����JFIFXX�����    $.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342  2!!22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222����"��4�� ���,�PG"Z_�4�˷����kjز�Z�,F+��_z�,�© �����zh6�٨�ic�fu���#ډb���_�N�?��wQ���5-�~�I���8����TK<5o�Iv-�����k�_U_�����~b�M��d����Ӝ�U�Hh��?]��E�w��Q���k�{��_}qFW7HTՑ��Y��F�?_�'ϔ��_�Ջt��=||I ��6�έ"�����D���/[�k�9���Y�8ds|\���Ҿp6�Ҵ���]��.����6�z<�v��@]�i%��$j��~�g��J>��no����pM[me�i$[����s�o�ᘨ�˸ nɜG-�ĨU�ycP�3.DB�li�;��hj���x7Z^�N�h������N3u{�:j�x�힞��#M&��jL P@_���� P��&��o8������9�����@Sz6�t7#O�ߋ �s}Yf�T���lmr����Z)'N��k�۞p����w\�Tȯ?�8`�O��i{wﭹW�[�r�� ��Q4F�׊���3m&L�=��h3����z~��#�\�l :�F,j@�� ʱ�wQT����8�"kJO���6�֚l����}���R�>ډK���]��y����&����p�}b��;N�1�m�r$�|��7�>e�@B�TM*-iH��g�D�)� E�m�|�ؘbҗ�a��Ҿ����t4���o���G��*oCN�rP���Q��@z,|?W[0�����:�n,jWiE��W��$~/�hp\��?��{(�0���+�Y8rΟ�+����>S-S����VN;�}�s?.����� w�9��˟<���Mq4�Wv'��{)0�1mB��V����W[�����8�/<� �%���wT^�5���b��)iM� pg�N�&ݝ��VO~�q���u���9� ����!��J27����$O-���! �:�%H��� ـ����y�ΠM=t{!S�� oK8������t<����è:a������[�����ա�H���~��w��Qz`�po�^ ����Q��n� �,uu�C�$ ^���,������8�#��:�6��e�|~���!�3�3.�\0��q��o�4`.|� ����y�Q�`~;�d�ׯ,��O�Zw�������`73�v�܋�<���Ȏ�� ـ4k��5�K�a�u�=9Yd��$>x�A�&�� j0� ���vF��� Y�|�y��� ~�6�@c��1vOp�Ig����4��l�OD���L����� R���c���j�_�uX6��3?nk��Wy�f;^*B� ��@�~a�`��Eu������+���6�L��.ü>��}y���}_�O�6�͐�:�YrG�X��kG�����l^w���~㒶sy��Iu�!� W ��X��N�7BV��O��!X�2����wvG�R�f�T#�����t�/?���%8�^�W�aT��G�cL�M���I��(J����1~�8�?aT ���]����AS�E��(��*E}� 2��#I/�׍qz��^t�̔���b�Yz4x���t�){ OH��+(E��A&�N�������XT��o��"�XC��'���)}�J�z�p� ��~5�}�^����+�6����w��c��Q�|Lp�d�H��}�(�.|����k��c4^�"�����Z?ȕ ��a<�L�!039C� �Eu�C�F�Ew�ç ;�n?�*o���B�8�bʝ���'#Rqf���M}7����]����s2tcS{�\icTx;�\��7K���P���ʇ Z O-��~��c>"��?�������P��E��O�8��@�8��G��Q�g�a�Վ���󁶠�䧘��_%#r�>�1�z�a��eb��qcPѵ��n���#L��� =��׀t� L�7�`��V���A{�C:�g���e@�w1 Xp3�c3�ġ����p��M"'-�@n4���fG��B3�DJ�8[Jo�ߐ���gK)ƛ��$���� ���8�3�����+���� �����6�ʻ���� ���S�kI�*KZlT _`���?��K����QK�d����B`�s}�>���`��*�>��,*@J�d�oF*����弝��O}�k��s��]��y�ߘ��c1G�V���<=�7��7����6�q�PT��tXԀ�!9*4�4Tހ3XΛex�46���Y��D ����� �BdemDa����\�_l,��G�/���֌7���Y�](�xTt^%�GE�����4�}bT���ڹ�����;Y)���B�Q��u��>J/J �⮶.�XԄ��j�ݳ�+E��d ��r�5�_D�1 ��o�� �B�x�΢�#���<��W�����8���R6�@g�M�.��� dr�D��>(otU��@x=��~v���2� ӣ�d�oBd��3�eO�6�㣷�����ݜ6��6Y��Qz`��S��{���\P�~z m5{J/L��1������<�e�ͅPu�b�]�ϔ���'������f�b� Zpw��c`"��i���BD@:)ִ�:�]��hv�E�w���T�l��P���"Ju�}��وV J��G6��. J/�Qgl߭�e�����@�z�Zev2u�)]կ�����7x���s�M�-<ɯ�c��r�v�����@��$�ޮ}lk���a���'����>x��O\�ZFu>�����ck#��&:��`�$�ai�>2Δ����l���oF[h��lE�ܺ�Πk:)���`�� $[6�����9�����kOw�\|���8}������ބ:��񶐕��I�A1/�=�2[�,�!��.}gN#�u����b��� ~��݊��}34q����d�E��Lc��$��"�[q�U�硬g^��%B �z���r�pJ�ru%v\h1Y�ne`ǥ:g���pQM~�^�Xi� ��`S�:V29.�P���V�?B�k�� AEvw%�_�9C�Q����wKekPؠ�\�;Io d�{ ߞo�c1eP����\� `����E=���@K<�Y���eڼ�J���w����{av�F�'�M�@/J��+9p���|]�����Iw &`��8���&M�hg��[�{��Xj��%��Ӓ�$��(����ʹN���<>�I���RY���K2�NPlL�ɀ)��&e����B+ь����( � �JTx���_?EZ� }@ 6�U���뙢ط�z��dWI�n` D����噥�[��uV��"�G&Ú����2g�}&m��?ċ�"����Om#��������� ��{�ON��"S�X��Ne��ysQ���@Fn��Vg���dX�~nj�]J�<�K]:��FW��b�������62�=��5f����JKw��bf�X�55��~J �%^����:�-�QIE��P��v�nZum� z � ~ə ���� ���ة����;�f��\v���g�8�1��f24;�V���ǔ�)����9���1\��c��v�/'Ƞ�w�������$�4�R-��t���� e�6�/�ġ �̕Ecy�J���u�B���<�W�ַ~�w[B1L۲�-JS΂�{���΃������A��20�c#��@ 0!1@AP"#2Q`$3V�%45a6�FRUq��� ����^7ׅ,$n�������+��F�`��2X'��0vM��p�L=������5��8������u�p~���.�`r�����\���O��,ư�0oS ��_�M�����l���4�kv\JSd���x���SW�<��Ae�IX����������$I���w�:S���y���›R��9�Q[���,�5�;�@]�%���u�@ *ro�lbI �� ��+���%m:�͇ZV�����u�̉����θau<�fc�.����{�4Ա� �Q����*�Sm��8\ujqs]{kN���)qO�y�_*dJ�b�7���yQqI&9�ԌK!�M}�R�;������S�T���1���i[U�ɵz�]��U)V�S6���3$K{�ߊ<�(� E]Զ[ǼENg�����'�\?#)Dkf��J���o��v���'�%ƞ�&K�u�!��b�35LX�Ϸ��63$K�a�;�9>,R��W��3�3� d�JeTYE.Mϧ��-�o�j3+y��y^�c�������VO�9NV\nd�1 ��!͕_)a�v;����թ�M�lWR1��)El��P;��yوÏ�u 3�k�5Pr6<�⒲l�!˞*��u־�n�!�l:����UNW ��%��Chx8vL'��X�@��*��)���̮��ˍ��� ���D-M�+J�U�kvK����+�x8��cY������?�Ԡ��~3mo��|�u@[XeY�C�\Kp�x8�oC�C�&����N�~3-H���� ��MX�s�u<`���~"WL��$8ξ��3���a�)|:@�m�\���^�`�@ҷ)�5p+��6���p�%i)P M���ngc�����#0Aruz���RL+xSS?���ʮ}()#�t��mˇ!��0}}y����<�e� �-ή�Ԩ��X������ MF���ԙ~l L.3���}�V뽺�v�����멬��Nl�)�2����^�Iq��a��M��qG��T�����c3#������3U�Ǎ���}��לS�|qa��ڃ�+���-��2�f����/��bz��ڐ�� �ݼ[2�ç����k�X�2�* �Z�d���J�G����M*9W���s{��w���T��x��y,�in�O�v��]���n����P�$�JB@=4�OTI�n��e�22a\����q�d���%�$��(���:���: /*�K[PR�fr\nڙdN���F�n�$�4�[�� U�zƶ����� �mʋ���,�ao�u 3�z� �x��Kn����\[��VFmbE;�_U��&V�Gg�]L�۪&#n%�$ɯ�dG���D�TI=�%+AB�Ru#��b4�1�»x�cs�YzڙJG��f��Il��d�eF'T� iA��T���uC�$����Y��H?����[!G`}���ͪ� �纤Hv\������j�Ex�K���!���OiƸ�Yj�+u-<���'q����uN�*�r\��+�]���<�wOZ.fp�ێ��,-*)V?j-kÊ#�`�r��dV����(�ݽBk�����G�ƛk�QmUڗe��Z���f}|����8�8��a���i��3'J�����~G_�^���d�8w������ R�`(�~�.��u���l�s+g�bv���W���lGc}��u���afE~1�Ue������Z�0�8�=e�� f@/�jqEKQQ�J��oN��J���W5~M>$6�Lt�;$ʳ{���^��6�{����v6���ķܰg�V�cnn �~z�x�«�,2�u�?cE+Ș�H؎�%�Za�)���X>uW�Tz�Nyo����s���FQƤ��$��*�&�LLXL)�1�" L��eO��ɟ�9=���:t��Z���c��Ž���Y?�ӭV�wv�~,Y��r�ۗ�|�y��GaF�����C�����.�+� ���v1���fήJ�����]�S��T��B��n5sW}y�$��~z�'�c ��8 ��� ,! �p��VN�S��N�N�q��y8z˱�A��4��*��'������2n<�s���^ǧ˭P�Jޮɏ�U�G�L�J�*#��<�V��t7�8����TĜ>��i}K%,���)[��z�21z ?�N�i�n1?T�I�R#��m-�����������������1����lA�`��fT5+��ܐ�c�q՝��ʐ��,���3�f2U�եmab��#ŠdQ�y>\��)�SLY����w#��.���ʑ�f��� ,"+�w�~�N�'�c�O�3F�������N<���)j��&��,-� �љ���֊�_�zS���TǦ����w�>��?�������n��U仆�V���e�����0���$�C�d���rP �m�׈e�Xm�Vu� �L��.�bֹ��� �[Դaզ���*��\y�8�Է:�Ez\�0�Kq�C b��̘��cө���Q��=0Y��s�N��S.���3.���O�o:���#���v7�[#߫ ��5�܎�L���Er4���9n��COWlG�^��0k�%<���ZB���aB_���������'=��{i�v�l�$�uC���mƎҝ{�c㱼�y]���W�i ��ߧc��m�H� m�"�"�����;Y�ߝ�Z�Ǔ�����:S#��|}�y�,/k�Ld� TA�(�AI$+I3��;Y*���Z��}|��ӧO��d�v��..#:n��f>�>���ȶI�TX��� 8��y����"d�R�|�)0���=���n4��6ⲑ�+��r<�O�܂~zh�z����7ܓ�HH�Ga롏���nCo�>������a ���~]���R���̲c?�6(�q�;5%� |�uj�~z8R=X��I�V=�|{v�Gj\gc��q����z�؋%M�ߍ����1y��#��@f^���^�>N�����#x#۹��6�Y~�?�dfPO��{��P�4��V��u1E1J �*|���%���JN��`eWu�zk M6���q t[�� ��g�G���v��WIG��u_ft����5�j�"�Y�:T��ɐ���*�;� e5���4����q$C��2d�}���� _S�L#m�Yp��O�.�C�;��c����Hi#֩%+) �Ӎ��ƲV���SYź��g |���tj��3�8���r|���V��1#;.SQ�A[���S������#���`n�+���$��$I �P\[�@�s��(�ED�z���P��])8�G#��0B��[ى��X�II�q<��9�~[Z멜�Z�⊔IWU&A>�P~�#��dp<�?����7���c��'~���5 ��+$���lx@�M�dm��n<=e�dyX��?{�|Aef ,|n3�<~z�ƃ�uۧ�����P��Y,�ӥQ�*g�#먙R�\���;T��i,��[9Qi歉����c>]9�� ��"�c��P�� �Md?٥��If�ت�u��k��/����F��9�c*9��Ǎ:�ØF���z�n*�@|I�ށ9����N3{'��[�'ͬ�Ҳ4��#}��!�V� Fu��,�,mTIk���v C�7v���B�6k�T9��1�*l� '~��ƞF��lU��'�M ����][ΩũJ_�{�i�I�n��$���L�� j��O�dx�����kza۪��#�E��Cl����x˘�o�����V���ɞ�ljr��)�/,�߬h�L��#��^��L�ф�,íMƁe�̩�NB�L�����iL����q�}��(��q��6IçJ$�W�E$��:������=#����(�K�B����zђ <��K(�N�۫K�w��^O{!����)�H���>x�������lx�?>Պ�+�>�W���,Ly!_�D���Ō�l���Q�!�[ �S����J��1��Ɛ�Y}��b,+�Lo�x�ɓ)����=�y�oh�@�꥟/��I��ѭ=��P�y9��� �ۍYӘ�e+�p�Jnϱ?V\SO%�(�t� ���=?MR�[Ș�����d�/ ��n�l��B�7j� ��!�;ӥ�/�[-���A�>�dN�sLj ��,ɪv��=1c�.SQ�O3�U���ƀ�ܽ�E����������̻��9G�ϷD�7(�}��Ävӌ\�y�_0[w ���<΍>����a_��[0+�L��F.�޺��f�>oN�T����q;���y\��bՃ��y�jH�<|q-eɏ�_?_9+P���Hp$�����[ux�K w�Mw��N�ی'$Y2�=��q���KB��P��~������Yul:�[<����F1�2�O���5=d����]Y�sw:���Ϯ���E��j,_Q��X��z`H1,#II ��d�wr��P˂@�ZJV����y$�\y�{}��^~���[:N����ߌ�U�������O��d�����ؾe��${p>G��3c���Ė�lʌ�� ת��[��`ϱ�-W����dg�I��ig2��� ��}s ��ؤ(%#sS@���~���3�X�nRG�~\jc3�v��ӍL��M[JB�T��s3}��j�Nʖ��W����;7��ç?=X�F=-�=����q�ߚ���#���='�c��7���ڑW�I(O+=:uxq�������������e2�zi+�kuG�R��������0�&e�n���iT^J����~\jy���p'dtG��s����O��3����9* �b#Ɋ�� p������[Bws�T�>d4�ۧs���nv�n���U���_�~,�v����ƜJ1��s�� �QIz��)�(lv8M���U=�;����56��G���s#�K���MP�=��LvyGd��}�VwWBF�'�à �?MH�U�g2�� ����!�p�7Q��j��ڴ����=��j�u��� Jn�A s���uM������e��Ɔ�Ҕ�!)'��8Ϣ�ٔ��ޝ(��Vp���צ֖d=�IC�J�Ǡ{q������kԭ�߸���i��@K����u�|�p=..�*+����x�����z[Aqġ#s2a�Ɗ���RR�)*HRsi�~�a &f��M��P����-K�L@��Z��Xy�'x�{}��Zm+���:�)�) IJ�-i�u���� ���ܒH��'�L(7�y�GӜq���� j��� 6ߌg1�g�o���,kر���tY�?W,���p���e���f�OQS��!K�۟cҒA�|ս�j�>��=⬒��˧L[�� �߿2JaB~R��u�:��Q�] �0H~���]�7��Ƽ�I���(}��cq '�ήET���q�?f�ab���ӥvr� �)o��-Q��_'����ᴎo��K������;��V���o��%���~OK ����*��b�f:���-ťIR��`B�5!RB@���ï�� �u �̯e\�_U�_������� g�ES��3�������QT��a����x����U<~�c?�*�#]�MW,[8O�a�x��]�1bC|踤�P��lw5V%�)�{t�<��d��5���0i�XSU��m:��Z�┵�i�"��1�^B�-��P�hJ��&)O��*�D��c�W��vM��)����}���P��ܗ-q����\mmζZ-l@�}��a��E�6��F�@��&Sg@���ݚ�M����� ȹ 4����#p�\H����dYDo�H���"��\��..R�B�H�z_�/5˘����6��KhJR��P�mƶi�m���3�,#c�co��q�a)*Pt����R�m�k�7x�D�E�\Y�閣_X�<���~�)���c[[�BP����6�Yq���S��0����%_����;��Àv�~�| VS؇ ��'O0��F0��\���U�-�d@�����7�SJ*z��3n��y��P����O���������m�~�P�3|Y��ʉr#�C�<�G~�.,! ���bqx���h~0=��!ǫ�jy����l�O,�[B��~��|9��ٱ����Xly�#�i�B��g%�S��������tˋ���e���ې��\[d�t)��.+u�|1 ������#�~Oj����hS�%��i.�~X���I�H�m��0n���c�1uE�q��cF�RF�o���7� �O�ꮧ� ���ۛ{��ʛi5�rw?׌#Qn�TW��~?y$��m\�\o����%W� ?=>S�N@�� �Ʈ���R����N�)�r"C�:��:����� �����#��qb��Y�. �6[��2K����2u�Ǧ�HYR��Q�MV��� �G�$��Q+.>�����nNH��q�^��� ����q��mM��V��D�+�-�#*�U�̒ ���p욳��u:�������IB���m���PV@O���r[b= �� ��1U�E��_Nm�yKbN�O���U�}�the�`�|6֮P>�\2�P�V���I�D�i�P�O;�9�r�mAHG�W�S]��J*�_�G��+kP�2����Ka�Z���H�'K�x�W�MZ%�O�YD�Rc+o��?�q��Ghm��d�S�oh�\�D�|:W������UA�Qc yT�q������~^�H��/��#p�CZ���T�I�1�ӏT����4��"�ČZ�����}��`w�#�*,ʹ�� ��0�i��課�Om�*�da��^gJ݅{���l�e9uF#T�ֲ��̲�ٞC"�q���ߍ ոޑ�o#�XZTp����@ o�8��(jd��xw�]�,f���`~�|,s��^����f�1���t��|��m�򸄭/ctr��5s��7�9Q�4�H1꠲BB@l9@���C�����+�wp�xu�£Yc�9��?`@#�o�mH�s2��)�=��2�.�l����jg�9$�Y�S�%*L������R�Y������7Z���,*=�䷘$�������arm�o�ϰ���UW.|�r�uf����IGw�t����Zwo��~5 ��YյhO+=8fF�)�W�7�L9lM�̘·Y���֘YLf�큹�pRF���99.A �"wz��=E\Z���'a� 2��Ǚ�#;�'}�G���*��l��^"q��+2FQ� hj��kŦ��${���ޮ-�T�٭cf�|�3#~�RJ����t��$b�(R��(����r���dx� >U b�&9,>���%E\� Ά�e�$��'�q't��*�א���ެ�b��-|d���SB�O�O��$�R+�H�)�܎�K��1m`;�J�2�Y~9��O�g8=vqD`K[�F)k�[���1m޼c��n���]s�k�z$@��)!I �x՝"v��9=�ZA=`Ɠi �:�E��)`7��vI��}d�YI�_ �o�:ob���o ���3Q��&D&�2=�� �Ά��;>�h����y.*ⅥS������Ӭ�+q&����j|UƧ����}���J0��WW< ۋS�)jQR�j���Ư��rN)�Gű�4Ѷ(�S)Ǣ�8��i��W52���No˓� ۍ%�5brOn�L�;�n��\G����=�^U�dI���8$�&���h��'���+�(������cȁ߫k�l��S^���cƗjԌE�ꭔ��gF���Ȓ��@���}O���*;e�v�WV���YJ\�]X'5��ղ�k�F��b 6R�o՜m��i N�i����>J����?��lPm�U��}>_Z&�KK��q�r��I�D�Չ~�q�3fL�:S�e>���E���-G���{L�6p�e,8��������QI��h��a�Xa��U�A'���ʂ���s�+טIjP�-��y�8ۈZ?J$��W�P� ��R�s�]��|�l(�ԓ��sƊi��o(��S0��Y� 8�T97.�����WiL��c�~�dxc�E|�2!�X�K�Ƙਫ਼�$((�6�~|d9u+�qd�^3�89��Y�6L�.I�����?���iI�q���9�)O/뚅����O���X��X�V��ZF[�یgQ�L��K1���RҖr@v�#��X�l��F���Нy�S�8�7�kF!A��sM���^rkp�jP�DyS$N���q��nxҍ!U�f�!eh�i�2�m���`�Y�I�9r�6� �TF���C}/�y�^���Η���5d�'��9A-��J��>{�_l+�`��A���[�'��յ�ϛ#w:݅�%��X�}�&�PSt�Q�"�-��\縵�/����$Ɨh�Xb�*�y��BS����;W�ջ_mc�����vt?2}1�;qS�d�d~u:2k5�2�R�~�z+|HE!)�Ǟl��7`��0�<�,�2*���Hl-��x�^����'_TV�gZA�'j� ^�2Ϊ��N7t�����?w�� �x1��f��Iz�C-Ȗ��K�^q�;���-W�DvT�7��8�Z�������� hK�(P:��Q- �8�n�Z���܃e貾�<�1�YT<�,�����"�6{/ �?�͟��|1�:�#g��W�>$����d��J��d�B��=��jf[��%rE^��il:��B���x���Sּ�1հ��,�=��*�7 fcG��#q� �eh?��2�7�����,�!7x��6�n�LC�4x��},Geǝ�tC.��vS �F�43��zz\��;QYC,6����~;RYS/6���|2���5���v��T��i����������mlv��������&� �nRh^ejR�LG�f���? �ۉҬܦƩ��|��Ȱ����>3����!v��i�ʯ�>�v��オ�X3e���_1z�Kȗ\<������!�8���V��]��?b�k41�Re��T�q��mz��TiOʦ�Z��Xq���L������q"+���2ۨ��8}�&N7XU7Ap�d�X��~�׿��&4e�o�F��� �H����O���č�c�� 懴�6���͉��+)��v;j��ݷ�� �UV�� i��� j���Y9GdÒJ1��詞�����V?h��l����l�cGs�ځ�������y�Ac�����\V3�? �� ܙg�>qH�S,�E�W�[�㺨�uch�⍸�O�}���a��>�q�6�n6����N6�q������N ! 1AQaq�0@����"2BRb�#Pr���3C`��Scst���$4D���%Td�� ?���N����a��3��m���C���w��������xA�m�q�m���m������$����4n淿t'��C"w��zU=D�\R+w�p+Y�T�&�պ@��ƃ��3ޯ?�Aﶂ��aŘ���@-�����Q�=���9D��ռ�ѻ@��M�V��P��܅�G5�f�Y<�u=,EC)�<�Fy'�"�&�չ�X~f��l�KԆV��?�� �W�N����=(� �;���{�r����ٌ�Y���h{�١������jW����P���Tc�����X�K�r��}���w�R��%��?���E��m�� �Y�q|����\lEE4���r���}�lsI�Y������f�$�=�d�yO����p�����yBj8jU�o�/�S��?�U��*������ˍ�0������u�q�m [�?f����a�� )Q�>����6#������� ?����0UQ����,IX���(6ڵ[�DI�MNލ�c&���υ�j\��X�R|,4��� j������T�hA�e��^���d���b<����n�� �즇�=!���3�^�`j�h�ȓr��jẕ�c�,ٞX����-����a�ﶔ���#�$��]w�O��Ӫ�1y%��L�Y<�wg#�ǝ�̗`�x�xa�t�w��»1���o7o5��>�m뭛C���Uƃߜ}�C���y1Xνm�F8�jI���]����H���ۺиE@I�i;r�8ӭ����V�F�Շ| ��&?�3|x�B�MuS�Ge�=Ӕ�#BE5G�����Y!z��_e��q�р/W>|-�Ci߇�t�1ޯќd�R3�u��g�=0 5��[?�#͏��q�cf���H��{ ?u�=?�?ǯ���}Z��z���hmΔ�BFTW�����<�q�(v� ��!��z���iW]*�J�V�z��gX֧A�q�&��/w���u�gYӘa���; �i=����g:��?2�dž6�ى�k�4�>�Pxs����}������G�9��3 ���)gG�R<>r h�$��'nc�h�P��Bj��J�ҧH� -��N1���N��?��~��}-q!=��_2hc�M��l�vY%UE�@|�v����M2�.Y[|y�"Eï��K�ZF,�ɯ?,q�?v�M 80jx�"�;�9vk�����+ ֧�� �ȺU��?�%�vcV��mA�6��Qg^M����A}�3�nl� QRN�l8�kkn�'�����(��M�7m9و�q���%ޟ���*h$Zk"��$�9��: �?U8�Sl��,,|ɒ��xH(ѷ����Gn�/Q�4�P��G�%��Ա8�N��!� �&�7�;���eKM7�4��9R/%����l�c>�x;������>��C�:�����t��h?aKX�bhe�ᜋ^�$�Iհ �hr7%F$�E��Fd���t��5���+�(M6�t����Ü�UU|zW�=a�Ts�Tg������dqP�Q����b'�m���1{|Y����X�N��b �P~��F^F:����k6�"�j!�� �I�r�`��1&�-$�Bevk:y���#yw��I0��x��=D�4��tU���P�ZH��ڠ底taP��6����b>�xa����Q�#� WeF��ŮNj�p�J* mQ�N����*I�-*�ȩ�F�g�3 �5��V�ʊ�ɮ�a��5F���O@{���NX��?����H�]3��1�Ri_u��������ѕ�� ����0��� F��~��:60�p�͈�S��qX#a�5>���`�o&+�<2�D����: �������ڝ�$�nP���*)�N�|y�Ej�F�5ټ�e���ihy�Z �>���k�bH�a�v��h�-#���!�Po=@k̆IEN��@��}Ll?j�O������߭�ʞ���Q|A07x���wt!xf���I2?Z��<ץ�T���cU�j��]��陎Ltl �}5�ϓ��$�,��O�mˊ�;�@O��jE��j(�ا,��LX���LO���Ц�90�O �.����a��nA���7������j4 ��W��_ٓ���zW�jcB������y՗+EM�)d���N�g6�y1_x��p�$Lv:��9�"z��p���ʙ$��^��JԼ*�ϭ����o���=x�Lj�6�J��u82�A�H�3$�ٕ@�=Vv�]�'�qEz�;I˼��)��=��ɯ���x �/�W(V���p�����$ �m�������u�����񶤑Oqˎ�T����r��㠚x�sr�GC��byp�G��1ߠ�w e�8�$⿄����/�M{*}��W�]˷.�CK\�ުx���/$�WPw���r� |i���&�}�{�X� �>��$-��l���?-z���g����lΆ���(F���h�vS*���b���߲ڡn,|)mrH[���a�3�ר�[1��3o_�U�3�TC�$��(�=�)0�kgP���� ��u�^=��4 �WYCҸ:��vQ�ר�X�à��tk�m,�t*��^�,�}D*� �"(�I��9R����>`�`��[~Q]�#af��i6l��8���6�:,s�s�N6�j"�A4���IuQ��6E,�GnH��zS�HO�uk�5$�I�4��ؤ�Q9�@��C����wp�BGv[]�u�Ov���0I4���\��y�����Q�Ѹ��~>Z��8�T��a��q�ޣ;z��a���/��S��I:�ܫ_�|������>=Z����8:�S��U�I�J��"IY���8%b8���H��:�QO�6�;7�I�S��J��ҌAά3��>c���E+&jf$eC+�z�;��V����� �r���ʺ������my�e���aQ�f&��6�ND��.:��NT�vm�<- u���ǝ\MvZY�N�NT��-A�>jr!S��n�O 1�3�Ns�%�3D@���`������ܟ 1�^c<���� �a�ɽ�̲�Xë#�w�|y�cW�=�9I*H8�p�^(4���՗�k��arOcW�tO�\�ƍR��8����'�K���I�Q�����?5�>[�}��yU�ײ -h��=��% q�ThG�2�)���"ו3]�!kB��*p�FDl�A���,�eEi�H�f�Ps�����5�H:�Փ~�H�0Dت�D�I����h�F3�������c��2���E��9�H��5�zԑ�ʚ�i�X�=:m�xg�hd(�v����׊�9iS��O��d@0ڽ���:�p�5�h-��t�&���X�q�ӕ,��ie�|���7A�2���O%P��E��htj��Y1��w�Ѓ!����  ���� ࢽ��My�7�\�a�@�ţ�J �4�Ȼ�F�@o�̒?4�wx��)��]�P��~�����u�����5�����7X ��9��^ܩ�U;Iꭆ 5 �������eK2�7(�{|��Y׎ �V��\"���Z�1� Z�����}��(�Ǝ"�1S���_�vE30>���p;� ΝD��%x�W�?W?v����o�^V�i�d��r[��/&>�~`�9Wh��y�;���R��� ;;ɮT��?����r$�g1�K����A��C��c��K��l:�'��3 c�ﳯ*"t8�~l��)���m��+U,z��`(�>yJ�?����h>��]��v��ЍG*�{`��;y]��I�T� ;c��NU�fo¾h���/$���|NS���1�S�"�H��V���T���4��uhǜ�]�v;���5�͠x��'C\�SBpl���h}�N����� A�Bx���%��ޭ�l��/����T��w�ʽ]D�=����K���ž�r㻠l4�S�O?=�k �M:� ��c�C�a�#ha���)�ѐxc�s���gP�iG��{+���x���Q���I= �� z��ԫ+ �8"�k�ñ�j=|����c ��y��CF��/��*9ж�h{ �?4�o� ��k�m�Q�N�x��;�Y��4膚�a�w?�6�>e]�����Q�r�:����g�,i"�����ԩA�*M�<�G��b�if��l^M��5� �Ҩ�{����6J��ZJ�����P�*�����Y���ݛu�_4�9�I8�7���������,^ToR���m4�H��?�N�S�ѕw��/S��甍�@�9H�S�T��t�ƻ���ʒU��*{Xs�@����f�����֒Li�K{H�w^���������Ϥm�tq���s� ���ք��f:��o~s��g�r��ט� �S�ѱC�e]�x���a��) ���(b-$(�j>�7q�B?ӕ�F��hV25r[7 Y� }L�R��}����*sg+��x�r�2�U=�*'WS��ZDW]�WǞ�<��叓���{�$�9Ou4��y�90-�1�'*D`�c�^o?(�9��u���ݐ��'PI&� f�Jݮ�������:wS����jfP1F:X �H�9dԯ���˝[�_54 �}*;@�ܨ�� ð�yn�T���?�ןd�#���4rG�ͨ��H�1�|-#���Mr�S3��G�3�����)�.᧏3v�z֑��r����$G"�`j �1t��x0<Ɔ�Wh6�y�6��,œ�Ga��gA����y��b��)��h�D��ß�_�m��ü �gG;��e�v��ݝ�nQ� ��C����-�*��o���y�a��M��I�>�<���]obD��"�:���G�A��-\%LT�8���c�)��+y76���o�Q�#*{�(F�⽕�y����=���rW�\p���۩�c���A���^e6��K������ʐ�cVf5$�'->���ՉN"���F�"�UQ@�f��Gb~��#�&�M=��8�ט�JNu9��D��[̤�s�o�~������ G��9T�tW^g5y$b��Y'��س�Ǵ�=��U-2 #�MC�t(�i� �lj�@Q 5�̣i�*�O����s�x�K�f��}\��M{E�V�{�υ��Ƈ�����);�H����I��fe�Lȣr�2��>��W�I�Ȃ6������i��k�� �5�YOxȺ����>��Y�f5'��|��H+��98pj�n�.O�y�������jY��~��i�w'������l�;�s�2��Y��:'lg�ꥴ)o#'Sa�a�K��Z� �m��}�`169�n���"���x��I ��*+� }F<��cГ���F�P�������ֹ*�PqX�x۩��,� ��N�� �4<-����%����:��7����W���u�`����� $�?�I��&����o��o��`v�>��P��"��l���4��5'�Z�gE���8���?��[�X�7(��.Q�-��*���ތL@̲����v��.5���[��=�t\+�CNܛ��,g�SQnH����}*F�G16���&:�t��4ُ"A��̣��$�b �|����#rs��a�����T�� ]�<�j��BS�('$�ɻ� �wP;�/�n��?�ݜ��x�F��yUn�~mL*-�������Xf�wd^�a�}��f�,=t�׵i�.2/wpN�Ep8�OР���•��R�FJ� 55TZ��T �ɭ�<��]��/�0�r�@�f��V��V����Nz�G��^���7hZi����k��3�,kN�e|�vg�1{9]_i��X5y7� 8e]�U����'�-2,���e"����]ot�I��Y_��n�(JҼ��1�O ]bXc���Nu�No��pS���Q_���_�?i�~�x h5d'�(qw52] ��'ޤ�q��o1�R!���`ywy�A4u���h<קy���\[~�4�\ X�Wt/� 6�����n�F�a8��f���z �3$�t(���q��q�x��^�XWeN'p<-v�!�{�(>ӽDP7��ո0�y)�e$ٕv�Ih'Q�EA�m*�H��RI��=:��� ���4牢) �%_iN�ݧ�l]� �Nt���G��H�L��� ɱ�g<���1V�,�J~�ٹ�"K��Q�� 9�HS�9�?@��k����r�;we݁�]I�!{ �@�G�[�"��`���J:�n]�{�cA�E����V��ʆ���#��U9�6����j�#Y�m\��q�e4h�B�7��C�������d<�?J����1g:ٳ���=Y���D�p�ц� ׈ǔ��1�]26؜oS�'��9�V�FVu�P�h�9�xc�oq�X��p�o�5��Ա5$�9W�V(�[Ak�aY錎qf;�'�[�|���b�6�Ck��)��#a#a˙��8���=äh�4��2��C��4tm^ �n'c���]GQ$[Wҿ��i���vN�{Fu ��1�gx��1┷���N�m��{j-,��x�� Ūm�ЧS�[�s���Gna���䑴�� x�p 8<������97�Q���ϴ�v�aϚG��Rt�Һ׈�f^\r��WH�JU�7Z���y)�vg=����n��4�_)y��D'y�6�]�c�5̪�\� �PF�k����&�c;��cq�$~T�7j ���nç]�<�g ":�to�t}�159�<�/�8������m�b�K#g'I'.W�����6��I/��>v��\�MN��g���m�A�yQL�4u�Lj�j9��#44�t��l^�}L����n��R��!��t��±]��r��h6ٍ>�yҏ�N��fU�� ���� Fm@�8}�/u��jb9������he:A�y�ծw��GpΧh�5����l}�3p468��)U��d��c����;Us/�֔�YX�1�O2��uq�s��`hwg�r~�{ R��mhN��؎*q 42�*th��>�#���E����#��Hv�O����q�}�����6�e��\�,Wk�#���X��b>��p}�դ��3���T5��†��6��[��@�P�y*n��|'f�֧>�lư΂�̺����SU�'*�q�p�_S�����M�� '��c�6�����m�� ySʨ;M��r���Ƌ�m�Kxo,���Gm�P��A�G�:��i��w�9�}M(�^�V��$ǒ�ѽ�9���|���� �a����J�SQ�a���r�B;����}���ٻ֢�2�%U���c�#�g���N�a�ݕ�'�v�[�OY'��3L�3�;,p�]@�S��{ls��X�'���c�jw�k'a�.��}�}&�� �dP�*�bK=ɍ!����;3n�gΊU�ߴmt�'*{,=SzfD� A��ko~�G�aoq�_mi}#�m�������P�Xhύ����mxǍ�΂���巿zf��Q���c���|kc�����?���W��Y�$���_Lv����l߶��c���`?����l�j�ݲˏ!V��6����U�Ђ(A���4y)H���p�Z_�x��>���e��R��$�/�`^'3qˏ�-&Q�=?��CFVR �D�fV�9��{�8g�������n�h�(P"��6�[�D���< E�����~0<@�`�G�6����Hг�cc�� �c�K.5��D��d�B���`?�XQ��2��ٿyqo&+�1^� DW�0�ꊩ���G�#��Q�nL3��c���������/��x ��1�1[y�x�პCW��C�c�UĨ80�m�e�4.{�m��u���I=��f�����0QRls9���f���������9���~f�����Ǩ��a�"@�8���ȁ�Q����#c�ic������G��$���G���r/$W�(��W���V�"��m�7�[m�A�m����bo��D� j����۳� l���^�k�h׽����� ��#� iXn�v��eT�k�a�^Y�4�BN��ĕ��0 !01@Q"2AaPq3BR������?���@4�Q�����T3,���㺠�W�[=JK�Ϟ���2�r^7��vc�:�9 �E�ߴ�w�S#d���Ix��u��:��Hp��9E!�� V 2;73|F��9Y���*ʬ�F��D����u&���y؟��^EA��A��(ɩ���^��GV:ݜDy�`��Jr29ܾ�㝉��[���E;Fzx��YG��U�e�Y�C���� ����v-tx����I�sם�Ę�q��Eb�+P\ :>�i�C'�;�����k|z�رn�y]�#ǿb��Q��������w�����(�r|ӹs��[�D��2v-%��@;�8<a���[\o[ϧw��I!��*0�krs)�[�J9^��ʜ��p1)� "��/_>��o��<1����A�E�y^�C��`�x1'ܣn�p��s`l���fQ��):�l����b>�Me�jH^?�kl3(�z:���1ŠK&?Q�~�{�ٺ�h�y���/�[��V�|6��}�KbX����mn[-��7�5q�94�������dm���c^���h� X��5��<�eޘ>G���-�}�دB�ޟ� ��|�rt�M��V+�]�c?�-#ڛ��^ǂ}���Lkr���O��u�>�-D�ry� D?:ޞ�U��ǜ�7�V��?瓮�"�#���r��չģVR;�n���/_� ؉v�ݶe5d�b9��/O��009�G���5n�W����JpA�*�r9�>�1��.[t���s�F���nQ� V 77R�]�ɫ8����_0<՜�IF�u(v��4��F�k�3��E)��N:��yڮe��P�`�1}�$WS��J�SQ�N�j�ٺ��޵�#l���ј(�5=��5�lǏmoW�v-�1����v,W�mn��߀$x�<����v�j(����c]��@#��1������Ǔ���o'��u+����;G�#�޸��v-lη��/(`i⣍Pm^���ԯ̾9Z��F��������n��1��� ��]�[��)�'������:�֪�W��FC����� �B9،!?���]��V��A�Վ�M��b�w��G F>_DȬ0¤�#�QR�[V��kz���m�w�"��9ZG�7'[��=�Q����j8R?�zf�\a�=��O�U����*oB�A�|G���2�54 �p��.w7� �� ��&������ξxGHp� B%��$g�����t�Џ򤵍z���HN�u�Я�-�'4��0��;_��3 !01"@AQa2Pq#3BR������?��ʩca��en��^��8���<�u#��m*08r��y�N"�<�Ѳ0��@\�p��� �����Kv�D��J8�Fҽ� �f�Y��-m�ybX�NP����}�!*8t(�OqѢ��Q�wW�K��ZD��Δ^e��!� ��B�K��p~�����e*l}z#9ң�k���q#�Ft�o��S�R����-�w�!�S���Ӥß|M�l޶V��!eˈ�8Y���c�ЮM2��tk���� ������J�fS����Ö*i/2�����n]�k�\���|4yX�8��U�P.���Ы[���l��@"�t�<������5�lF���vU�����W��W��;�b�cД^6[#7@vU�xgZv��F�6��Q,K�v��� �+Ъ��n��Ǣ��Ft���8��0��c�@�!�Zq s�v�t�;#](B��-�nῃ~���3g������5�J�%���O������n�kB�ĺ�.r��+���#�N$?�q�/�s�6��p��a����a��J/��M�8��6�ܰ"�*������ɗud"\w���aT(����[��F��U՛����RT�b���n�*��6���O��SJ�.�ij<�v�MT��R\c��5l�sZB>F��<7�;EA��{��E���Ö��1U/�#��d1�a�n.1ě����0�ʾR�h��|�R��Ao�3�m3 ��%�� ���28Q� ��y��φ���H�To�7�lW>����#i`�q���c����a��� �m,B�-j����݋�'mR1Ήt�>��V��p���s�0IbI�C.���1R�ea�����]H�6����������4B>��o��](��$B���m�����a�!=��?�B� K�Ǿ+�Ծ"�n���K��*��+��[T#�{E�J�S����Q�����s�5�:�U�\wĐ�f�3����܆&�)����I���Ԇw��E T�lrTf6Q|R�h:��[K�� �z��c֧�G�C��%\��_�a�84��HcO�bi��ؖV��7H �)*ģK~Xhչ0��4?�0��� �E<���}3���#���u�?�� ��|g�S�6ꊤ�|�I#Hڛ� �ա��w�X��9��7���Ŀ%�SL��y6č��|�F�a 8���b��$�sק�h���b9RAu7�˨p�Č�_\*w��묦��F ����4D~�f����|(�"m���NK��i�S�>�$d7SlA��/�²����SL��|6N�}���S�˯���g��]6��; �#�.��<���q'Q�1|KQ$�����񛩶"�$r�b:���N8�w@��8$�� �AjfG|~�9F ���Y��ʺ��Bwؒ������M:I岎�G��`s�YV5����6��A �b:�W���G�q%l�����F��H���7�������Fsv7��k�� 403WebShell
403Webshell
Server IP : 104.21.45.146  /  Your IP : 172.69.214.60
Web Server : Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)
System : Linux ip-172-31-19-221 6.8.0-1029-aws #31~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 24 21:16:18 UTC 2025 x86_64
User : www-data ( 33)
PHP Version : 8.1.28
Disable Function : NONE
MySQL : OFF  |  cURL : ON  |  WGET : ON  |  Perl : ON  |  Python : OFF  |  Sudo : ON  |  Pkexec : ON
Directory :  /efsdata/scitechnol.com/httpdocs/online-submissions/

Upload File :
current_dir [ Writeable ] document_root [ Writeable ]

 

Command :


[ Back ]     

Current File : /efsdata/scitechnol.com/httpdocs/online-submissions/7537-0-Manuscript-2018-09-24.doc
��ࡱ�>��	�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������U	�R�\�bjbj�n�n�2��a��a�~+�������..�����4�������hV���E"b�����F(n�4!6!6!6!6!6!6!$�$�]'*Z!���FF��Z!����T�!h h h �R����4!h �4!h h h ���������S�������h  !"0E"h �'b�'h �'�h ���h �����Z!Z!h ���E"�������������������������������������������������������������������������'���������.R�:	Running head: The use of rear seats during pregnancy 
The characteristics of pregnant women who use rear seats and factors associated with rear seat belt use in a suburban area of Japan

Shota Ogawa1			m15712001@gunma-u.ac.jp
Kunihiko Hayashi1		khayashi@gunma-u.ac.jp
Masahiro Itoh2			mito201333873@gmail.com
Hiromitsu Shinozaki1		h_shinozaki@gunma-u.ac.jp


1Gunma University of Graduate School of Health Sciences
3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi-City, Gunma 371-8514, Japan.
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Gunma Chuo Hospital
Send correspondence to: Dr. Hiromitsu Shinozaki, Gunma University of Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan; E-mail: h_shinozaki@gunma-u.ac.jp
Fax and Tel: +81 27 220 8970
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to detect high-risk pregnant women by examining the characteristics of pregnant women who do not normally use rear seat belts in automobiles during pregnancy among actual rear seat users in a provincial city of Japan.
Methods: We employed descriptive analysis of survey data by conducting a cross-sectional questionnaire survey at seven obstetric facilities in Maebashi. Anonymous self-administered survey data from 1,085 pregnant women were used in the analysis. 
Results: A total of 72.1% (782/1,085) of the women rode in the front passenger seat during pregnancy, and 27.9% (303/1,085) rode in the rear passenger seat. The percentages of nulliparous and parous women who used front passenger seats before and during pregnancy were 69.6% (536/770) and 30.4% (234/770), respectively. The percentages of those who used rear passenger seats before and during pregnancy were 3.2% (8/248) and 96.8% (240/248), respectively.
The factors associated with rear seat use by parous pregnant women before pregnancy and during pregnancy were having one child and educational attainment of a bachelor�s degree or above. The factors associated with starting, maintaining, or increasing regular rear seat belt use by parous pregnant women after pregnancy began were higher education, having one child, and the perception that seat belt use during pregnancy is compulsory.
Conclusion: These results suggest that targeting the health education of parous women and encouraging them to wear seat belts during pregnancy would be associated with an increase in the number of rear seat belt users in further longitudinal studies.
Keywords: Automobiles, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Education, Japan, Perception, Pregnancy, Seat Belts, Survey and Questionnaires
Introduction
A study of the general population in Japan found that the risk of death among rear passengers who did not use seat belts was about 3.8 times higher than that of those who were belted [1]. Another found that the risk of death for drivers and front passengers who used seat belts was about five times higher when the rear passenger was unbelted, suggesting that all car occupants should wear seat belts to protect themselves and other passengers [2].
Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of traumatic fetal injury in pregnant women [3�5]. Approximately 3% of mothers experience a motor vehicle crash during pregnancy [6]. Pregnant women in motor vehicle accidents have a higher risk of preterm labor, placental abruption, and cesarean delivery, while infants born to women who were injured during pregnancy have a higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight [3, 7, 8]. Another previous study reported that unbelted pregnant women were about three times more likely than belted pregnant women to experience a fetal death in crashes [5, 6]. Previous literature reviews have concluded that pregnant women should use seat belts to protect themselves and their unborn babies [9�11]. In Japan, the revised Road Traffic Act, which requires front and rear seat belt use, has been enforced since 2008 [12]. Also, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have, since 2008, recommended that pregnant women use seat belts [13].
However, the use of rear seat belts by pregnant women is much less common than the use of driver�s seat or front passenger seat belts [1, 14]. Recent studies have investigated the prevalence of rear seat belt use during pregnancy [15�17]. Among generational populations in 2017, the latest investigation evaluated the prevalence of rear seat belt use and demonstrated that use of rear seat belts was less than the use of driver�s seat or front passenger seat belts [18]. Meanwhile, on the subject of pregnant women, most study designs used self-reported questionnaire surveys that examined seat belt use before and during pregnancy [14�16, 19]. Some of these studies considered which seat position pregnant women used [16, 20], but the characteristics of pregnant women who used rear seats remained unclear. Comparisons of previous studies from before and after the revised Road Traffic Act was enforced in Japan show that seat belt use among pregnant women in the driver and front passenger seats increased after revision of the Road Traffic Act, but rear seat belt use remained low[12, 14, 15]. In order to promote rear seat belt use during pregnancy, it is important to directly approach pregnant women who normally use rear seats but do not normally use rear seat belts.
Two factors previously found to influence seat belt use significantly during pregnancy were having obtained information on correctly wearing a seat belt during pregnancy and the perception that seat belt use is compulsory during pregnancy [17, 21]. Countries that enforce laws requiring rear passengers to wear seat belts were found to have a higher prevalence of such use compared to countries without these laws [22]. Moreover, a comparative study on the enforcement of laws relating to seat belt use showed that countries that enforced laws requiring passengers to wear seat belts had a higher rate of seat belt use after the law had been enforced compared with before [23]. In Japan, the revised Road Traffic Act has enforced front and rear seat belt use since 2008 [12].
Because past studies rarely focused on the seat position of pregnant women, it is important to reveal the characteristics of actual rear seat belt users by inquiring of pregnant women who use rear seats and to promote the safety of pregnant women and fetuses. During pregnancy, it is especially important for mothers to use seat belts when riding in either the front or rear seats of cars to protect themselves and their unborn babies. We previously reported the frequency of rear seat belt use among pregnant women [17]. Our current study focused on the characteristics of pregnant women who ride in the rear seat of a vehicle and the related factors of increased rear seat belt use among pregnant passengers.
To increase rear seat belt use among pregnant passengers, it is important to determine the characteristics of pregnant women who normally ride in the rear seat of a vehicle; doing so will contribute to the safety of pregnant women and their fetuses, as well as the safety of front passengers. The purpose of this study was to detect high-risk pregnant women by examining the characteristics of pregnant women who do not normally use rear seat belts in automobiles during pregnancy among actual rear seat users in a provincial city of Japan.

Methods
Design
This study was a cross-sectional survey designed to determine the characteristics of pregnant women who ride in the rear seats of cars and to reveal factors involved in increased rear seat belt use during pregnancy.
Participants
This study�s participants were recruited from seven clinics and hospitals that were the study sites. The recruitment process is shown in Figure 1. During the study period of October to December 2013, the 1,546 pregnant women who were recruited were patients who visited the study sites for prenatal checkups. A total of 1,494 women, approximately 96.6% (1,494/1,546) of all maternities in the participating institutions during the study period, responded and participated in this study. The questionnaire was written in Japanese, and the women who were unable to read Japanese were excluded per the exclusion criterion; the final number of participants was 1,085. The definition of riding position before and during pregnancy is as follows. FF indicates passengers who rode in the front passenger seat before and during pregnancy, RR indicates passengers who rode in the rear passenger seat before and during pregnancy, FR indicates passengers who rode in the front passenger seat before pregnancy but rode in the rear passenger seat during pregnancy, and RF indicates passengers who rode in the rear passenger seat before pregnancy but rode in the front passenger seat during pregnancy.
Ethical Considerations
Before conducting the survey, ethical approval for the study design was obtained from the Epidemiologic Research Ethics Committee of Gunma University Faculty of Medicine (No. 25�36). After obtaining approval from the ethical committee, approval was also obtained from the directors at the seven participating facilities. Moreover, approval for the study was obtained from the Maebashi Medical Association and the Gunma Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 
Protection of Participants 
The questionnaire included a statement acquainting anonymous participants with the study and declaring that submission was equivalent to providing consent to participate in the survey. An additional statement explained that the study had no relation to the participants� health examinations.
Data Collection
The self-administered questionnaires were anonymously given to the participants while they were waiting in the reception areas for prenatal consultations with their obstetricians. At that time, they were informed of the study�s purpose and procedure. The participants submitted their questionnaires by placing them in collection boxes in the reception areas. The questionnaire was a booklet format written in Japanese.
The items in the questionnaire asked for information on demographic characteristics such as age, gestation (less than 14 weeks, 14 27 weeks, and e" 28 weeks), educational attainment, parity, and possession of a driver s license. Data on the frequency of car trips as a passenger, whether information on correct seat belt use during pregnancy had been acquired, whether rear seat belt use during pregnancy was perceived as compulsory, and whether the participant believes that pregnant women are exempt from seat belt use for health reasons, were also collected. The participants were asked about their personal seat belt use in the rear seat before pregnancy and during pregnancy. The response options were as follows: always, often, sometimes, and never. Finally, the participants were asked about their seating locations as passengers before and during their pregnancies.

<add Fig.1>
Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics (interquartile ranges and percentages) were used to analyze the participants� demographic characteristics and rear seat belt use. Age and gestation period were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. The Chi-square and Fisher�s exact test for contingency were used to compare FF participants to RR participants with respect to the categorical variables. Moreover, FF and RR participants who were parous were compared on the basis of these variables. The possible associated factors with seat belt use before and during pregnancy were tested in the analysis. These associated factors were selected with reference to previous studies.19,24�26 The contribution of each factor to a change in seat belt use after pregnancy was estimated, and the group that reported �positive� seat belt use (continuous always, continuous often, continuous sometimes, or increased) was compared to the group that reported �negative� seat belt use (reduced or continuous never) using logistic regression. A variable was considered for multivariate analysis on the condition that its univariate P-value was < 0.05. Furthermore, the analysis estimated the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the rear seat passengers. SPSS version 24 was used for the statistical computations, and the cutoff for statistical significance was P < 0.05. 

Results
Sample Characteristics
Seventy-six percent (825/1,085) of the participants rode in the front passenger seat before pregnancy, and 24.0% (260/1,085) rode in the rear passenger seat. Moreover, 72.1% (782/1,085) of the participants rode in the front passenger seat during pregnancy, and 27.9% (303/1,085) rode in the rear passenger seat. Finally, 71.0% (770) of the participants were FF, and 22.9% (248) were RR. However, less than 10% of the participants changed passenger seat position after pregnancy: 5.1% (55) participants were FR, and 1.1% (12) participants were RF.
The FF and RR participants were compared regarding their characteristics. The median and interquartile ranges of ages for the FF and RR participants were 30 years (27 34) and 32.5 years (29 36), respectively (P < 0.001). About one-half (55.1%) of the FF participants and almost three-quarters (71.4%) of the RR participants were e" 30 years old (P < 0.001). Moreover, 30.4% (234) of the FF group was parous, and 96.8% (240) of the RR group was parous (P < 0.001). Additionally, 25.6% (197) of the FF group and 27.0% (67) of the RR group had a university or graduate school education (P = 0.677).

<add Table 1>

The Characteristics of Parous Passengers
Table 2 shows the characteristics of the parous passengers. About two-thirds (65.8%) of the FF parous passengers and approximately three-quarters (71.7%) of the RR parous passengers were e" 30 years old (P = 0.197). Moreover, 66.7% (156) of the parous FF participants reported one previous child, and 82.5% (198) of the parous RR passengers had one previous child (P < 0.001). Regarding educational attainment, 18.8% (44) of the parous FF passengers and 27.5% (66) of the parous RR passengers had university or graduate school educations (P = 0.029). 

<add Table 2>

Table 3 shows the perceptions and knowledge of parous pregnant women concerning using seat belts. Approximately 37.6% (88) of the parous FF participants reported that they had received �information regarding seat belt use during pregnancy,� and 86.8% (203) of them stated that they knew that �rear passenger seat belt use was compulsory during pregnancy.� The results of the RR group were similar, with 35.8% (86) of the parous participants reporting that they had received �information regarding seat belt use during pregnancy� and 83.8% (201) of them stating that they knew that �rear passenger seat belt use was compulsory during pregnancy� (P = 0.704 and P = 0.368, respectively). The comparisons of the FF to the RR parous participants regarding the number of children (one child) and educational attainment (high) revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

<add Table 3>

The Characteristics of Parous Passengers Who Used Rear Seats
Of the rear seat parous passengers, 21.3% and 20.8% reported that they �always� wore a seat belt before and during pregnancy, respectively. Moreover, seat belt use among the remaining rear seat parous passengers was reportedly �often� among 23.8% of them before and 26.7% during pregnancy; �sometimes� among 30.4% and 25.8% before and during pregnancy, respectively; and �never� among 24.6% and 26.7% before and during pregnancy, respectively. Approximately 20% of the rear seat parous passengers reported that they always used a seat belt before and during pregnancy in each trimester. The Kruskal-Wallis test found no significant difference between seat belt use before and during pregnancy.

<add Table 4>

Factors Associated with Rear Seat Belt Use by RR Parous Passengers
Table 4 shows the associated factors involved in rear seat belt use during pregnancy among the RR parous passengers. The univariate analysis found that educational attainment was university or above, number of children was one, and the perception of rear seat belt use during pregnancy as compulsory was significantly and positively associated with rear seat belt use after pregnancy began. The multivariate results were similar in that they found that educational attainment was university or above, number of children was one, and the perception that rear seat belt use during pregnancy was compulsory was significantly and positively associated with rear seat belt use after pregnancy.

Discussion
This study revealed that actual users of rear seats during pregnancy were mostly parous pregnant women. It investigated the characteristics of rear seat passengers during pregnancy, which had not been considered by the previous relevant studies on seat belt use among pregnant women [14�16]. Approximately one-half of parous women rode in the front seat, and about 50% rode in the rear passenger seat. The characteristics of the parous participants who rode in rear seats were significantly different regarding �having one child� and a �high education level� compared to those of the parous participants who rode in the front passenger seat. These results clarify the characteristics of the women who should be encouraged to increase rear seat belt use during pregnancy.
This study showed that 27.9% of pregnant women rode in the rear passenger seat, while the previous study reported that 23.8% of pregnant women rode in the rear passenger seat from 2013 to 2014 [16]. In this study, 20.8% of rear-seat passengers always wore a seat belt during pregnancy, while the previous study reported that prevalence of rear seat belt use during pregnancy was 17% in 2012 [15]. Moreover, during the same period in 2013, the observed prevalence of seat belt use among Maebashi�s general population of non-pregnant women was similar to the self-reported pre-pregnancy prevalence among rear-seat parous women passengers in our study (observed prevalence, 49.7%, vs. always + often, 45.1%) [27]. This shows that our results were similar to those of previous studies conducted in Japan, suggesting our study findings are reliable.
This study found that the main influence on an increase or maintenance of rear seat belt use after pregnancy by parous participants was their �perception that rear seat belt use during pregnancy was compulsory.� Previous studies of the general population have reported that rear seat belt use in states that enforce the relevant laws was higher than in states without such laws [22, 28]. Other previous studies reported that pregnant women�s seat belt use was significantly higher among those who had obtained knowledge of compulsory seat belt use during pregnancy than among those who were unaware of compulsory seat belt use during pregnancy [17, 21]. Thus, an effective way of boosting rear seat belt use during pregnancy might be to advise parous pregnant women that they must wear rear seat belts while they are automobile passengers in the rear, as well as in the front, passenger seat.
Moreover, this study also found that the predicting factor of rear seat belt use by parous participants was their �high education level,� similar to a previous study that surveyed the general population [26]. Educational attainment is one of several factors that might explain the lower prevalence of seat belt use. However, the other element of knowledge might not explain differences in education specific to seat belt use during pregnancy, because of the proportion of reporting participants between the high-education and low-education groups. In each group, approximately 80% responded to the �perception that rear seat belt use is compulsory during pregnancy,� approximately 60% responded to the �knowledge of exemption from the obligation to wear seat belts during pregnancy,� and approximately 35% responded to �receiving information on how to wear a seat belt correctly during pregnancy.� 
Finally, this study revealed that other influences on the increase or maintenance of rear seat belt use after pregnancy by parous participants were �having one child� and the characteristics of the parous participants who rode in rear seats. However, this study did not investigate which seat position the children of the pregnant women rode in. Future studies need to ask pregnant women where their children ride when they ride together in a vehicle.
This study had several limitations. The nature of the cross-sectional survey may raise the concern of a potential recall bias. However, we believe that the possibility of recall bias would be small in this study because the participants would not have received or missed out on any benefits by answering questions about seating position or seat belt use. At present, the Traffic Road Act has no associated penalty for violating traffic rules concerning non-use of rear seat belts on general roads, despite the fact that the Traffic Road Act makes rear seat belt use compulsory in Japan. There would be no benefit or lack thereof for the participants no matter which seat position they reported. Moreover, Steptoe et al. reported that seat belt usage was one of the most stable health-related behaviors [29]. We asked whether they wore rear seat belts before and during pregnancy. We considered that the event of current pregnancy might not be in the distant past, and it might be easy for pregnant women to recall the relevant actions they were taking both at present and several months prior.
Second, this study might not be a generalized picture of pregnant women�s characteristics throughout Japan because the sample was from one suburban city, and almost all of the participants had driver�s licenses. Thus, the study�s results might be limited to this one provincial city. The characteristics of women who do not have driver�s licenses might differ from those of our participants because most of our participants had drivers� licenses [17]. Third, this investigation used self-reported questionnaires because it was not feasible to observe actual seat belt practices. However, data on visual observations of seat belt use might be challenged in various ways, such as difficulty with distinguishing between pregnant and non-pregnant women inside cars and distinguishing between seat belt straps and other types of shoulder/lap straps. It is particularly difficult to distinguish between non-pregnant women and women in the early weeks of pregnancy. Therefore, self-reported data might be the most reasonable approach for evaluating pregnant women�s seat belt use, despite its limitations. Therefore, we propose that self-reported questionnaires are an appropriate way to obtain these data.
Finally, this study found that the factor that was most frequently associated with starting, maintaining, or increasing regular use of rear seat belts by parous passengers after the beginning of pregnancy was a perception that rear seat belt use during pregnancy was compulsory; however, this study could not identify the influencing factors using a cross-sectional approach. Further longitudinal studies need to account for the influencing variables and factors. Moreover, this study was unable to provide an understanding of the ways in which that information was obtained. Future studies should focus on learning more about women�s informational sources for seat belt use during pregnancy.
In conclusion, this study found that about one-half of the parous pregnant women in the sample rode in rear seats of cars, and they tended to have one child and high educational attainment. This study�s results suggest that the provision of legal information about seat belt use during pregnancy to parous pregnant women might be effective for increasing their rear seat belt use. These findings might help to develop programs that facilitate rear seat belt use during pregnancy.

Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the participants of this study. We also thank Dr. M. Soda (Maebashi Red Cross Hospital) for his clinical support and advice.

Disclosure
The authors declare that they have no con�icts of interest.


References
1. National Police Agency Transportation. Characteristics of traffic deaths in the first half of 2017. [Cited 5 May 2018] (in Japanese). Available from URL: HYPERLINK "http://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/koutsuu/H29_kamihannki.pdf"http://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/koutsuu/H29_kamihannki.pdf

2. Ichikawa M, Nakahara S, Wakai S (2002) Mortality of front-seat occupants attributable to unbelted rear-seat passengers in car crashes. Lancet 359: 43�44.

3. Weiss HB, Sauber-Schatz EK, Cook LJ (2008) The epidemiology of pregnancy-associated emergency department injury visits and their impact on birth outcomes. Accid Anal Prev 40: 1088�1095.

4. Cheng HT, Wang YC, Lo HC, Su LT, Lin CH, et al. (2012) Trauma during pregnancy: a population-based analysis of maternal outcome. World J Surg 36: 2767�2775.

5. Vladutiu CJ, Marshall SW, Poole C, Casteel C, Menard MK, Weiss HB (2013) Adverse pregnancy outcomes following motor vehicle crashes. Am J Prev Med 45: 629�636.

6. Hyde LK, Cook LJ, Olson LM, Weiss HB, Dean JM (2003) Effect of motor vehicle crashes on adverse fetal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 102: 279�286.

7. El-Kady D, Gilbert WM, Anderson J, Danielsen B, Towner D, Smith LH (2004) Trauma during pregnancy: an analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes in a large population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190: 1661�1668.

8. Chibber R, Al-Harmi J, Fouda M, El-Saleh E (2015) Motor-vehicle injury in pregnancy and subsequent feto-maternal outcomes: of grave concern. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 28: 399�402.

9. Cesario SK (2007) Seat belt use in pregnancy: history, misconceptions and the need for education. Nurs Womens Health 11: 474�481.

10. Review on safety of pregnant occupant travelling with or without restraint in a passenger vehicle [Internet]. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research; 2009 [Cited 5 May 2018]. Available from URL: https://www.miros.gov.my/1/dl.php?filename=MRev%2002_2009%20-%20Pregnant%20women.pdf

11. Vladutiu CJ, Weiss HB (2012) Motor vehicle safety during pregnancy. Am J Lifestyle Med 6: 241�249.

12. Criminal law: Revised Road Traffic Act 2008, Act No. 90 (20 June 2007)

13. Guideline for obstetrical practice in Japan 2008. Tokyo: Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2009 [Cited 5 May 2018] (in Japanese). Available from URL: http://www.jaog.or.jp/all/document/guide_2008.pdf

14. Ichikawa M, Nakahara S, Okubo T, Wakai S (2003) Car seatbelt use during pregnancy in Japan: determinants and policy implications. Inj Prev 9: 169�172.

15. Nakajima Y, Yamada K, Tsubaki C, Machiura M (2013) Pregnant women�s evaluation of the web audiovisual material to improve the awareness about wearing seat belts in car seats during pregnancy (in Japanese). J Sch of Nurs Osaka Pref Univ 19: 93�101.

16. Morikawa M, Yamada T, Kato-Hirayama E, Nishikawa A, Watari M, et al. (2016) Seatbelt use and seat preference among pregnant women in Sapporo, Japan, in 2013. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 42: 810�815.

17. Ogawa S, Shinozaki H, Hayashi K, Itoh M, Soda M, et al. (2018) Prevalence of rear seat belt use among pregnant women in a suburban area of Japan. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 44: 117�123.

18. Seat belt use data by prefecture [Internet]. Tokyo: National Police Agency, Japan Automobile Federation; 2017 [Cited 5 May 2018] (in Japanese). Available from URL: http://www.jaf.or.jp/eco-safety/safety/data/pdf/sb2017.pdf

19. Beck LF, Gilbert BC, Shults RA (2005) Prevalence of seat belt use among reproductive-aged women and prenatal counseling to wear seat belts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192: 580�585.

20. Auriault F, Brandt C, Chopin A, Gadegbeku B, Ndiaye A,  et al. (2016) Pregnant women in vehicles: driving habits, position and risk of injury. Accid Anal Prev 89: 57�61.

21. Lam WC, To WKT, Ma ESK (2016) Seatbelt use by pregnant women: a survey of knowledge and practice in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 22: 420�427.

22. Occupant restraint use in 2015: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. DOT HS 812 330). Washington: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); 2016. [Cited 5 May 2018] Available from URL: https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812330

23. Nakahara S, Ichikawa M, Wakai S (2003) Seatbelt legislation in Japan: high risk driver mortality and seatbelt use. Inj Prev 9: 29�32.

24. Beck LF, Shults RA, Mack KA, Ryan GW (2007). Associations between sociodemographics and safety belt use in states with and without primary enforcement laws. Am J Public Health 97: 1619�1624.

25. Schlundt DG, Briggs NC, Miller ST, Arthur CM, Goldzweig IA (2007) BMI and seatbelt use. Obesity 15: 2541�2545.

26. Ng CP, Law TH, Wong SV, Kulanthayan S (2013) Factors related to seatbelt-wearing among rear-seat passengers in Malaysia. Accid Anal Prev 50: 351�360.

27. Seat belt use data by prefecture [Internet]. Tokyo: National Police Agency, Japan Automobile Federation; 2013 [Cited 5 May 2018] (in Japanese). Available from URL: http://www.jaf.or.jp/eco-safety/safety/data/pdf/sb2013.pdf

28. Shults RA, Elder RE, Sleet DA, Thompson RS, Nichols JL (2004) Primary enforcement seat belt laws are effective even in the face of rising belt use rates. Accid Anal Prev 36: 491�493.

29. Steptoe A, Sanderman R, Wardle J (1995) Stability changes in health behaviours in young adults over a one year period. Psychol Health 10: 155�169.
Table 1. Pregnant women�s demographic characteristics (FF vs RR)
VariableFF (N = 770)RR (N = 248)P-valueAge�Median (IQR�)30 (27-34) years32.5 (29-36) years<0.001***Age (e"30 years) (Yes)�424(55.1%)177(71.4%)<0.001***Parity�Nulliparous (parity = 0)536(69.6%)8(3.2%)<0.001***Parous (parity e" 1)234(30.4%)240(96.8%)Gestational age  Median (IQR! )26 (19-34) weeks26 (18.25-33) weeks 0.513Gestational age�< 14 weeks96(12.5%)38(15.3%) 0.47514-27 weeks309(40.1%)103(41.5%)e"28 weeks365(47.4%)107(43.1%)Educational attainment university or above�Yes
(e"University)197(25.6%)67(27.0%) 0.677No
(< University)573(74.4%)181(73.0%)Possession of a driver�s license�756(98.2%)241(97.2%) 0.314�: Mann-Whitney U test; �: Interquartile ranges; �: Chi-squared test, Fisher�s exact test; �: Pearson chi-squared test; ***�p < 0.001

Table 2. Parous pregnant women�s demographic characteristics
VariableFF in parous women
 (N = 234) RR in parous women
 (N = 240) P-value56���������				4	5	H	I	d	e	g	h	�	�	�	�	�	

A
B
�
�
�
��辥����x�����_��辌�����0hLh
&B*CJH*OJPJQJ^JaJph'h'[B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0hLh=>�B*CJH*OJPJQJ^JaJph0hLh=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$hLh�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-hLh=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph%6���	5	e	f	g	�	�	B
�
$"
�����������������5$d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������a$gd
&2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&�
	
#$-!")����车��gS��:�%)hLh=>�B*CJOJQJ^JaJph0h��h=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph'h��h�1k5�CJOJPJQJ^JaJ0hLh�1k5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0hLh=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphhLh=>�OJQJ^J-hLh�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph'hPUDB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLhPUDB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph�

 
����������������#$������>D����7>��<A�������Ѹ���Ѹ�Ѹ�����ь��x�x���x�x�x�x�x�x�x���x'h�TB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0hLh=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$hLh�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ0h��h=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph/
���$�����"�$�$�$�$�%�%|*�*],y,�-�-P/�����������������������2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&�����s��7C������������""	"""�"�"�$�$�$�$�$����������������������規��v�\3h,p�h=>�5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0hLh=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph'h�TB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph"�$�$�%�%�%�%&&&{*|*�*�*C,\,],x,�η��oXA*��A*�-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�hLB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�ThLB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h=>�5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�yh�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h�1k5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphx,y,�-�-�-�-O/P/�/�/44444 42656�6�6e8f8R9S9\9^9�η��η�s�������s�Z�A�A��0h,p�h=>�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h=>�B*CJH*OJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h=>�5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h�1k5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphP/444 4]9^9f9}9�;�>�>??,?'C(C6C7C�F�F�F�F�F�����������������������2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&^9e9f9|9}9�9:%:�:�:�;�;�<�<�=�=c>d>�>��r_H_H�H/H/H/H0h,p�h=>�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h�Th�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ3h,p�h�1k5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h=>�5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph�>�>�>�>�>???+?@�A��w`F,�3h,p�h�1k5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h=>�5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�T5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�Th�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph'h�TB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h=>�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph
�A�AlBmBCC&C'C(C5C6C7C|C�C�C�CE�E�E�E�E�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�ззР�u^�uKuKuзззР�u^$h�Th�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h�Th�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph'h�TB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h=>�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h�Th=>�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�G�GHH�I�θθθθθθθΞ�t]J]$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h�Th�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h�1k5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph*h,p�h�1k5�6�CJOJPJQJ^JaJ3h,p�h=>�5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�T5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph�F�I�I�I�I�I�L�L�L�O	S�V	Z�[`�dxgXiYiii�i�ij����������������������2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&�I�I�I�I�I�IYL[L�L�L�L�L�M�M�M�O�O|P�P��距�s��]D�0����0'h�TB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h�Th�1k5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph*h�T5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h�1k5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph3h,p�h=>�5�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph�PQQBQGQ|R�RS	S�T�TU�U�U�U�U�V�VPWUW�W�WZ	Z�[�[�^�^```�a�a c�d�dwgxgWiYi�վ��蓾�辪�վ|���i�|�|���辪�|�|�|$h�Th�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�Th�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph'h�TB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph'Yihiii�i�ijj�j�j�j�j�j�j�k�kDlEl�l�l�η��η��t�ηcVc=c0h,p�h=>�>*B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphU�h,p�h=>�OJQJ^J!jh,p�h�1kOJQJU^J0h,p�h
&5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h�1k5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphj�j�j�j�j�l�l,m-m�m�m�n�n/o0o�o�o����������������2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&:d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����-DM�
����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&�l�l�l�l�l�l�lm#m+m-mZm[m�m�m�m�m�m�mnnon{n|n~n�n�no!o"o$o.o0o`ogo�o�o�o�o�o�oip|p�Ѻ����ѺѺ��ѺѺѺ��ѺѺѺѺѺѺ���wѺѺ�0h,p�h�1k6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�hb8�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph44<*|p}p�p�p�pq7q8q;qDqFq�q�q�q�q�q�q�r�rssDsVsWsXsbsds�s�s�t�tCuMuWuYu�u�u+vKvOvPvTvVv�v�v�v
ww�ййййййййй��ййййййй��й��йx�й-h,p�hb8�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h1{B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h=>�6�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph/�o�p�pEqFq�q�q�r�rcsds�s�s�t�tXuYuUvVvww�w�w�x�����������������������2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&wwwwAwQw�w�w�w�w�x�x�x�xJyaykymy�y�y�y�y�yzzzz�Ѻ��u^u^u^uKu^u^uD�uKu^u^h,p�h�#�$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�#�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�Th=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�Th�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h�yh�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-hLh=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph�x�xlymyzz�z�z�{�{b|c|&}'}�}�}5~6~��m�n������������������������2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&zzz�z�z�z�z�z�z�{�{O|W|X|Z|a|c|�|�|}}}}%}'}�}�}�}�}�}�}�}�}~*~4~6~������Q�c�l�m�n�ӀԀۀ���������������������������������������������ѧ���'h,p�h�1k6�CJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h�4IB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph4n�������ƀӀۀ�������wd�$If]�wgd
&d�$Ifgd
&d�gd
&ۀ܀�����MAAAAAd�$Ifgd
&�kd$$If�c��������������������r����9]!�'�������$	�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xۀ܀��t�v�����T�V���`�b���������������H�I�ņƆΆφІцV�W�^���p�r�����,�.���������8�:���������������������������������̹क़��������������������$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJUh,p�h=>�OJQJ^J'h,p�h�1k5�CJOJPJQJ^JaJ$h,p�h�4ICJOJPJQJ^JaJ'h,p�h�1k6�CJOJPJQJ^JaJ$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJh,p�h�1kOJQJ^J3��.�0�8�H�P�`�MAAAAAAd�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c��������������������r����9]!�'�������$	�|�0���������������������������������<(�������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x`�t�v���kd|$$If�c�������������������֞�����9!]!�'�����p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xd�$Ifgd
&v�������ЂԂ����������d�$Ifgd
&������'d�$Ifgd
&�kdO$$If�c�������������������֞�����9!]!�'�����p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x��"�*�:�B�R�T�������d�$Ifgd
&T�V�x�'d�$Ifgd
&�kd"$$If�c�������������������֞�����9!]!�'�����p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xx�����ރ���&�����A���kd�$$If�c��������������������r����9]!�'�������$	�|�0���������������������������������<(�������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xd�$Ifgd
&&�,�<�B�R�`������d�$Ifgd
&`�b�d�'d�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c�������������������֞�����9!]!�'�����p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xd�|�����������������d�$Ifgd
&������'d�$Ifgd
&�kd$$If�c�������������������֞�����9!]!�'�����p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x��Ƅ΄ބ�����������d�$Ifgd
&����R�'d�$Ifgd
&�kdR$$If�c�������������������֞�����9!]!�'�����p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xR�Z�v�~����������������d�$Ifgd
&������'d�$Ifgd
&�kd%$$If�c�������������������֞�����9!]!�'�����p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x����څ�������������d�$Ifgd
&��)�'d�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c�������������������֞�����9!]!�'�����p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x)�-�5�9�A�H������d�$Ifgd
&H�I�φ:2d�gd
&�kd�$$If�c�������������������ֈ����9!]!�'���p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(�����������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xφІ���+�7�J�V�^����������d�$Ifgd
&2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&	^�_�0�2�:�J�R�b�MAAAAAAd�$Ifgd
&�kd�	$$If�c��������������������r��	�9]!�'�t	�|���$	�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xAge (e"30 years) (Yes) �154(65.8%)172(71.7%) 0.197Number of children�One (1)	156(66.7%)198(82.5%)<0.001***(e"2)78(33.3%)42(17.5%)Gestational age�< 14 weeks28(12.0%)38(15.8%) 0.47514-27 weeks101(43.2%)100(41.7%)e"28 weeks105(44.9%)102(42.5%)Educational attainment of bachelor s degree or above�Yes
( e" bachelor s degree)44(18.8%)66(27.5%) 0.029*No
(< bachelor s degree)190(81.2%)174(72.5%)�: Chi-squared test, Fisher s exact test; �: Pearson chi-squared test; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001








Table 3. Perception and knowledge of seat belt use among parous pregnant women (FF vs RR)
VariableFF in parous women
 (N = 234) RR in parous women
 (N = 240) P-valueKnowledge of exemption from the obligation to wear a seat belt during pregnancy�(Yes)�129(55.1%)144(60.0%) 0.307Acquired information on how to wear a seat belt correctly during pregnancy (Yes)�88(37.6%)86(35.8%) 0.704Perception that rear seat belt use is compulsory during pregnancy (Yes)�203(86.8%)201(83.8%) 0.368�: Knowledge that if pregnant women are not wearing a seat belt during pregnancy because of doctor s orders, they are exempted from the obligation to wear a seat belt; �: Chi-squared test, Fisher s exact test; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001











Table 4. Factors associated with rear seat belt use by RR parous pregnant women according to rear passenger seat logistic regression analysis ( Positive  vs.  Negative ; Adjusted odds)

FactorP-valueOdds ratio95% Confidence IntervalEducational attainment was university or above (Yes/No) 0.0441.0731.002^�1.149Number of children (One/More than one) <0.0011.1351.057^�1.218The perception that rear seat belt use is compulsory during pregnancy (Yes/No) 0.0023.2841.574^�6.852

Figure legend
Figure 1. Recruitment process and profiles of the analyzed pregnant women









 PAGE   \* MERGEFORMAT 1




b�p�r���kdU
$$If�c�������������������֞��	��9!]!�'�t	�|�p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xd�$Ifgd
&r����������������������d�$Ifgd
&������'d�$Ifgd
&�kd($$If�c�������������������֞��	��9!]!�'�t	�|�p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x�������*�,�������d�$Ifgd
&��d�$If`��gd
&,�.�P�'d�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c�������������������֞��	��9!]!�'�t	�|�p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xP�f�l�|�������������d�$Ifgd
&������'d�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c�������������������֞��	��9!]!�'�t	�|�p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x��������������������d�$Ifgd
&������'d�$Ifgd
&�kd�
$$If�c�������������������֞��	��9!]!�'�t	�|�p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x�����&�6�8�������d�$Ifgd
&8�:���'d�$Ifgd
&�kdt$$If�c�������������������֞��	��9!]!�'�t	�|�p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x���������������������d�$Ifgd
&���'d�$Ifgd
&�kdG$$If�c�������������������֞��	��9!]!�'�t	�|�p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x�"�N�V�f�n�~����������d�$Ifgd
&����^�`�'d�gd
&�kd$$If�c�������������������֞��	��9!]!�'�t	�|�p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(���������������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x������.�0�J�L�`�n�p�����������������b�d���&�(�B�D�X�`�l�����D�F���������d�f�t�v�:��������๦�����������������~�����k���k���$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ'h,p�h�4I5�CJOJPJQJ^JaJ'h,p�h�1k5�CJOJPJQJ^JaJ$h,p�hLCJOJPJQJ^JaJ$h,p�h�4ICJOJPJQJ^JaJ'h,p�h�1k6�CJOJPJQJ^JaJ$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJh,p�h�1kOJQJ^J*`�b�d�f�h�j�l�n�$�6�\�t���������������������d�$Ifgd
&d�gd
&����r�z���������`TTTTTTd�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c��������������������\���9]!�'�����$	�|�0���������������������������������<(�������������4�4�
ca�yt�*x����V�\�l�r�:....d�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c�������������������ֈ����9!]!�'���p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(�����������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xr�������$�,���.���kdi$$If�c�������������������ֈ����9!]!�'���p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(�����������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xd�$Ifgd
&,�<�D�T�b�d�����.�kd.$$If�c�������������������ֈ����9!]!�'���p�<���<�|�0���������������������������������<(�����������������������������4�4�
ca�yt�*xd�$Ifgd
&d�V�X�Z�\�^�`�b�d�f�h�j�l����������D�������������������d�$Ifgd
&
��d�gd
&2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&d�gd
&D�F�������������`TTTTTTd�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c������������������d�\EQ�'�@���8�x
�0����������������������������������'�������������4�4�
ca�hyt�*x����<�L�X�d�:....d�$Ifgd
&�kd�$$If�c������������������dֈEQ�!#�'�@���8�8�����0����������������������������������'�����������������������4�4�
ca�hyt�*xd�h�t�v��"���.���kdy$$If�c������������������dֈEQ�!#�'�@���8�8�����0����������������������������������'�����������������������������4�4�
ca�hyt�*xd�$Ifgd
&"�.�:�>�J�L�����.�kd5$$If�c������������������dֈEQ�!#�'�@���8�8�����0����������������������������������'�����������������������������4�4�
ca�hyt�*xd�$Ifgd
&:�<�J�L�N�P�R�l�n�t�z��������ڹ��pYFY/p'jh�2�U-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ-h,p�h=>�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h=>�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph0h,p�h�4�5�B*CJOJPJQJ^JaJph'h,p�h�1k5�CJOJPJQJ^JaJh,p�h�1kOJQJ^J$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJ$h,p�h�1kCJOJPJQJ^JaJL�N�P�R�n����
�������T�V�X�Z�\��������������������$��]��a$gd�4�gd�*x2d�$d����%d����&d����'d����(d����N���������O���������P���������Q���������R���������gd
&
��d�gd
&�
��������L�N�P�R�T�V�X�Z�\��������ǰ֬���-h,p�h�1kB*CJOJPJQJ^JaJphh=>�h�*x,jh
&h~XtOJQJU^JmHnHuh'[OJQJ^JmHnHuh
&h~XtOJQJ^J!jh
&h~XtOJQJU^Jjh�2�Uh�2�;0P:p�1k��. ��A!��"��#��$��%��S����Dp10:p����A ��.!��"��#��$��%��S����.:p����. ��A!��"��#��$��%��S�����$$If�!vh#v�#v�#v�#v$	#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5��5�$	5�|/�4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#v�#v$	#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5��5�$	5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#v�#v$	#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5��5�$	5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#v�#v$	#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5��5�$	5�|/�4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#vt	#v|#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5�t	5�|5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#v�#v$	#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5��5�$	5�|/�4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�!vh#v�#vp#v<#v�#v<#v|:V�c���0���������������������������������<(,�5��5�p5�<5��5�<5�|4�
cyt�*x�$$If�h!vh#v@#v�#v8#vx
:V�c�d�0����������������������������������',�5�@5��5�85�x
/�4�
ca�hyt�*x�$$If�h!vh#v@#v�#v8#v�#v�:V�c�d�0����������������������������������',�5�@5��5�85��5��/�4�
ca�hyt�*x�$$If�h!vh#v@#v�#v8#v�#v�:V�c�d�0����������������������������������',�5�@5��5�85��5��4�
ca�hyt�*x�$$If�h!vh#v@#v�#v8#v�#v�:V�c�d�0����������������������������������',�5�@5��5�85��5��4�
ca�hyt�*x!s���������666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>666666666666666666666666666�6666666666�666666666666hH66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666�62���� 0@P`p������2(�� 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p��8X�V~�������� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@$OJPJQJ^J_HmH	nHsH	tH0`�0j�n_HmH	sH	tH	@��@�1k���QW0 1$$���x5CJ0aJ0@��@�1k���QW0 2$$�h�P5CJ$aJ$@��@�1k���QW0 3$$��P5CJaJ@��@�1k���QW0 4$$���(5CJaJ@��@�1k���QW0 5$$���(5CJaJ@��@�1k���QW0 6$$���(5CJaJ$A �$
�k=��0�0�0�0Bi@�B0j�nn0h��4�
l4�a�$k �$
0�0�0�0j0W08�o��8�1knormal_HmH	sH	tH	:>��:�1kh�L�$$���x5CJHaJHRJ��R�1koRL�$$�h�P$6B*CJ0OJPJQJ^JaJ0phfff2��#2�1k:V4�
c�4�42��32�1k:V4�
c�4�42��C2�1k:V4�
c�4�42��S2�1k:V4�
c�4�4*b*
�1k0�0�0�0�0�eW[R0��q0�1k0�0�0�0�0�eW[R (�eW[),' �,
�1k0�0�0�0�0�SgqCJaJ8��8
�_�09TM0�QW0CJOJQJ^JaJ>�/�>�_�0	9TM0�QW0 (�eW[)CJOJQJ^JaJ0@�0�*x0�0�0�0�0

�H�$*���*�*x0	�0�0�0�0 (�eW[)0 �0�*x0�0�0�0�0

�H�$*���*�*x0	�0�0�0�0 (�eW[).jab.
 ~Xt0�0�0�0�0�Q�[5�\�8�/�8~Xt0�0�0�0�0�Q�[ (�eW[)
5�\�tH	PK!����[Content_Types].xml���N�0E�H���-J��@%�ǎǢ|�ș$�ز�U��L�TB� l,�3��;�r��Ø��J��B+$�G]��7O٭V��<a���(7��I��R�{�pgL�=��r���8�5v&����uQ�뉑8��C����X=��$␴�?6N�JC������F�B.ʹ'�.�+���Y�T���^e5�5�� ��ð�_�g -�;�����Yl�ݎ��|6^�N��`�?���[��PK!�֧�6_rels/.rels���j�0���}Q��%v/��C/�}�(h"���O�
����=������ ����C?�h�v=��Ʌ��%[xp��{۵_�Pѣ<�1�H�0���O�R�Bd���JE�4b$��q_����6L�R�7`������0̞O��,�En7�Li�b��/�S���e��е�����PK!ky���theme/theme/themeManager.xml�M
� @�}�w��7c�(Eb�ˮ��C�AǠҟ����7��՛K
Y,�
�e�.���|,���H�,l����xɴ��I�sQ}#Ր���� ֵ+�!�,�^�$j=�GW��)�E�+&
8���PK!T!����theme/theme/theme1.xml�Y]��F}/�?�;�����l�ζ�MB��q�[�i�f�%��
i�CS�ևRh���c6��蝑,���&YR%kX�ѹw��{u�H�|�~D�c�p��[�Tr�ؘ�Ӗ{{�/4\��e1n���+�~p�G���
1�)����f8�k�DH�i2-�t~#Z��J�b�H�:1���Ʉ��sv�����g�߹��	zf��#��{lX)�,|��8Lj�\�k�N���p���-�������"�Ɍ��b���_f���*j�dz�O�y�Wk���M\�ޫ�j�?@��4��;�N�ϰ(=���ֻղ��W78�}�3�
���6�~Q4�
��
���+�g�(��6�R���
����G�_����	�{Vx���J�|��jȫKN1a��Vk�ǒ>$�"AbG,fx�FP��ϟ�=zv��׳�ӳG?;�dB�P�8\.UJ�R�˟��Td�F���!��ᣄ�D����>�re��x�۽��˿�|��/�N���:��O����liV��b-$_?}���7_���c��v�u��D�;��s�E�@��0y3�a��nю��H�b������@Ypl��N�c^��3�d.���02���K�Q�&���<��S���\��B��6w�b#˽����\!6hޤ(h�c,y�alY�]B���Q�8��.q:�XC2$�F5���HyY�B����q:��V���&�
D-䇘a���E6�CQ=�H�6��E2�q=. �SL��c�m67X���kTΚ���Ld"ȑ��>bLGv�Q�hf�H�؏��(rn2a�0���oM���t�Z
n���V"��K.�bf��`A'+��F`�{D�{���o��	���	|6�Eߊ�[�������y;!�ioMķ�֥;`ɘ����E�&��e3S��p��{��v?�}�^)4��ܸ�w������'�ҁXP���F�C_�aPک�X�?��B8�w2L`�	R6N��'D���`�_v��)�\O�3c6�j��[��<:`���\���xp$V�%?���k��Y�^����%i�&$��LU��rPI=�C�,$���
���EC�_�j�P˳'zf�=0#x�B�e��T/����63�-�F�bY�L7%׭˓�KK�52m����$�"�z�g�)G_�ƛ溹J�AO�B����Qo�����ֵ�ƺR��9i���%3B��;��p͠v���":��i#��7�E�e�p�E<L�D'U���8�D-W.?O���(n�
�;K�	�򮑃��IƓ		=�ڈ�tz

�j���2�8XZ�9�{�O�C:On!(1�^���i4�^n�B����Ɣɮ�vQ�P:��,DYG��<�+)�騳<�Y�f���Ne�ՃjtӼk��v�W��i��Ꙇ�ȮiW1c�eX��Ś��jb�4�çҽ.�֭ͥ��.��g麯�4j��j��K��F�ޱ\�+��N��T��t���GX���u~�[�Z�,��*��K��������+�9\�>C$6D�'Ien��"�5�ș'��>(�m/��A���{��

�]-�}�Z��R�Sy�E�Q�O����E]d�b���h���҈EE���q�=�\�}�ʏ-�C@t�*�f�٩��v��u;�B3�u
�ZP���h��α{�j��z�B��V���BݫT�^���y��6V��G����PK!
ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.rels��M
�0���wooӺ�&݈Э���5
6?$Q��
�,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@RN��;d�`��o7�g�K(M&$R(.1�r'J��ЊT���8��V�"��AȻ�H�u}��|�$�b{��P����8�g/]�QAsم(����#��L�[������PK-!����[Content_Types].xmlPK-!�֧�60_rels/.relsPK-!ky���theme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!T!�����theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-!
ѐ��'�	theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK]�
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<a:clrMap xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main" bg1="lt1" tx1="dk1" bg2="lt2" tx2="dk2" accent1="accent1" accent2="accent2" accent3="accent3" accent4="accent4" accent5="accent5" accent6="accent6" hlink="hlink" folHlink="folHlink"/>Ns�~2����=2����p2����	*****************-�
���$x,^9�>�A�F�I�PYi�l|pwzۀ��:��\�DFGIJKMNOPRSTVWY[^���
P/�Fj�o�xn�ۀ�`�v�����T�x�&�`�d�������R������)�H�φ^�b�r�����,�P���������8�������`�����r�,�d�D���d�"�L�\�EHLQUXZ\]_`abcdefghijklmnopqrs|}~�����������������������^$_l_X����$&-!�����`� C��7"��"�7"��"@���������H ��0�(	�
����0�(	�
��B
�S����	?���_gjdgxs_30j0zll�M�S���M�S��~�~�~�~�~�~�~�~�~	�Za48�l�l s(s�~�~�~�~�~�~�~�~�~	3333�mn�s{u�uv'vGvwwTwzx�xy�y�y6z?z�z�z{&{o{�{1}�}�}�}�}~h~�~�~�~�~�~�~�~�~�~�~	(�'�I
&&h 
,�3�I3oR4�h9PUD�4IL�:M�T_Y'[�D^�1k~Xttu�*x�y1{�Ab8��E��4����B��H��+��#��'���=>�
-��}��_����2�,p��~�~�@�������'�(�2�3�4�5�]�^�s�t�u]w�@�0�d@�<�|@�@��@�j��@�����@����Unknown������������
G��.�[x�	�Times New Roman5��Symbol3.��.�[x�	�Arial7���CenturyA�RobotoArialQ��	BatangMalgun Gothic/�������*�8nfg7���Georgia5.��.�[`�)�TahomaA���$B�Cambria Math"1���h״i��i'��k@���k@�!�������0�~�~2�����P	�$P�����������������������1k6!	xx�>H�'�����
��Oh��+'��0L�������	��

 ,4<D�Normal1Microsoft Office Word@@ڼ<^R�@p���S���k��
��՜.��+,��D��՜.��+,��8�`hpx�����
����@�~	�^�C�g��Title 8@_PID_HLINKS�A�G.Hhttp://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/koutsuu/H29_kamihannki.pdf	

 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Root Entry��������	�F���S���Data
��������������1Table������'WordDocument�����2SummaryInformation(�������������DocumentSummaryInformation8���������CompObj������������n������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
����	�FMicrosoft Word 97-2003 ����
MSWordDocWord.Document.8�9�q

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit