-5.
61. Hallberg U, Camling E, Zickert I, Robertson A, Berggren U. Dental appointment no-shows: why do some parents fail to take their children to the dentist?. Int J Paediatr Dent 2007; 18: 27-34.
62. Hirshfeld BDR, Biederman J. Rationale and principles for early intervention with young children at risk for anxiety disorders. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2002; 5: 161-172.









Table 1
Statistical 
information
              OptionsAbsolute frequency
Relative frequency
(percent)7 years6527.08%8 years4719.58%9 years5824.17%10 years3815.83%11 years3012.50%Total number of children240100%















 Table 2                                            
Statistical 
information
              OptionsMean age
Std. DeviationMinimum of ageMaximum of ageAll children 108 months 
(9 years) 16.5184 months 
(7 years)143 months 
(11 years)Girls109 months 
(9 years) 16.3784 months 
(7 years)143 months 
(11 years)Boys107 months 
(8 years) 16.6384 months 
(7 years)143 months 
(11 years)


















Table 3

Statistical 
information
              OptionsAbsolute frequency
Relative frequency
(percent)Children fear mean scoreStd. DeviationWith the history23095.83%21.298.03Without the history104.16%30.2010.86



















Table 4
dependent variableOptionsRegression coefficient95% CIP valueUpper limitLower limitChild age-0.0761701-
0.0109325-
0.14140770.022Child genderGirlReferenceBoy1.6903383.948794-0.568120.142Father education levelIlliterateReferenceElementary-1.5700912.8585-15.99870.83Tips-2.0243512.63278-16.68150.786High school-1.1412314.33819-16.62070.885Diploma0.31338314.989-14.36220.966Academic-1.0022813.84868-15.85320.894Mother education levelIlliterateReferenceElementary-3.678656.377447-13.73470.472Tips-3.588626.554872-13.73210.486High school-4.011386.473407-14.49620.452Diploma-2.661927.152537-12.47640.593Academic-4.633575.463583-14.73070.367child�s mentality from the father�s fearI don�t knowReferenceHe doesn�t afraid at all-1.629113.663131-6.921350.545He is afraid a little-1.204755.28811-7.697620.715He is afraid somewhat-1.3259411.28418-13.93610.836He is afraid a lot19.7587130.375589.1418330child�s mentality from the mother�s fearI don�t knowReferenceShe doesn�t afraid at all3.55267610.02494-2.919590.28She is afraid a little4.00506310.66327-2.653150.237She is afraid somewhat7.14528316.07914-1.788580.116She is afraid a lot1.7736499.607826-6.060530.656Household incomeLowReferenceMedium1.10784.705221-2.489620.544Good1.0528385.070038-2.964360.606Great-5.900296.166558-17.96710.336child�s mentality from the best friend�s fearI don�t knowReference1-2.436340.787873-5.660540.1382-0.770122.441353-3.981590.63730.5035384.45147-3.444390.80242.6993766.67068-1.271930.182Preference the dentistLadyReferenceGentleman-3.797020.608641-8.202680.091No matter-1.526630.903537-3.956790.217
F( 20,   219)2.22Prob > F0.0007R-squared0.2346Adj R-squared0.1289Root MSE7.7773




 Table 1: Children age frequency 
Table 2: Frequency of children's means age
./BCETUVW�������Į��saP<&hB�ha5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ ha5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ#hQqhaCJH*OJQJ^JaJ&h�r\ha5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ$ha5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ'hQqhaCJH*OJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�r\ha5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ$h,G5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ$h05�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h,Gh,G5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ/�	t	�	�	
�
�F�()*+,-./012����������������������d�gd�_d�gd
�$��-D9DM�
����[$\$a$gda	d��<gdagda$a$gd0W^_efh�������������Ŵ�׊�vb�I01h�r\haCJOJQJ^JaJfHq�
����1hB�haCJOJQJ^JaJfHq�
����'hB�haCJH*OJQJ^J_H)aJ'ha5�CJH*OJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*hB�ha5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ'hQqhaCJH*OJQJ^J_H)aJ ha5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ#hQqhaCJH*OJQJ^JaJ$ha5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*hH%ha5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ��						6	\	c	s	t	u	w	�	�	�	�	�	�	
�п�������п�~sdsd]J;h
�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)$ha5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJhB�hahB�hafHq�
����hB�haB*phha5�H*\�hQqhaH* ha5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ#hQqhaCJH*OJQJ^JaJhaCJOJQJ^JaJ h�r\haCJOJQJ^JaJ1h�r\haCJOJQJ^JaJfHq�
����+haCJOJQJ^JaJfHq�
����





*
6
=
@
M
W
m
u
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
LVdeg����������������������������öì�����������������~o�o�h{Qh
�OJQJ^J_H)"h{Qh
�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�i�h
�OJQJ^J_H)hDh
�OJQJ^Jh
�OJQJ^Jh
�5�OJQJ\�^Jh,Gh
�5�OJQJ\�^Jh
�OJQJ^J_H)h,Gh
�OJQJ^J_H)"h,Gh
�5�OJQJ\�^J_H))��
�
�
�
�
�

.3EFQz�����������49Y_abgz���'(789H�������������������ĸĸ�������������嚄q�$hlQ5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*hS�hS�5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJh
wOJQJ^J_H)"h�H�h
�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�_OJQJ^J_H)h'h
�OJQJ^J_H)"h'h
�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h
�OJQJ^J_H)h�
�h
�OJQJ^J_H)*234567H���� ���& 2 t � e"��������������������d�gd�
0d�gdjBd�gdp*d�gd��d�gd�-�d�gdx*d�gd"]Td�gdS�d�gdlQd�gd
�H�����������"#$���	C����ǻ�������v�vcT��H�H�HTH�h"]TOJQJ^J_H)h�y�h"]TOJQJ^J_H)%hFh"]TB*OJQJ^J_H)ph�h"]Th"]TOJQJ^J_H)h"]Th�y�OJQJ^J_H)hFOJQJ^J_H)h�y�h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�OJQJ^J_H)hxWOJQJ^J_H)h�h�OJQJ^J_H)hS�OJQJ^J_H)hS�h"]TOJQJ^J_H)hS�hS�OJQJ^J_H)CDEGHKQS�������� ����������W\����������������ֻֻ���������������y�j^j�^�hp*OJQJ^J_H)h��hp*OJQJ^J_H)h��OJQJ^J_H)h��OJQJ^J_H)h��h��OJQJ^J_H)h�-�OJQJ^J_H)h�6!h�6!OJQJ^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�y�hFOJQJ^J_H)h�y�h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�y�h"]TOJQJ^J_H)h"]TOJQJ^J_H)$������	����
����  % & ) 0 1 2 T t �������Ⲧ⚲ʋ������lVlV�*h�
0h�
05�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ$hlQ5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJhlQOJQJ^J_H)h�
0h�
0OJQJ^J_H)h�
0OJQJ^J_H)h�e�OJQJ^J_H)hjBOJQJ^J_H)h"]TOJQJ^J_H)h�o�OJQJ^J_H)hFOJQJ^J_H)h�o�h�o�OJQJ^J_H)h��OJQJZ�^J_H)o(t u x y � � � � h!i!d"e"f"z"�"�"�"�"�"�"##���߾�������vg[g[gLg=h"]Th�i�OJQJ^J_H)hJ:hJ:OJQJ^J_H)hJ:OJQJ^J_H)h�i�h�i�OJQJ^J_H)"h�i�h�i�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�
0OJQJ^J_H)hlQhlQOJQJ^J_H)hlQOJQJ^J_H)h�
0h�
0OJQJ^J_H)"hlQhlQ5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�i�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"hlQh�
05�OJQJ\�^J_H)hc<$5�OJQJ\�^J_H)e"z"�#�$N&�&f'=,�-�-X/d/�/�/�0�0�1�1�56�������������������	d��gd�+:	d��gd�(�d�gd�(�d�gdE�d�gd�78d�gdc<$d�gd�-�d�gdHtd�gd�5�d�gd�i�#[#�#�#�#�#�$�$�$�$�$�$}%~%�%�%�%L&N&P&����ĵ������sd�X�I:hc<$5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h
<dOJQJZ�^J_H)o(h�-�OJQJ^J_H)h
<dhd�OJQJ^J_H)h
<dh�-�OJQJ^J_H)h
<dh
<dOJQJ^J_H)h�
0OJQJ^J_H)hHtOJQJ^J_H)hJ:OJQJ^J_H)hJ:hJ:OJQJ^J_H)h"]Th�
0OJQJ^J_H)h"]Th
<dOJQJ^J_H)h"]Th�i�OJQJ^J_H)h"]ThJ:OJQJ^J_H)P&T&V&Z&�&�&L'X'd'f'�'�'(((�(�(�)***%*&*�*�*�*�*;,<,����������|�p�����paUaUaUhE�OJQJ^J_H)h��h��OJQJ^J_H)h��OJQJ^J_H)h
<dh�-�OJQJ^J_H)h�-�OJQJ^J_H)h
<dOJQJ^J_H)hjBOJQJ^J_H)h
<dh
<dOJQJ^J_H)h�785�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�78h�785�OJQJ\�^J_H)hc<$5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�78h
<d5�OJQJ\�^J_H)<,=,@-A-�-�-�-�-�-�-�-W/X/d/�/�/�/|0~00�0�0�0����ʻ������x�i��]�iN<"h�q�h�q�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�(�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h� �OJQJ^J_H)h�y�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)*h�78h�785�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJh�78h�78OJQJ^J_H)h�78OJQJ^J_H)"h�78h�785�OJQJ\�^J_H)hc<$5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h
<dOJQJ^J_H)h�d�OJQJ^J_H)hE�hE�OJQJ^J_H)h0OJQJZ�^J_H)o(�0�0�0�1�1�1�1�2�2�3�3�3�3�4�4�5�5�5�5�56�6�6�6�6���ĸ������p�p�pd�Rp�@"h�y�h��5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�h�+:5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�t�OJQJ^J_H)h�+:h�+:OJQJ^J_H)h�+:OJQJ^J_H)ht�OJQJ^J_H)h�;Lh�;LOJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h�;L5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�q�OJQJ^J_H)h�q�h�q�OJQJ^J_H)h�(�h�q�OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h�q�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)6�6�6�78�8�8:S:;x;O<�</>q>�?@����������������	d��gd�!	d��gd� �	d��gd�y�	d��gd0	d��gd�@�	d��gd�`s	d��gdd�	d��gd�z�	d��gd��	d��gd��	d��gd�+:�6�6G7K7r7�7�7�7�7�7�7�78:8>8�8�8�8�8���������v�gXgLg@h�z�OJQJ^J_H)h�OJQJ^J_H)h�z�h�-�OJQJ^J_H)h�z�h�z�OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h��5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�h�z�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�+:OJQJ^J_H)h��h�OJQJ^J_H)h��h��OJQJ^J_H)h��ht�OJQJ^J_H)h��h��OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�ht�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)�8�8�8�9�9�9�9�9:::P:Q:S:
;;;;;";%;u;v;x;A<G<N<���Ͳ�͚�|m�mamU�|C|m�mam"h�y�h05�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�@�OJQJ^J_H)h�OJQJ^J_H)h�@�h�@�OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h�@�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�z�OJQJ^J_H)h�-�OJQJ^J_H)h�z�h�-�OJQJ^J_H)h�`sOJQJ^J_H)h�z�h�z�OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h�z�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�h�y�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)N<O<Q<�<�<�<�<�<== =&=0=1=>=?=b=h=q=t=w=x=|=}=�=�=�=�=
> >&>.>1>q>\?����ֲ֣�����������|��������mam�֣hd�OJQJ^J_H)h��h0OJQJ^J_H)h0h�-�OJQJ^J_H)h0OJQJ^J_H)h�-�OJQJ^J_H)h0h0OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�hW}Z5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�h�-�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�h05�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�z�OJQJ^J_H)"\?a?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?@t@z@9A:AuA{ABUB\B]B^B�B�������ʾ�������v�jTEhSfhSfOJQJ^J_H)+h�swh8#B*OJQJZ�^J_H)o(php0�h�OJQJ^J_H)h�!h�swOJQJ^J_H)h� �OJQJ^J_H)h��OJQJ^J_H)h�!h�!OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h�!5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h0OJQJZ�^J_H)o(h0OJQJ^J_H)h0h0OJQJ^J_H)h�06OJQJ^J_H)@^B�BC�D�E�EHBI�JhM�MRO�R�RYS�U����������������	d��gd�h�	d��gd�qx	d��gd�!	d��gd�0	d��gd�L�	d��gd��	d��gd<J	d��gd#�	d��gd�+:	d��gd�(�	d��gd� ��B�B�B�BCC�E�E�E�E�E�E�E�E�E
FF��Ҽ���|jXFjFj�:h��OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h<J5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�hjB5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�h#�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�h�y�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h#�OJQJ^J_H)h#�h#�OJQJ^J_H)$hO*�5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*hU|�hr/�5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*hU|�hU|�5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJh�OJQJ^J_H)h�(�OJQJ^J_H)F2F�G�G
HH�H�H5JZJ`J{J�J�JaMbMdMeMgMhMiM�M�M�MQORO����ʻ������֑�����ygXyXLh�D$OJQJ^J_H)h�D$h�D$OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h�D$5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�0OJQJ^J_H)h�0h�0OJQJ^J_H)h��h�L�OJQJ^J_H)h��OJQJ^J_H)h�L�h�L�OJQJ^J_H)h#�OJQJ^J_H)h�L�OJQJ^J_H)h#�h#�OJQJ^J_H)h��h#�OJQJ^J_H)ROSQTQ�Q�Q�R�R�R�R�RS
SSSS!SwS�S�S�S�U�U�U�UHXiXjX�X�X�X�X�������ͻ�������厂�paUah��OJQJ^J_H)h;N�h;N�OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h;N�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h2BOJQJ^J_H)h2Bh2BOJQJ^J_H)h�!h�h�OJQJ^J_H)h�!h�qxOJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h�!5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h�0OJQJ^J_H)h�!OJQJ^J_H)h�!h�!OJQJ^J_H)�U�WiX�X7Z�\I]�_�c�c�d�f�f�g�j�mnnn������������������$
��d@�x�a$gd�h�	d��gd�N�	d��gdc<$	d��gd�B�	d��gd�v�	d��gdjB	d��gd��	d��gd��	d��gd2B�X�X"Y(Y�Y�Y6Z7ZY[_[�\�\�\�\�\]]]]]]*]H]I]�]�]�_�_�`������Ǹ������|j|j|j|�j�[��Lh�P�h�P�OJQJ^J_H)hd�h��OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h��5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�hd�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)hd�OJQJ^J_H)hd�hjBOJQJ^J_H)hd�hd�OJQJ^J_H)h;N�OJQJ^J_H)h;N�hd�OJQJ^J_H)h;N�h;N�OJQJ^J_H)h;N�h��OJQJ^J_H)�`�`�`�`�`�`Xa[aRb]b^b_b�b�b�b�bQc_c�c�c�c�c�c�c�d�d�d�f�f�f�f���������廬������������v�gv�U"h�y�h�B�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�B�h�B�OJQJ^J_H)h�B�OJQJ^J_H)"h�y�h�v�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�y�OJQJ^J_H)h��OJQJ^J_H)h�v�h�v�OJQJ^J_H)h�v�OJQJ^J_H)h�P�h�v�OJQJ^J_H)h�P�hjBOJQJ^J_H)h�P�h�P�OJQJ^J_H)hjBOJQJ^J_H)�fvgwgxg�g�g�j�j�j�m�m�m�mnnnnn�����־�־��t�aK8$h�B�5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h�VYh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ$h�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJh�A�h�h�OJQJ^J-h�A�h�h�B*OJPJQJ^JmH	phsH	3hiUh�h�5�B*OJPJQJ\�^JmH	phsH	h�N�OJQJ^J_H)h�B�OJQJ^J_H)h�v�OJQJ^J_H)h�B�h�B�OJQJ^J_H)hc<$OJQJ^J_H)hQh�B�OJQJ^J_H)nnnWnvn�n�n�n�n�n�n�no+o-o8o9o:o�o�o�o����ЮК���Ю��s`M7M*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ,h�\kh�VY5�6�CJOJQJ\�]�^JaJ&h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ&h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^JaJh�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^JaJ h�VYCJOJQJ^JaJn�n8o�o�pSq�q�rsys�sVt�t�uv�v]w�wqx>y�y;z*{"|�|�}!~�~+����������������������������$a$gd�VY�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�oop�p�p�p�p�p�pHqJqSqTqUq�q�q�q�q�q�q�q�qnr�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�rss
s��ó�א�z��׳���׳��z���ó��z���i���z��׳!h�VYCJOJQJZ�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ'h�\kh�VYCJOJQJZ�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ)
ssSsjspsrsys{s|s�s�s�s�s�s�s�sUtVtXtYt�t�t�t���ڮڞ���ڮڞ�ڍn]I]&h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^JaJ h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^JaJ h�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ!h�VYCJOJQJZ�^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ �t�t�t�t�t�t�u�u�u�u�u�u�u�u�u�uvvv�v�v�v�v�v�v�v)wGwMwOw]w_w`w�w�w��̼����j�����j��W���j��W���j��W��$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJZ�^JaJ h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ&h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ"�w�w�w�w�w�wPx[xaxcxqxsxtx
y.y0y=y>y@yAy�y�y�y�y�y�y�y�y�y���Ǵ����Ǵ���n����\�I$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ #h�\kh�VYCJOJQJZ�^JaJ h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^JaJ h�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ!h�VYCJOJQJZ�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ�yz)z.z/z0z:z;z=z>z�z{{{{*{,{-{�{�{!|"|$|&|y|�|�|�|�|�|N}�}�}�����������w���w�����gTg$h�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ $h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ'h�\kh�VYCJOJQJZ�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ �}�}�}�}�}
~~~~!~#~%~j~l~|~�~�~�~�~�~
+-.�����ʷ������x�xbxLx�x������ʷ��*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$hDhh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ�����@�K�Q�R�`�b�c������������ցہ܁ށ���~���������2�H�N�P�Z�\�]�ك�������
����������ƄȄɄV���Ǵמ���Njממ��Ǵממ��Ǵמ�Ǵמ���Ǵמ���Ǵמ���Ǵ�$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ *h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ6+�`�����Z��Ƅ��R�׆r������<����T�ی\����W����M������������������������������$a$gd�VYV�s�y�{�����,�A�G�I�R�T���ņˆ͆ֆ׆ن9�a�g�i�r�t�u�ć������������ױ���ױ���ם����ױ������|kZ h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^JaJ h�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ 'h�\kh�VYCJOJQJZ�^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ"��������������:�h������)�/�1�<�>�?�ÊΊӊԊ֊�����۷��{���{�e�WF�{�{e�� h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^JaJ h�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ&h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ&h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^JaJ����������������$�A�F�G�I�T�V���ʌЌҌی݌:�J�P�R�\�^�׍����ڮڞ����Įڞ��ڮڞxbxLx�xb*h��h�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h��h�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h��h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h�\kh�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h�\kh�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ �������s��������������E�K�L�W�Y�����
������ɸ����o\�F���o�F���o*h��h�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h��h�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ&h��h�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^JaJ&h��h�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^JaJ h��h�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ h��h�VYCJ OJQJ^JaJ h�VYCJOJQJ^JaJ*h��h�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ$h��h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ����������������(�:�@�B�M�O�P���������m��������������.�4�6�A�C�D�ۓ�������������Ô^�r�x�z������!�'����ڮڞ���ڮڞ���ڮڞ��ڮڞ���ڮڞ���ڞ��ڮڞ��ڮڞ���$h��h�VYCJ OJQJ^J_H)aJ h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h��h�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ*h��h�VY6�CJOJQJ]�^J_H)aJ$h��h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ$h��h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ6���A������3�4�5�6�7�8�9�:�;�<�D�Q�]�������������������d��$Ifgd�agd�(�$d��a$gd�q�	d��gd�+:	d��gd#�	d��gd2B	d��gd�B�gd�h�$a$gd�VY'�(�3�4�5�6�7�8�9�:�<�D�s��׵��xiZNB2#h�;�h�(�OJQJ^J_H)h
c�h�(�5�OJQJ\�^Jh�s�OJQJ^J_H)h�q�OJQJ^J_H)hU|�hU|�OJQJ^J_H)h#�h#�OJQJ^J_H)h;N�OJQJ^J_H)h�VYh�VYOJQJ^J_H)Bh�}�5�B*CJOJQJ\�^JaJeh@mH	phr��@sH	Bh�h�5�B*CJOJQJ\�^JaJeh@mH	phr��@sH	$h��h�VYCJOJQJ^J_H)aJ*h��h�VY5�CJOJQJ\�^J_H)aJ]�s��������������������G���kd$$IfT�s��q�F��
	�
�	�	�	
t��0�������6������������������4�H4�
s4� � /� �a�yt�a�T$d��$Ifa$gd�as���)�9�:�A�m�n�����̘��*�Ùߙ>�G�I�S�V�_�b�k�l�q�y����������������������=�K����ǸǸ��ݸ��ݸ�����������x�g�g�g�g�g�g�!h�!�h�(�B*CJ^JaJphh�(�OJQJ^J_H))h�!�h�(�B*CJOJQJ^JaJph*h�!�h�(�OJQJ^J_H)h�!�h�(�OJQJ^J_H)h�(�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)"h�y�h�(�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�(�h�;�h�(�OJQJ^J_H)%h�;�h�(�B*OJQJ^J_H)ph(��������Öʖ�S����kd�$$IfT�s����F��
	�
�	�	�	
t��0�������6������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�T$d��$Ifa$gd�aʖ˖Ӗ֖ݖdSSS$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdN$$IfT�s��!�F��
	�
�	�	�	
t��0�������6������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�Tݖޖ���dSSS$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$IfT�s��&�F��
	�
�	�	�	
t��0�������6������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�T�������dSSS$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdv$$IfT�s��&�F��
	�
�	�	�	
t��0�������6������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�T���#�(�dSSS$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd
$$IfT�s��!�F��
	�
�	�	�	
t��0�������6������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�T(�)�*�+�,�-�.�/�0�1�2�dZZZZZZZZZ	d��gd�(��kd�$$IfT�s��+�F��
	�
�	�	�	
t��0�������6������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�T
2�3�4�5�6�7�8�9�n�{�����������ŗԗ����������������$d��$Ifa$gd�ad��$Ifgd�a	d��gd�(�ԗ՗��4##$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd2$$IfT�s����r���4%%Dc���
t��0�������6�������������������������4�H4�
s4� � /� �a�yt�a�T������!�,�������$d��$Ifa$gd�a,�-�3�?�J�P�@////$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd$$IfT�s����r���4%%Dc���
t��0�������6�������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�TP�[�e�q�|�}�����/�kd�$$IfT�s��!�r���4%%Dc���
t��0�������6�������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�T$d��$Ifa$gd�a}���������������˘��������$d��$Ifa$gd�a˘̘͘ΘϘИј@66666	d��gd�(��kd�$$IfT�s��&�r���4%%Dc���
t��0�������6�������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�TјҘӘԘ՘֘טؘ٘ژۘܘݘޘߘ������*�+�>�H�a�������������������������$d��$Ifa$gd�ad��$Ifgd�a	d��gd�(�a�p�q����#��kd<$$IfT�s��q�r����c3%����
t��0�������6�������������������������4�H4�
s4� � /� �a�yt�a�T$d��$Ifa$gd�a����������������/�kd
$$IfT�s����r����c3%����
t��0�������6�������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�T$d��$Ifa$gd�a����������™�����$d��$Ifa$gd�a™ÙęřƙǙș@66666	d��gd�(��kd�$$IfT�s��!�r����c3%����
t��0�������6�������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�Tșəʙ˙̙͙ΙϙЙљҙәԙՙ֙יߙ����� ����������������������$d��$Ifa$gd�a	d��gd�(� �!�"�#�$�0�@////$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdc	$$If�s4����r���A��$`<`<`<x`<
t��0�������6��������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a0�<�=�>����kd&
$$If�s4���ֈ���A}��$ < < <<< <
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a$d��$Ifa$gd�a>�H�I�T�V�`�b�l�r���������$d��$Ifa$gd�ar�s�����1  $d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�
$$If�s�ֈ���A}��$<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a��������������$d��$Ifa$gd�a��������/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdY$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$`<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a��������������$d��$Ifa$gd�a����њܚ/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aܚ��������$d��$Ifa$gd�a�����/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$`<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�����������$�$Ifa$gd�a����/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd
$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�%�.�7�=�����$�$Ifa$gd�a=�>�?�K�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�
$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aK�T�]�f�l�����$�$Ifa$gd�aK�l�v����������&�G�U�v�������͜,�M�e���������ҝӝ���P�p�����Þ����G�f�m���������%�'�)�J�L�N�n�p�r���Ƞ����������������������������������������������ߩ�ߩ�ߩ�ߩ�����ߡh��h��<�%h�!�h�(�B*OJQJ^J_H)php0�$*h�!�h�(�B*CJ^JaJph*h�!�h�(�OJQJ^J_H)h�!�h�(�OJQJ^J_H)!h�!�h�(�B*CJ^JaJph;l�m�n�v�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdI$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�av������������$�$Ifa$gd�a��������/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a��������������$�$Ifa$gd�a��›ٛ�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd}$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a���������$d��$Ifa$gd�a�����/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$`<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a����������$�$Ifa$gd�a� �!�&�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a&�/�8�A�G�����$�$Ifa$gd�aG�H�I�U�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdE$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aU�^�g�p�v�����$�$Ifa$gd�av�w�x���/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a��������������$�$Ifa$gd�a��������/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdy$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a������ǜ͜����$�$Ifa$gd�a͜Μ���/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a���������$d��$Ifa$gd�a���,�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$`<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a,�5�>�G�M�����$�$Ifa$gd�aM�N�O�e�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdA$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�ae�n�v��������$�$Ifa$gd�a��������/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a��������������$�$Ifa$gd�a������ӝ/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdu$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aӝܝ�������$�$Ifa$gd�a���'�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a'�1�2�3�4�����$d��$Ifa$gd�a4�5�6�P�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$`<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aP�Y�b�k�p�����$�$Ifa$gd�ap�q�r���/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd=$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a��������������$�$Ifa$gd�a������Þ/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aÞ̞՞ޞ�����$�$Ifa$gd�a�����/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdq$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a����������$�$Ifa$gd�a��-�1�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a1�;�<�=�>�����$d��$Ifa$gd�a>�?�@�G�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$`<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aG�N�W�`�f�����$�$Ifa$gd�af�g�h�m�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd9$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�am�v����������$�$Ifa$gd�a��������/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a��������������$�$Ifa$gd�a������/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdm$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a������������$d��$Ifa$gd�a����/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$`<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�
���%�����$�$Ifa$gd�a%�&�'�)�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a)�2�;�D�J�����$�$Ifa$gd�aJ�K�L�N�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd5$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aN�W�_�h�n�����$�$Ifa$gd�an�o�p�r�/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�ar�{�����������$�$Ifa$gd�a��������/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kdi$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a��������������$d��$Ifa$gd�a������Ƞ/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$`<<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�aȠѠڠ������$�$Ifa$gd�a�����/$d��$Ifa$gd�a�kd�$$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�����������$�$Ifa$gd�a���/(�gd���kd1 $$If�s4�ֈ���A}��$ <<<<<<
t��0�������6������������������������������4�H4�
s4�a�yt�a�&�+�,�5�<���I���kd� $$If�l�� �0���f|g�
t�
6`����0�6����������������4�4�
lB�a�yt�a$�$�&`#$/��Ifa$gd�a�$�&`#$/��7$8$H$Ifgd�a�&�+�,�5�<�=�G�N�O�]�d�e�n�u�v�{�ȡ�����������������������������̵����������̓��phdhdhdhd\X\h��jh��Uh�Yrjh�YrUh,Gh�s�OJQJ^J_H)U"h�y�h�(�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)h�(�5�OJQJ\�^J_H)$*h�d�h�(�B*CJ^JaJph,*h�d�h�(�B*CJOJQJ^JaJphh�d�h�(�CJ^JaJ!h�d�h�(�B*CJ^JaJph)h�d�h�(�B*CJOJQJ^JaJph<�=�G�N�u^I$�$�&`#$/��Ifa$gd�a�$�&`#$/��7$8$H$Ifgd�a�kdx!$$If�l�� �0���f|g�
t�
6`����0�6����������������4�4�
lB�a�yt�aN�O�]�d�u^I$�$�&`#$/��Ifa$gd�a�$�&`#$/��7$8$H$Ifgd�a�kd%"$$If�l�� �0���f|g�
t�
6`����0�6����������������4�4�
lB�a�yt�ad�e�n�u�u^I$�$�&`#$/��Ifa$gd�a�$�&`#$/��7$8$H$Ifgd�a�kd�"$$If�l�� �0���f|g�
t�
6`����0�6����������������4�4�
lB�a�yt�au�v�w�x�y�z�{���ȡT���ukkkkkkkkk	d��gd�(��kd#$$If�l�� �0���f|g�
t�
6`����0�6����������������4�4�
lB�a�yt�a
Table 3: The Frequency rates of children with a history of meeting with the dentist
Table 4: Regression with dependent variables on the CFSS-DS score









 PAGE   \* MERGEFORMAT 3




��������������������������������������������$a$	d��gd��$d��a$gd�q���������������������h,Gh�s�OJQJ^J_H)h�Yrh�8�h��jh��U�*h
q�mHnHu�*21�h:p�q��/ ��=!��"��#��$��%��������$$If�!vh#v�	:V�s�q
t��0�������6�5��	/� �4�H4�
s � /� �yt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v�	:V�s��
t��0�������6�5��	4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v�	:V�s�!
t��0�������6�5��	4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v�	:V�s�&
t��0�������6�5��	4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v�	:V�s�&
t��0�������6�5��	4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v�	:V�s�!
t��0�������6�5��	4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v�	:V�s�+
t��0�������6�5��	4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#vD#vc#v�#v�:V�s��
t��0�������65�D5�c5��5��/� �4�H4�
s � /� �yt�a�T�$$If�!vh#vD#vc#v�#v�:V�s��
t��0�������65�D5�c5��5��4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#vD#vc#v�#v�:V�s�!
t��0�������65�D5�c5��5��4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#vD#vc#v�#v�:V�s�&
t��0�������65�D5�c5��5��4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v#v�#v�:V�s�q
t��0�������65�5��5��/� �4�H4�
s � /� �yt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v#v�#v�:V�s��
t��0�������65�5��5��4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v#v�#v�:V�s�!
t��0�������65�5��5��4�H4�
syt�a�T�$$If�!vh#v<#vx#v<:V�s4��
t��0�������6�+�+�+�+�5�<5�x5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4��
t��0�������6�+�+�+�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s
t��0�������6�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v<:V�s4
t��0�������6�+�,�5�<4�H4�
syt�a�$$If�!vh#v|#v�:V�l� 
t�
6`����0�6���,�5�|5��9�B�yt�a�$$If�!vh#v|#v�:V�l� 
t�
6`����0�6���,�5�|5��9�B�yt�a�$$If�!vh#v|#v�:V�l� 
t�
6`����0�6���,�5�|5��9�B�yt�a�$$If�!vh#v|#v�:V�l� 
t�
6`����0�6���,�5�|5��9�B�yt�a�$$If�!vh#v|#v�:V�l� 
t�
6`����0�6���,�5�|5��9�B�yt�as���������666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>666666666666666666666666666�6666666666�666666666666hH66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666�62���� 0@P`p������2(�� 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p��8X�V~�������� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@$OJPJQJ^J_H)mH	nH	sH	tH	J`�J�qNormald��CJ_HaJmH	sH	tH	dBd�}��	Heading 4d��d�d@&[$\$5�CJOJPJQJ\�^JaJDA �D
Default Paragraph FontRi@�R0Table Normal�4�
l4�a�(k �(
0No List4�4
��0Header

�H�$6�/�6��0Header CharCJaJ4 @4��0Footer

�H�$6�/�!6��0Footer CharCJaJj��3jq��
Table Grid7:V�0������R�/�AR�}��Heading 4 Char5CJOJPJQJ\^JaJ`^@R`a0Normal (Web)d��d�d[$\$CJOJPJQJ^JaJPK!����[Content_Types].xml���N�0E�H���-J��@%�ǎǢ|�ș$�ز�U��L�TB� l,�3��;�r��Ø��J��B+$�G]��7O٭V��<a���(7��I��R�{�pgL�=��r���8�5v&����uQ�뉑8��C����X=��$␴�?6N�JC������F�B.ʹ'�.�+���Y�T���^e5�5�� ��ð�_�g -�;�����Yl�ݎ��|6^�N��`�?���[��PK!�֧�6_rels/.rels���j�0���}Q��%v/��C/�}�(h"���O�
����=������ ����C?�h�v=��Ʌ��%[xp��{۵_�Pѣ<�1�H�0���O�R�Bd���JE�4b$��q_����6L�R�7`������0̞O��,�En7�Li�b��/�S���e��е�����PK!ky���theme/theme/themeManager.xml�M
� @�}�w��7c�(Eb�ˮ��C�AǠҟ����7��՛K
Y,�
�e�.���|,���H�,l����xɴ��I�sQ}#Ր���� ֵ+�!�,�^�$j=�GW��)�E�+&
8���PK!�R%���theme/theme/theme1.xml�Y]��F}/�?�;�����l�ζ�MB��ql��Ɏ4F3ލ	��<
�i�C}�CiH�/��6�M!�wF�<c���%��d
�4:�Ι{��I��܏�s�NX�p��
���!�x�po�����p���,�
w��{e��.��;`��pC!�;�<�0���pm̒	8M&�Q���oD�B����]'F��1�!v�ҥ��tޡp.�4�I�ذP��aQ"��4q�m�0ψ��}�:qnA�����y��0�b��f�U���谤�L&�lR��J3�Tl�:�N�S�)a�)ݧߪ�����C��v�].x�y�sӗ?�@�o��E�@)��{^�x^�R|e_-4�^�+PHI|��.��r�\m3�g��}�[--��PP
Yu�)�,�j-B�X��R$H����8@���I�7E1�0\(��2��?O����4k���!���ÄLE������߼|�<zq�藓ǏO��:2��P<ѭ^���O?u�z���'_��\���g����+]�����x���7���������s�:>vn��B`2ǃ��,�!"�E3�p#9��G���Qd����;	H�
xuv� ��� ����0F[,�F᚜KsO�'3w�#�����vfS�Vbs�ؠy��X�	��p�5v��euw	1�z@�	�l,���i!b
I��jZ��2��|�9�������L$��Z�15�x��l.�(�z���m${�d��:\@�'�2�3œ�ln$�^-��@^�i?���D&��|�#�td�!��6l�ġ���B�"�&6�3�yy@��t�!�H��jp�U��*ye�Xry3�~{s:FXI
����O�5Y��[Y!}��S˪.��7b����d|n]�������6��71�.�
�t��n�/����w/�+���[�t��6���}��P�s���ںs�L�.J;�̊��i��N�	�$A��I������)�t2���L�m����x:��(}\-�i*��x����QC��Ju���Wl'�QyI@ھ
	m2�D�B���AR�4	��w¢naQ��`Բ���Ɂ
W�=0#x�B�d��T/����.3�-�F�>bY�L�%׭˓�KK��6Hh�f�P�Q=��h��)G�B�ms]_�Ԡ'C���ZѨ���ys
v��@c])h�7�Jه��i��c?FS�.���N���P$�
e�&\�Ӏ+�I� "'%QÕ���@c�!�[��pa��AV.9H��d<��Ӯ��H����VX�*��%�A�{����YrA��բ�px�SL�9"�:3�U��5�����U
��NC��(���p%�u��@;[���d��`���4�)��]�t#9M4W=�P�5�*f̰lk�<_��X-C��w�T��%��Ժ�}B�% �Y�,]�
A���̠&oʰ��Ũ�;�<��Y������۵�e=�:����z���x��T�V�=�Olpģ
/�gTp�J�� ��Ԟ$�
�E�ŭG�,!
�A�ozA�r����ye�����r���b�/ڭ�Ch,"��~�ͥ���|��E�o|}��o�.
Y�g��J^W__���__��R���V%W/7�9�ݪ��A��kW�j���Z���u��k��ҩ�*� �y���_��^����Z�k>\lc`�|,b�U�v���PK!
ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.rels��M
�0���wooӺ�&݈Э���5
6?$Q��
�,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@RN��;d�`��o7�g�K(M&$R(.1�r'J��ЊT���8��V�"��AȻ�H�u}��|�$�b{��P����8�g/]�QAsم(����#��L�[������PK-!����[Content_Types].xmlPK-!�֧�60_rels/.relsPK-!ky���theme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!�R%����theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-!
ѐ��'�	theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK]�
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<a:clrMap xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main" bg1="lt1" tx1="dk1" bg2="lt2" tx2="dk2" accent1="accent1" accent2="accent2" accent3="accent3" accent4="accent4" accent5="accent5" accent6="accent6" hlink="hlink" folHlink="folHlink"/>�������	***-W�
�HC�t #P&<,�0�6�8N<\?�BFRO�X�`�fn�o
s�t�w�y�}�V������'�s�K������QSTUVXYZ[]^_`bcdeghiklmnpqrstuvxyz{|~����2e"6@�Un+�]���ʖݖ��(�2�ԗ�,�P�}�˘јa�����™ș �0�>�r���������ܚ�����=�K�l�v������������&�G�U�v�������͜��,�M�e�������ӝ�'�4�P�p�����Þ����1�>�G�f�m����������%�)�J�N�n�r�������Ƞ�����<�N�d�u�����RW\afjow}�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������$&-!������������8�@�����������0�(	�
��B
�S����	?�/4ELW]qv����r>v>�>�>�?�?@@�@�@BHGHwK}K�K�K�W�Wo\u\ee+e2e�e�e�e�e;fCf�f�f�f�fUg[g�g�g�g�g�g�ghh8hAhVh_hohwh|h�h�h�h�h�h�h�h�hi	ii
iiCiOi�i�ifjij}j�j�j�j�j�jZkak�k�k�klll�l�l�l�l�l�l�l�lmmmm+m3mFmPm�m�m�m�m�m�m�m�m�mn=nFn�n�nPoSo�o�op'p�p�p�p�pqqqq$q(q?qHqrr.r6r&s.s�s�s�s�s�s�s�s�s�t�t�u�u�u�u/v3v7vCvGvRvVv^vfvmvqvyv�v�v�v�v�v�v@wCwdwkw�w�wx
x�x�x�x�x�xy~y�y�y�y�y�y�y�yjzrzwz�z�z�z�z�z�{�{�{�{c|h|i|m|�|�|�|�|�|�|,}0}=}@}�}�}�}�}v~{~
&��S�]�������������€̀���"�@�F����������������߃�����,�8�ބ����� �'�����e�m������"�����������ȇ͇ԇQ�U�ψو-�8�x����$�E�Q�V�[�`�d�����"�'�5�<���������ы؋܋�^�a�d�l����������
���,�0�O�R�_�a�b�d�e�g�h�j�k����������2�2KK�f�f�f�fp	p�t�tiuku�}�}z�|�[�]���_�a�b�d�e�g�h�j�k�����333333333333.7''�'�'�(�(�6�6�9�9�9�9<�<�6�8���^�_�k�����
F�-}=�w��-}=L�L�l�,��$��������������CQC'	jC�l�,L�L;iy�$�������������-<�V�wE7b�`��ya�l�,;iy-<�V�7b�`E����� 4�a�0�!,GK�u	�!Q<J�0�_'D08#{Qg �6!c<$�D$�V$p*x*�
0�06�78�B8�+:J:A>2BjBF/fF�;L�{MlQ*R"]TxW�VYW}Z�{]a
<dSf*5h,l�q�Yr�`sHt
w�sw�qx&}�h�S������d�r/��N��L�T��e�d��(��v��}��P��!��y���
�� ��#�U|�}^���#��H��,���0F�;N���q��o�� ��-��i����y�j��8�
���Bi��h���b��s��-��h��m����q��t���E�yS�
q��`��;�>��5�l��z�8;��B��@���O*��d�t��@�W�B_�_�a��@�66664Ș���@�&�P@��@��Unknown������������G��*�Ax�	�Times New Roman5��Symbol3.��*�Cx�	�Arial;�� �@B Nazanin7.���@�CalibriA���$B�Cambria Math"1���hV�a�V�a��{�N��{�N!�������0��Y��2�q���HX	�$P����������������������*R2!xx����Adminhoma rasuli����Oh��+'��0\�������	��
$
0<DLT�AdminNormal.dotmhoma rasuli2Microsoft Office Word@F�#@��yT��@��yT���{�����՜.��+,��0�hp|�������
���N�Title	

 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������	

�������� !"#$%&����������������+,8����/012345679������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Root Entry��������	�F�ڜ�T��.�Data
�������������,$1Table����������/WordDocument����4�SummaryInformation(������������DocumentSummaryInformation8��������Macros
 �}�T�� �}�T��VBA��������	 �}�T�� �}�T��dir�������������ThisDocument
�����_VBA_PROJECT������������$PROJECT����H�	
����
���� !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFG����IJKLMN��������Q�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������0*�	pH�d�ProjectQ(@=�
l	���A\0J<
rstdole>stdoleP
h%^*\G{00020�430-C
0046}#2.0#0#C:\Windows\system32\e2.tlb#OLE Aut�omation`�ENormal�EN�CrmaQ�F �	�*\C
��A\�!Offic�gOf�ic�g����!G{2DF8D04C-5BFA-101@B-BDE5�gAjA�e4�2�g��gram Files\CommonMicrosoft Shared\OFFICE15\MSO.DLL#��M 15 .0 Ob�� L�ibrary�%�"�xMSF�As>�MSF��Bs3@dD452EE1-E08F0A-8-02608C@4D0BB4dF�M20L'B �p�&�/;"1�D�|�~C�00}#0�B�#��0�@��8482529D-D85D-4863-BF40-3E3FC@C0861AI.Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\Wo`rd8.0[�/.xexd\�4�"��.E
����.`�M���"B���j�ThisDocumentG
�T��is"D@dcu�e�n���2���H�1u��"�,���""+�������������j�������������������������������x��ME���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������(S"����S����S"����<������(1Normal.ThisDocument����8���������(����������%����H�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������x������Attribute VB_Name = "ThisDocument"

�Bas�1Normal.VGlobal!�SpaclFalse�CreatablPre declaId�Tru
BExposeTemplateDeriv$Customiz�C�1�a��)	��*\G{000204EF-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}#4.2#9#C:\PROGRA~1\COMMON~1\MICROS~1\VBA\VBA7.1\VBE7.DLL#Visual Basic For Applications*\G{00020905-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}#8.6#0#C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office15\MSWORD.OLB#Microsoft Word 15.0 Object Library�*\G{00020430-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}#2.0#0#C:\Windows\system32\stdole2.tlb#OLE Automation*\CNormal*\CNormal��A\(*\G{2DF8D04C-5BFA-101B-BDE5-00AA0044DE52}#2.7#0#C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\OFFICE15\MSO.DLL#Microsoft Office 15.0 Object Library�*\G{0D452EE1-E08F-101A-852E-02608C4D0BB4}#2.0#0#C:\Windows\system32\FM20.DLL#Microsoft Forms 2.0 Object Library*\G{8482529D-D85D-4863-BF40-3E3FCC0861A4}#2.0#0#C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Temp\Word8.0\MSForms.exd#Microsoft Forms 2.0 Object Library�.E
���.`�M�����������A\0���������������������������������������������������������������jThisDocument0T5c39d05f��#ThisDocument����������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9$����B�K�������������`��&WordS1�VBA���Win16��Win32��Win64F�Mac���VBA6�#�VBA7�#�Project-��stdole�`���Normal�����Officeu���MSFormsC�ThisDocument<��	��_Evaluate��Documentj����` ��#��������������
������������������������������������������������ID="{BF94D29E-A605-47B8-BD86-6D9489060BD3}"
Document=ThisDocument/&H00000000
Name="Project"
HelpContextID="0"
VersionCompatible32="393222000"
CMG="D9DB28C82CC82CC82CC82C"
DPB="B2B043781D791D791D"
GC="8B897AA352A452A4AD"

[Host Extender Info]
&H00000001={3832D640-CF90-11CF-8E43-00A0C911005A};VBE;&H00000000
&H00000002={000209F2-0000-0000-C000-000000000046};Word8.0;&H00000000
ThisDocumentThisDocumentPROJECTwm������������O)CompObj������������Pr��������������������������
����	�F Microsoft Word 97-2003 Document
MSWordDocWord.Document.8�9�q

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit