����JFIFXX�����    $.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342  2!!22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222����"��4�� ���,�PG"Z_�4�˷����kjز�Z�,F+��_z�,�© �����zh6�٨�ic�fu���#ډb���_�N�?��wQ���5-�~�I���8����TK<5o�Iv-�����k�_U_�����~b�M��d����Ӝ�U�Hh��?]��E�w��Q���k�{��_}qFW7HTՑ��Y��F�?_�'ϔ��_�Ջt��=||I ��6�έ"�����D���/[�k�9���Y�8ds|\���Ҿp6�Ҵ���]��.����6�z<�v��@]�i%��$j��~�g��J>��no����pM[me�i$[����s�o�ᘨ�˸ nɜG-�ĨU�ycP�3.DB�li�;��hj���x7Z^�N�h������N3u{�:j�x�힞��#M&��jL P@_���� P��&��o8������9�����@Sz6�t7#O�ߋ �s}Yf�T���lmr����Z)'N��k�۞p����w\�Tȯ?�8`�O��i{wﭹW�[�r�� ��Q4F�׊���3m&L�=��h3����z~��#�\�l :�F,j@�� ʱ�wQT����8�"kJO���6�֚l����}���R�>ډK���]��y����&����p�}b��;N�1�m�r$�|��7�>e�@B�TM*-iH��g�D�)� E�m�|�ؘbҗ�a��Ҿ����t4���o���G��*oCN�rP���Q��@z,|?W[0�����:�n,jWiE��W��$~/�hp\��?��{(�0���+�Y8rΟ�+����>S-S����VN;�}�s?.����� w�9��˟<���Mq4�Wv'��{)0�1mB��V����W[�����8�/<� �%���wT^�5���b��)iM� pg�N�&ݝ��VO~�q���u���9� ����!��J27����$O-���! �:�%H��� ـ����y�ΠM=t{!S�� oK8������t<����è:a������[�����ա�H���~��w��Qz`�po�^ ����Q��n� �,uu�C�$ ^���,������8�#��:�6��e�|~���!�3�3.�\0��q��o�4`.|� ����y�Q�`~;�d�ׯ,��O�Zw�������`73�v�܋�<���Ȏ�� ـ4k��5�K�a�u�=9Yd��$>x�A�&�� j0� ���vF��� Y�|�y��� ~�6�@c��1vOp�Ig����4��l�OD���L����� R���c���j�_�uX6��3?nk��Wy�f;^*B� ��@�~a�`��Eu������+���6�L��.ü>��}y���}_�O�6�͐�:�YrG�X��kG�����l^w���~㒶sy��Iu�!� W ��X��N�7BV��O��!X�2����wvG�R�f�T#�����t�/?���%8�^�W�aT��G�cL�M���I��(J����1~�8�?aT ���]����AS�E��(��*E}� 2��#I/�׍qz��^t�̔���b�Yz4x���t�){ OH��+(E��A&�N�������XT��o��"�XC��'���)}�J�z�p� ��~5�}�^����+�6����w��c��Q�|Lp�d�H��}�(�.|����k��c4^�"�����Z?ȕ ��a<�L�!039C� �Eu�C�F�Ew�ç ;�n?�*o���B�8�bʝ���'#Rqf���M}7����]����s2tcS{�\icTx;�\��7K���P���ʇ Z O-��~��c>"��?�������P��E��O�8��@�8��G��Q�g�a�Վ���󁶠�䧘��_%#r�>�1�z�a��eb��qcPѵ��n���#L��� =��׀t� L�7�`��V���A{�C:�g���e@�w1 Xp3�c3�ġ����p��M"'-�@n4���fG��B3�DJ�8[Jo�ߐ���gK)ƛ��$���� ���8�3�����+���� �����6�ʻ���� ���S�kI�*KZlT _`���?��K����QK�d����B`�s}�>���`��*�>��,*@J�d�oF*����弝��O}�k��s��]��y�ߘ��c1G�V���<=�7��7����6�q�PT��tXԀ�!9*4�4Tހ3XΛex�46���Y��D ����� �BdemDa����\�_l,��G�/���֌7���Y�](�xTt^%�GE�����4�}bT���ڹ�����;Y)���B�Q��u��>J/J �⮶.�XԄ��j�ݳ�+E��d ��r�5�_D�1 ��o�� �B�x�΢�#���<��W�����8���R6�@g�M�.��� dr�D��>(otU��@x=��~v���2� ӣ�d�oBd��3�eO�6�㣷�����ݜ6��6Y��Qz`��S��{���\P�~z m5{J/L��1������<�e�ͅPu�b�]�ϔ���'������f�b� Zpw��c`"��i���BD@:)ִ�:�]��hv�E�w���T�l��P���"Ju�}��وV J��G6��. J/�Qgl߭�e�����@�z�Zev2u�)]կ�����7x���s�M�-<ɯ�c��r�v�����@��$�ޮ}lk���a���'����>x��O\�ZFu>�����ck#��&:��`�$�ai�>2Δ����l���oF[h��lE�ܺ�Πk:)���`�� $[6�����9�����kOw�\|���8}������ބ:��񶐕��I�A1/�=�2[�,�!��.}gN#�u����b��� ~��݊��}34q����d�E��Lc��$��"�[q�U�硬g^��%B �z���r�pJ�ru%v\h1Y�ne`ǥ:g���pQM~�^�Xi� ��`S�:V29.�P���V�?B�k�� AEvw%�_�9C�Q����wKekPؠ�\�;Io d�{ ߞo�c1eP����\� `����E=���@K<�Y���eڼ�J���w����{av�F�'�M�@/J��+9p���|]�����Iw &`��8���&M�hg��[�{��Xj��%��Ӓ�$��(����ʹN���<>�I���RY���K2�NPlL�ɀ)��&e����B+ь����( � �JTx���_?EZ� }@ 6�U���뙢ط�z��dWI�n` D����噥�[��uV��"�G&Ú����2g�}&m��?ċ�"����Om#��������� ��{�ON��"S�X��Ne��ysQ���@Fn��Vg���dX�~nj�]J�<�K]:��FW��b�������62�=��5f����JKw��bf�X�55��~J �%^����:�-�QIE��P��v�nZum� z � ~ə ���� ���ة����;�f��\v���g�8�1��f24;�V���ǔ�)����9���1\��c��v�/'Ƞ�w�������$�4�R-��t���� e�6�/�ġ �̕Ecy�J���u�B���<�W�ַ~�w[B1L۲�-JS΂�{���΃������A��20�c#��@ 0!1@AP"#2Q`$3V�%45a6�FRUq��� ����^7ׅ,$n�������+��F�`��2X'��0vM��p�L=������5��8������u�p~���.�`r�����\���O��,ư�0oS ��_�M�����l���4�kv\JSd���x���SW�<��Ae�IX����������$I���w�:S���y���›R��9�Q[���,�5�;�@]�%���u�@ *ro�lbI �� ��+���%m:�͇ZV�����u�̉����θau<�fc�.����{�4Ա� �Q����*�Sm��8\ujqs]{kN���)qO�y�_*dJ�b�7���yQqI&9�ԌK!�M}�R�;������S�T���1���i[U�ɵz�]��U)V�S6���3$K{�ߊ<�(� E]Զ[ǼENg�����'�\?#)Dkf��J���o��v���'�%ƞ�&K�u�!��b�35LX�Ϸ��63$K�a�;�9>,R��W��3�3� d�JeTYE.Mϧ��-�o�j3+y��y^�c�������VO�9NV\nd�1 ��!͕_)a�v;����թ�M�lWR1��)El��P;��yوÏ�u 3�k�5Pr6<�⒲l�!˞*��u־�n�!�l:����UNW ��%��Chx8vL'��X�@��*��)���̮��ˍ��� ���D-M�+J�U�kvK����+�x8��cY������?�Ԡ��~3mo��|�u@[XeY�C�\Kp�x8�oC�C�&����N�~3-H���� ��MX�s�u<`���~"WL��$8ξ��3���a�)|:@�m�\���^�`�@ҷ)�5p+��6���p�%i)P M���ngc�����#0Aruz���RL+xSS?���ʮ}()#�t��mˇ!��0}}y����<�e� �-ή�Ԩ��X������ MF���ԙ~l L.3���}�V뽺�v�����멬��Nl�)�2����^�Iq��a��M��qG��T�����c3#������3U�Ǎ���}��לS�|qa��ڃ�+���-��2�f����/��bz��ڐ�� �ݼ[2�ç����k�X�2�* �Z�d���J�G����M*9W���s{��w���T��x��y,�in�O�v��]���n����P�$�JB@=4�OTI�n��e�22a\����q�d���%�$��(���:���: /*�K[PR�fr\nڙdN���F�n�$�4�[�� U�zƶ����� �mʋ���,�ao�u 3�z� �x��Kn����\[��VFmbE;�_U��&V�Gg�]L�۪&#n%�$ɯ�dG���D�TI=�%+AB�Ru#��b4�1�»x�cs�YzڙJG��f��Il��d�eF'T� iA��T���uC�$����Y��H?����[!G`}���ͪ� �纤Hv\������j�Ex�K���!���OiƸ�Yj�+u-<���'q����uN�*�r\��+�]���<�wOZ.fp�ێ��,-*)V?j-kÊ#�`�r��dV����(�ݽBk�����G�ƛk�QmUڗe��Z���f}|����8�8��a���i��3'J�����~G_�^���d�8w������ R�`(�~�.��u���l�s+g�bv���W���lGc}��u���afE~1�Ue������Z�0�8�=e�� f@/�jqEKQQ�J��oN��J���W5~M>$6�Lt�;$ʳ{���^��6�{����v6���ķܰg�V�cnn �~z�x�«�,2�u�?cE+Ș�H؎�%�Za�)���X>uW�Tz�Nyo����s���FQƤ��$��*�&�LLXL)�1�" L��eO��ɟ�9=���:t��Z���c��Ž���Y?�ӭV�wv�~,Y��r�ۗ�|�y��GaF�����C�����.�+� ���v1���fήJ�����]�S��T��B��n5sW}y�$��~z�'�c ��8 ��� ,! �p��VN�S��N�N�q��y8z˱�A��4��*��'������2n<�s���^ǧ˭P�Jޮɏ�U�G�L�J�*#��<�V��t7�8����TĜ>��i}K%,���)[��z�21z ?�N�i�n1?T�I�R#��m-�����������������1����lA�`��fT5+��ܐ�c�q՝��ʐ��,���3�f2U�եmab��#ŠdQ�y>\��)�SLY����w#��.���ʑ�f��� ,"+�w�~�N�'�c�O�3F�������N<���)j��&��,-� �љ���֊�_�zS���TǦ����w�>��?�������n��U仆�V���e�����0���$�C�d���rP �m�׈e�Xm�Vu� �L��.�bֹ��� �[Դaզ���*��\y�8�Է:�Ez\�0�Kq�C b��̘��cө���Q��=0Y��s�N��S.���3.���O�o:���#���v7�[#߫ ��5�܎�L���Er4���9n��COWlG�^��0k�%<���ZB���aB_���������'=��{i�v�l�$�uC���mƎҝ{�c㱼�y]���W�i ��ߧc��m�H� m�"�"�����;Y�ߝ�Z�Ǔ�����:S#��|}�y�,/k�Ld� TA�(�AI$+I3��;Y*���Z��}|��ӧO��d�v��..#:n��f>�>���ȶI�TX��� 8��y����"d�R�|�)0���=���n4��6ⲑ�+��r<�O�܂~zh�z����7ܓ�HH�Ga롏���nCo�>������a ���~]���R���̲c?�6(�q�;5%� |�uj�~z8R=X��I�V=�|{v�Gj\gc��q����z�؋%M�ߍ����1y��#��@f^���^�>N�����#x#۹��6�Y~�?�dfPO��{��P�4��V��u1E1J �*|���%���JN��`eWu�zk M6���q t[�� ��g�G���v��WIG��u_ft����5�j�"�Y�:T��ɐ���*�;� e5���4����q$C��2d�}���� _S�L#m�Yp��O�.�C�;��c����Hi#֩%+) �Ӎ��ƲV���SYź��g |���tj��3�8���r|���V��1#;.SQ�A[���S������#���`n�+���$��$I �P\[�@�s��(�ED�z���P��])8�G#��0B��[ى��X�II�q<��9�~[Z멜�Z�⊔IWU&A>�P~�#��dp<�?����7���c��'~���5 ��+$���lx@�M�dm��n<=e�dyX��?{�|Aef ,|n3�<~z�ƃ�uۧ�����P��Y,�ӥQ�*g�#먙R�\���;T��i,��[9Qi歉����c>]9�� ��"�c��P�� �Md?٥��If�ت�u��k��/����F��9�c*9��Ǎ:�ØF���z�n*�@|I�ށ9����N3{'��[�'ͬ�Ҳ4��#}��!�V� Fu��,�,mTIk���v C�7v���B�6k�T9��1�*l� '~��ƞF��lU��'�M ����][ΩũJ_�{�i�I�n��$���L�� j��O�dx�����kza۪��#�E��Cl����x˘�o�����V���ɞ�ljr��)�/,�߬h�L��#��^��L�ф�,íMƁe�̩�NB�L�����iL����q�}��(��q��6IçJ$�W�E$��:������=#����(�K�B����zђ <��K(�N�۫K�w��^O{!����)�H���>x�������lx�?>Պ�+�>�W���,Ly!_�D���Ō�l���Q�!�[ �S����J��1��Ɛ�Y}��b,+�Lo�x�ɓ)����=�y�oh�@�꥟/��I��ѭ=��P�y9��� �ۍYӘ�e+�p�Jnϱ?V\SO%�(�t� ���=?MR�[Ș�����d�/ ��n�l��B�7j� ��!�;ӥ�/�[-���A�>�dN�sLj ��,ɪv��=1c�.SQ�O3�U���ƀ�ܽ�E����������̻��9G�ϷD�7(�}��Ävӌ\�y�_0[w ���<΍>����a_��[0+�L��F.�޺��f�>oN�T����q;���y\��bՃ��y�jH�<|q-eɏ�_?_9+P���Hp$�����[ux�K w�Mw��N�ی'$Y2�=��q���KB��P��~������Yul:�[<����F1�2�O���5=d����]Y�sw:���Ϯ���E��j,_Q��X��z`H1,#II ��d�wr��P˂@�ZJV����y$�\y�{}��^~���[:N����ߌ�U�������O��d�����ؾe��${p>G��3c���Ė�lʌ�� ת��[��`ϱ�-W����dg�I��ig2��� ��}s ��ؤ(%#sS@���~���3�X�nRG�~\jc3�v��ӍL��M[JB�T��s3}��j�Nʖ��W����;7��ç?=X�F=-�=����q�ߚ���#���='�c��7���ڑW�I(O+=:uxq�������������e2�zi+�kuG�R��������0�&e�n���iT^J����~\jy���p'dtG��s����O��3����9* �b#Ɋ�� p������[Bws�T�>d4�ۧs���nv�n���U���_�~,�v����ƜJ1��s�� �QIz��)�(lv8M���U=�;����56��G���s#�K���MP�=��LvyGd��}�VwWBF�'�à �?MH�U�g2�� ����!�p�7Q��j��ڴ����=��j�u��� Jn�A s���uM������e��Ɔ�Ҕ�!)'��8Ϣ�ٔ��ޝ(��Vp���צ֖d=�IC�J�Ǡ{q������kԭ�߸���i��@K����u�|�p=..�*+����x�����z[Aqġ#s2a�Ɗ���RR�)*HRsi�~�a &f��M��P����-K�L@��Z��Xy�'x�{}��Zm+���:�)�) IJ�-i�u���� ���ܒH��'�L(7�y�GӜq���� j��� 6ߌg1�g�o���,kر���tY�?W,���p���e���f�OQS��!K�۟cҒA�|ս�j�>��=⬒��˧L[�� �߿2JaB~R��u�:��Q�] �0H~���]�7��Ƽ�I���(}��cq '�ήET���q�?f�ab���ӥvr� �)o��-Q��_'����ᴎo��K������;��V���o��%���~OK ����*��b�f:���-ťIR��`B�5!RB@���ï�� �u �̯e\�_U�_������� g�ES��3�������QT��a����x����U<~�c?�*�#]�MW,[8O�a�x��]�1bC|踤�P��lw5V%�)�{t�<��d��5���0i�XSU��m:��Z�┵�i�"��1�^B�-��P�hJ��&)O��*�D��c�W��vM��)����}���P��ܗ-q����\mmζZ-l@�}��a��E�6��F�@��&Sg@���ݚ�M����� ȹ 4����#p�\H����dYDo�H���"��\��..R�B�H�z_�/5˘����6��KhJR��P�mƶi�m���3�,#c�co��q�a)*Pt����R�m�k�7x�D�E�\Y�閣_X�<���~�)���c[[�BP����6�Yq���S��0����%_����;��Àv�~�| VS؇ ��'O0��F0��\���U�-�d@�����7�SJ*z��3n��y��P����O���������m�~�P�3|Y��ʉr#�C�<�G~�.,! ���bqx���h~0=��!ǫ�jy����l�O,�[B��~��|9��ٱ����Xly�#�i�B��g%�S��������tˋ���e���ې��\[d�t)��.+u�|1 ������#�~Oj����hS�%��i.�~X���I�H�m��0n���c�1uE�q��cF�RF�o���7� �O�ꮧ� ���ۛ{��ʛi5�rw?׌#Qn�TW��~?y$��m\�\o����%W� ?=>S�N@�� �Ʈ���R����N�)�r"C�:��:����� �����#��qb��Y�. �6[��2K����2u�Ǧ�HYR��Q�MV��� �G�$��Q+.>�����nNH��q�^��� ����q��mM��V��D�+�-�#*�U�̒ ���p욳��u:�������IB���m���PV@O���r[b= �� ��1U�E��_Nm�yKbN�O���U�}�the�`�|6֮P>�\2�P�V���I�D�i�P�O;�9�r�mAHG�W�S]��J*�_�G��+kP�2����Ka�Z���H�'K�x�W�MZ%�O�YD�Rc+o��?�q��Ghm��d�S�oh�\�D�|:W������UA�Qc yT�q������~^�H��/��#p�CZ���T�I�1�ӏT����4��"�ČZ�����}��`w�#�*,ʹ�� ��0�i��課�Om�*�da��^gJ݅{���l�e9uF#T�ֲ��̲�ٞC"�q���ߍ ոޑ�o#�XZTp����@ o�8��(jd��xw�]�,f���`~�|,s��^����f�1���t��|��m�򸄭/ctr��5s��7�9Q�4�H1꠲BB@l9@���C�����+�wp�xu�£Yc�9��?`@#�o�mH�s2��)�=��2�.�l����jg�9$�Y�S�%*L������R�Y������7Z���,*=�䷘$�������arm�o�ϰ���UW.|�r�uf����IGw�t����Zwo��~5 ��YյhO+=8fF�)�W�7�L9lM�̘·Y���֘YLf�큹�pRF���99.A �"wz��=E\Z���'a� 2��Ǚ�#;�'}�G���*��l��^"q��+2FQ� hj��kŦ��${���ޮ-�T�٭cf�|�3#~�RJ����t��$b�(R��(����r���dx� >U b�&9,>���%E\� Ά�e�$��'�q't��*�א���ެ�b��-|d���SB�O�O��$�R+�H�)�܎�K��1m`;�J�2�Y~9��O�g8=vqD`K[�F)k�[���1m޼c��n���]s�k�z$@��)!I �x՝"v��9=�ZA=`Ɠi �:�E��)`7��vI��}d�YI�_ �o�:ob���o ���3Q��&D&�2=�� �Ά��;>�h����y.*ⅥS������Ӭ�+q&����j|UƧ����}���J0��WW< ۋS�)jQR�j���Ư��rN)�Gű�4Ѷ(�S)Ǣ�8��i��W52���No˓� ۍ%�5brOn�L�;�n��\G����=�^U�dI���8$�&���h��'���+�(������cȁ߫k�l��S^���cƗjԌE�ꭔ��gF���Ȓ��@���}O���*;e�v�WV���YJ\�]X'5��ղ�k�F��b 6R�o՜m��i N�i����>J����?��lPm�U��}>_Z&�KK��q�r��I�D�Չ~�q�3fL�:S�e>���E���-G���{L�6p�e,8��������QI��h��a�Xa��U�A'���ʂ���s�+טIjP�-��y�8ۈZ?J$��W�P� ��R�s�]��|�l(�ԓ��sƊi��o(��S0��Y� 8�T97.�����WiL��c�~�dxc�E|�2!�X�K�Ƙਫ਼�$((�6�~|d9u+�qd�^3�89��Y�6L�.I�����?���iI�q���9�)O/뚅����O���X��X�V��ZF[�یgQ�L��K1���RҖr@v�#��X�l��F���Нy�S�8�7�kF!A��sM���^rkp�jP�DyS$N���q��nxҍ!U�f�!eh�i�2�m���`�Y�I�9r�6� �TF���C}/�y�^���Η���5d�'��9A-��J��>{�_l+�`��A���[�'��յ�ϛ#w:݅�%��X�}�&�PSt�Q�"�-��\縵�/����$Ɨh�Xb�*�y��BS����;W�ջ_mc�����vt?2}1�;qS�d�d~u:2k5�2�R�~�z+|HE!)�Ǟl��7`��0�<�,�2*���Hl-��x�^����'_TV�gZA�'j� ^�2Ϊ��N7t�����?w�� �x1��f��Iz�C-Ȗ��K�^q�;���-W�DvT�7��8�Z�������� hK�(P:��Q- �8�n�Z���܃e貾�<�1�YT<�,�����"�6{/ �?�͟��|1�:�#g��W�>$����d��J��d�B��=��jf[��%rE^��il:��B���x���Sּ�1հ��,�=��*�7 fcG��#q� �eh?��2�7�����,�!7x��6�n�LC�4x��},Geǝ�tC.��vS �F�43��zz\��;QYC,6����~;RYS/6���|2���5���v��T��i����������mlv��������&� �nRh^ejR�LG�f���? �ۉҬܦƩ��|��Ȱ����>3����!v��i�ʯ�>�v��オ�X3e���_1z�Kȗ\<������!�8���V��]��?b�k41�Re��T�q��mz��TiOʦ�Z��Xq���L������q"+���2ۨ��8}�&N7XU7Ap�d�X��~�׿��&4e�o�F��� �H����O���č�c�� 懴�6���͉��+)��v;j��ݷ�� �UV�� i��� j���Y9GdÒJ1��詞�����V?h��l����l�cGs�ځ�������y�Ac�����\V3�? �� ܙg�>qH�S,�E�W�[�㺨�uch�⍸�O�}���a��>�q�6�n6����N6�q������N ! 1AQaq�0@����"2BRb�#Pr���3C`��Scst���$4D���%Td�� ?���N����a��3��m���C���w��������xA�m�q�m���m������$����4n淿t'��C"w��zU=D�\R+w�p+Y�T�&�պ@��ƃ��3ޯ?�Aﶂ��aŘ���@-�����Q�=���9D��ռ�ѻ@��M�V��P��܅�G5�f�Y<�u=,EC)�<�Fy'�"�&�չ�X~f��l�KԆV��?�� �W�N����=(� �;���{�r����ٌ�Y���h{�١������jW����P���Tc�����X�K�r��}���w�R��%��?���E��m�� �Y�q|����\lEE4���r���}�lsI�Y������f�$�=�d�yO����p�����yBj8jU�o�/�S��?�U��*������ˍ�0������u�q�m [�?f����a�� )Q�>����6#������� ?����0UQ����,IX���(6ڵ[�DI�MNލ�c&���υ�j\��X�R|,4��� j������T�hA�e��^���d���b<����n�� �즇�=!���3�^�`j�h�ȓr��jẕ�c�,ٞX����-����a�ﶔ���#�$��]w�O��Ӫ�1y%��L�Y<�wg#�ǝ�̗`�x�xa�t�w��»1���o7o5��>�m뭛C���Uƃߜ}�C���y1Xνm�F8�jI���]����H���ۺиE@I�i;r�8ӭ����V�F�Շ| ��&?�3|x�B�MuS�Ge�=Ӕ�#BE5G�����Y!z��_e��q�р/W>|-�Ci߇�t�1ޯќd�R3�u��g�=0 5��[?�#͏��q�cf���H��{ ?u�=?�?ǯ���}Z��z���hmΔ�BFTW�����<�q�(v� ��!��z���iW]*�J�V�z��gX֧A�q�&��/w���u�gYӘa���; �i=����g:��?2�dž6�ى�k�4�>�Pxs����}������G�9��3 ���)gG�R<>r h�$��'nc�h�P��Bj��J�ҧH� -��N1���N��?��~��}-q!=��_2hc�M��l�vY%UE�@|�v����M2�.Y[|y�"Eï��K�ZF,�ɯ?,q�?v�M 80jx�"�;�9vk�����+ ֧�� �ȺU��?�%�vcV��mA�6��Qg^M����A}�3�nl� QRN�l8�kkn�'�����(��M�7m9و�q���%ޟ���*h$Zk"��$�9��: �?U8�Sl��,,|ɒ��xH(ѷ����Gn�/Q�4�P��G�%��Ա8�N��!� �&�7�;���eKM7�4��9R/%����l�c>�x;������>��C�:�����t��h?aKX�bhe�ᜋ^�$�Iհ �hr7%F$�E��Fd���t��5���+�(M6�t����Ü�UU|zW�=a�Ts�Tg������dqP�Q����b'�m���1{|Y����X�N��b �P~��F^F:����k6�"�j!�� �I�r�`��1&�-$�Bevk:y���#yw��I0��x��=D�4��tU���P�ZH��ڠ底taP��6����b>�xa����Q�#� WeF��ŮNj�p�J* mQ�N����*I�-*�ȩ�F�g�3 �5��V�ʊ�ɮ�a��5F���O@{���NX��?����H�]3��1�Ri_u��������ѕ�� ����0��� F��~��:60�p�͈�S��qX#a�5>���`�o&+�<2�D����: �������ڝ�$�nP���*)�N�|y�Ej�F�5ټ�e���ihy�Z �>���k�bH�a�v��h�-#���!�Po=@k̆IEN��@��}Ll?j�O������߭�ʞ���Q|A07x���wt!xf���I2?Z��<ץ�T���cU�j��]��陎Ltl �}5�ϓ��$�,��O�mˊ�;�@O��jE��j(�ا,��LX���LO���Ц�90�O �.����a��nA���7������j4 ��W��_ٓ���zW�jcB������y՗+EM�)d���N�g6�y1_x��p�$Lv:��9�"z��p���ʙ$��^��JԼ*�ϭ����o���=x�Lj�6�J��u82�A�H�3$�ٕ@�=Vv�]�'�qEz�;I˼��)��=��ɯ���x �/�W(V���p�����$ �m�������u�����񶤑Oqˎ�T����r��㠚x�sr�GC��byp�G��1ߠ�w e�8�$⿄����/�M{*}��W�]˷.�CK\�ުx���/$�WPw���r� |i���&�}�{�X� �>��$-��l���?-z���g����lΆ���(F���h�vS*���b���߲ڡn,|)mrH[���a�3�ר�[1��3o_�U�3�TC�$��(�=�)0�kgP���� ��u�^=��4 �WYCҸ:��vQ�ר�X�à��tk�m,�t*��^�,�}D*� �"(�I��9R����>`�`��[~Q]�#af��i6l��8���6�:,s�s�N6�j"�A4���IuQ��6E,�GnH��zS�HO�uk�5$�I�4��ؤ�Q9�@��C����wp�BGv[]�u�Ov���0I4���\��y�����Q�Ѹ��~>Z��8�T��a��q�ޣ;z��a���/��S��I:�ܫ_�|������>=Z����8:�S��U�I�J��"IY���8%b8���H��:�QO�6�;7�I�S��J��ҌAά3��>c���E+&jf$eC+�z�;��V����� �r���ʺ������my�e���aQ�f&��6�ND��.:��NT�vm�<- u���ǝ\MvZY�N�NT��-A�>jr!S��n�O 1�3�Ns�%�3D@���`������ܟ 1�^c<���� �a�ɽ�̲�Xë#�w�|y�cW�=�9I*H8�p�^(4���՗�k��arOcW�tO�\�ƍR��8����'�K���I�Q�����?5�>[�}��yU�ײ -h��=��% q�ThG�2�)���"ו3]�!kB��*p�FDl�A���,�eEi�H�f�Ps�����5�H:�Փ~�H�0Dت�D�I����h�F3�������c��2���E��9�H��5�zԑ�ʚ�i�X�=:m�xg�hd(�v����׊�9iS��O��d@0ڽ���:�p�5�h-��t�&���X�q�ӕ,��ie�|���7A�2���O%P��E��htj��Y1��w�Ѓ!����  ���� ࢽ��My�7�\�a�@�ţ�J �4�Ȼ�F�@o�̒?4�wx��)��]�P��~�����u�����5�����7X ��9��^ܩ�U;Iꭆ 5 �������eK2�7(�{|��Y׎ �V��\"���Z�1� Z�����}��(�Ǝ"�1S���_�vE30>���p;� ΝD��%x�W�?W?v����o�^V�i�d��r[��/&>�~`�9Wh��y�;���R��� ;;ɮT��?����r$�g1�K����A��C��c��K��l:�'��3 c�ﳯ*"t8�~l��)���m��+U,z��`(�>yJ�?����h>��]��v��ЍG*�{`��;y]��I�T� ;c��NU�fo¾h���/$���|NS���1�S�"�H��V���T���4��uhǜ�]�v;���5�͠x��'C\�SBpl���h}�N����� A�Bx���%��ޭ�l��/����T��w�ʽ]D�=����K���ž�r㻠l4�S�O?=�k �M:� ��c�C�a�#ha���)�ѐxc�s���gP�iG��{+���x���Q���I= �� z��ԫ+ �8"�k�ñ�j=|����c ��y��CF��/��*9ж�h{ �?4�o� ��k�m�Q�N�x��;�Y��4膚�a�w?�6�>e]�����Q�r�:����g�,i"�����ԩA�*M�<�G��b�if��l^M��5� �Ҩ�{����6J��ZJ�����P�*�����Y���ݛu�_4�9�I8�7���������,^ToR���m4�H��?�N�S�ѕw��/S��甍�@�9H�S�T��t�ƻ���ʒU��*{Xs�@����f�����֒Li�K{H�w^���������Ϥm�tq���s� ���ք��f:��o~s��g�r��ט� �S�ѱC�e]�x���a��) ���(b-$(�j>�7q�B?ӕ�F��hV25r[7 Y� }L�R��}����*sg+��x�r�2�U=�*'WS��ZDW]�WǞ�<��叓���{�$�9Ou4��y�90-�1�'*D`�c�^o?(�9��u���ݐ��'PI&� f�Jݮ�������:wS����jfP1F:X �H�9dԯ���˝[�_54 �}*;@�ܨ�� ð�yn�T���?�ןd�#���4rG�ͨ��H�1�|-#���Mr�S3��G�3�����)�.᧏3v�z֑��r����$G"�`j �1t��x0<Ɔ�Wh6�y�6��,œ�Ga��gA����y��b��)��h�D��ß�_�m��ü �gG;��e�v��ݝ�nQ� ��C����-�*��o���y�a��M��I�>�<���]obD��"�:���G�A��-\%LT�8���c�)��+y76���o�Q�#*{�(F�⽕�y����=���rW�\p���۩�c���A���^e6��K������ʐ�cVf5$�'->���ՉN"���F�"�UQ@�f��Gb~��#�&�M=��8�ט�JNu9��D��[̤�s�o�~������ G��9T�tW^g5y$b��Y'��س�Ǵ�=��U-2 #�MC�t(�i� �lj�@Q 5�̣i�*�O����s�x�K�f��}\��M{E�V�{�υ��Ƈ�����);�H����I��fe�Lȣr�2��>��W�I�Ȃ6������i��k�� �5�YOxȺ����>��Y�f5'��|��H+��98pj�n�.O�y�������jY��~��i�w'������l�;�s�2��Y��:'lg�ꥴ)o#'Sa�a�K��Z� �m��}�`169�n���"���x��I ��*+� }F<��cГ���F�P�������ֹ*�PqX�x۩��,� ��N�� �4<-����%����:��7����W���u�`����� $�?�I��&����o��o��`v�>��P��"��l���4��5'�Z�gE���8���?��[�X�7(��.Q�-��*���ތL@̲����v��.5���[��=�t\+�CNܛ��,g�SQnH����}*F�G16���&:�t��4ُ"A��̣��$�b �|����#rs��a�����T�� ]�<�j��BS�('$�ɻ� �wP;�/�n��?�ݜ��x�F��yUn�~mL*-�������Xf�wd^�a�}��f�,=t�׵i�.2/wpN�Ep8�OР���•��R�FJ� 55TZ��T �ɭ�<��]��/�0�r�@�f��V��V����Nz�G��^���7hZi����k��3�,kN�e|�vg�1{9]_i��X5y7� 8e]�U����'�-2,���e"����]ot�I��Y_��n�(JҼ��1�O ]bXc���Nu�No��pS���Q_���_�?i�~�x h5d'�(qw52] ��'ޤ�q��o1�R!���`ywy�A4u���h<קy���\[~�4�\ X�Wt/� 6�����n�F�a8��f���z �3$�t(���q��q�x��^�XWeN'p<-v�!�{�(>ӽDP7��ո0�y)�e$ٕv�Ih'Q�EA�m*�H��RI��=:��� ���4牢) �%_iN�ݧ�l]� �Nt���G��H�L��� ɱ�g<���1V�,�J~�ٹ�"K��Q�� 9�HS�9�?@��k����r�;we݁�]I�!{ �@�G�[�"��`���J:�n]�{�cA�E����V��ʆ���#��U9�6����j�#Y�m\��q�e4h�B�7��C�������d<�?J����1g:ٳ���=Y���D�p�ц� ׈ǔ��1�]26؜oS�'��9�V�FVu�P�h�9�xc�oq�X��p�o�5��Ա5$�9W�V(�[Ak�aY錎qf;�'�[�|���b�6�Ck��)��#a#a˙��8���=äh�4��2��C��4tm^ �n'c���]GQ$[Wҿ��i���vN�{Fu ��1�gx��1┷���N�m��{j-,��x�� Ūm�ЧS�[�s���Gna���䑴�� x�p 8<������97�Q���ϴ�v�aϚG��Rt�Һ׈�f^\r��WH�JU�7Z���y)�vg=����n��4�_)y��D'y�6�]�c�5̪�\� �PF�k����&�c;��cq�$~T�7j ���nç]�<�g ":�to�t}�159�<�/�8������m�b�K#g'I'.W�����6��I/��>v��\�MN��g���m�A�yQL�4u�Lj�j9��#44�t��l^�}L����n��R��!��t��±]��r��h6ٍ>�yҏ�N��fU�� ���� Fm@�8}�/u��jb9������he:A�y�ծw��GpΧh�5����l}�3p468��)U��d��c����;Us/�֔�YX�1�O2��uq�s��`hwg�r~�{ R��mhN��؎*q 42�*th��>�#���E����#��Hv�O����q�}�����6�e��\�,Wk�#���X��b>��p}�դ��3���T5��†��6��[��@�P�y*n��|'f�֧>�lư΂�̺����SU�'*�q�p�_S�����M�� '��c�6�����m�� ySʨ;M��r���Ƌ�m�Kxo,���Gm�P��A�G�:��i��w�9�}M(�^�V��$ǒ�ѽ�9���|���� �a����J�SQ�a���r�B;����}���ٻ֢�2�%U���c�#�g���N�a�ݕ�'�v�[�OY'��3L�3�;,p�]@�S��{ls��X�'���c�jw�k'a�.��}�}&�� �dP�*�bK=ɍ!����;3n�gΊU�ߴmt�'*{,=SzfD� A��ko~�G�aoq�_mi}#�m�������P�Xhύ����mxǍ�΂���巿zf��Q���c���|kc�����?���W��Y�$���_Lv����l߶��c���`?����l�j�ݲˏ!V��6����U�Ђ(A���4y)H���p�Z_�x��>���e��R��$�/�`^'3qˏ�-&Q�=?��CFVR �D�fV�9��{�8g�������n�h�(P"��6�[�D���< E�����~0<@�`�G�6����Hг�cc�� �c�K.5��D��d�B���`?�XQ��2��ٿyqo&+�1^� DW�0�ꊩ���G�#��Q�nL3��c���������/��x ��1�1[y�x�პCW��C�c�UĨ80�m�e�4.{�m��u���I=��f�����0QRls9���f���������9���~f�����Ǩ��a�"@�8���ȁ�Q����#c�ic������G��$���G���r/$W�(��W���V�"��m�7�[m�A�m����bo��D� j����۳� l���^�k�h׽����� ��#� iXn�v��eT�k�a�^Y�4�BN��ĕ��0 !01@Q"2AaPq3BR������?���@4�Q�����T3,���㺠�W�[=JK�Ϟ���2�r^7��vc�:�9 �E�ߴ�w�S#d���Ix��u��:��Hp��9E!�� V 2;73|F��9Y���*ʬ�F��D����u&���y؟��^EA��A��(ɩ���^��GV:ݜDy�`��Jr29ܾ�㝉��[���E;Fzx��YG��U�e�Y�C���� ����v-tx����I�sם�Ę�q��Eb�+P\ :>�i�C'�;�����k|z�رn�y]�#ǿb��Q��������w�����(�r|ӹs��[�D��2v-%��@;�8<a���[\o[ϧw��I!��*0�krs)�[�J9^��ʜ��p1)� "��/_>��o��<1����A�E�y^�C��`�x1'ܣn�p��s`l���fQ��):�l����b>�Me�jH^?�kl3(�z:���1ŠK&?Q�~�{�ٺ�h�y���/�[��V�|6��}�KbX����mn[-��7�5q�94�������dm���c^���h� X��5��<�eޘ>G���-�}�دB�ޟ� ��|�rt�M��V+�]�c?�-#ڛ��^ǂ}���Lkr���O��u�>�-D�ry� D?:ޞ�U��ǜ�7�V��?瓮�"�#���r��չģVR;�n���/_� ؉v�ݶe5d�b9��/O��009�G���5n�W����JpA�*�r9�>�1��.[t���s�F���nQ� V 77R�]�ɫ8����_0<՜�IF�u(v��4��F�k�3��E)��N:��yڮe��P�`�1}�$WS��J�SQ�N�j�ٺ��޵�#l���ј(�5=��5�lǏmoW�v-�1����v,W�mn��߀$x�<����v�j(����c]��@#��1������Ǔ���o'��u+����;G�#�޸��v-lη��/(`i⣍Pm^���ԯ̾9Z��F��������n��1��� ��]�[��)�'������:�֪�W��FC����� �B9،!?���]��V��A�Վ�M��b�w��G F>_DȬ0¤�#�QR�[V��kz���m�w�"��9ZG�7'[��=�Q����j8R?�zf�\a�=��O�U����*oB�A�|G���2�54 �p��.w7� �� ��&������ξxGHp� B%��$g�����t�Џ򤵍z���HN�u�Я�-�'4��0��;_��3 !01"@AQa2Pq#3BR������?��ʩca��en��^��8���<�u#��m*08r��y�N"�<�Ѳ0��@\�p��� �����Kv�D��J8�Fҽ� �f�Y��-m�ybX�NP����}�!*8t(�OqѢ��Q�wW�K��ZD��Δ^e��!� ��B�K��p~�����e*l}z#9ң�k���q#�Ft�o��S�R����-�w�!�S���Ӥß|M�l޶V��!eˈ�8Y���c�ЮM2��tk���� ������J�fS����Ö*i/2�����n]�k�\���|4yX�8��U�P.���Ы[���l��@"�t�<������5�lF���vU�����W��W��;�b�cД^6[#7@vU�xgZv��F�6��Q,K�v��� �+Ъ��n��Ǣ��Ft���8��0��c�@�!�Zq s�v�t�;#](B��-�nῃ~���3g������5�J�%���O������n�kB�ĺ�.r��+���#�N$?�q�/�s�6��p��a����a��J/��M�8��6�ܰ"�*������ɗud"\w���aT(����[��F��U՛����RT�b���n�*��6���O��SJ�.�ij<�v�MT��R\c��5l�sZB>F��<7�;EA��{��E���Ö��1U/�#��d1�a�n.1ě����0�ʾR�h��|�R��Ao�3�m3 ��%�� ���28Q� ��y��φ���H�To�7�lW>����#i`�q���c����a��� �m,B�-j����݋�'mR1Ήt�>��V��p���s�0IbI�C.���1R�ea�����]H�6����������4B>��o��](��$B���m�����a�!=��?�B� K�Ǿ+�Ծ"�n���K��*��+��[T#�{E�J�S����Q�����s�5�:�U�\wĐ�f�3����܆&�)����I���Ԇw��E T�lrTf6Q|R�h:��[K�� �z��c֧�G�C��%\��_�a�84��HcO�bi��ؖV��7H �)*ģK~Xhչ0��4?�0��� �E<���}3���#���u�?�� ��|g�S�6ꊤ�|�I#Hڛ� �ա��w�X��9��7���Ŀ%�SL��y6č��|�F�a 8���b��$�sק�h���b9RAu7�˨p�Č�_\*w��묦��F ����4D~�f����|(�"m���NK��i�S�>�$d7SlA��/�²����SL��|6N�}���S�˯���g��]6��; �#�.��<���q'Q�1|KQ$�����񛩶"�$r�b:���N8�w@��8$�� �AjfG|~�9F ���Y��ʺ��Bwؒ������M:I岎�G��`s�YV5����6��A �b:�W���G�q%l�����F��H���7�������Fsv7��k�� 403WebShell
403Webshell
Server IP : 172.67.215.126  /  Your IP : 172.69.214.60
Web Server : Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)
System : Linux ip-172-31-19-221 6.8.0-1029-aws #31~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 24 21:16:18 UTC 2025 x86_64
User : www-data ( 33)
PHP Version : 8.1.28
Disable Function : NONE
MySQL : OFF  |  cURL : ON  |  WGET : ON  |  Perl : ON  |  Python : OFF  |  Sudo : ON  |  Pkexec : ON
Directory :  /efsdata/scitechnol.com/httpdocs/online-submissions/

Upload File :
current_dir [ Writeable ] document_root [ Writeable ]

 

Command :


[ Back ]     

Current File : /efsdata/scitechnol.com/httpdocs/online-submissions/7631-0-Manuscript-2018-10-11.doc
��ࡱ�>��	EG����BCD�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������[�	���sbjbj����	|�ΐΐc��������$$ggggg����{{{{�w�{"HfcyyyyTTT�E�E�E�E�E�E�E$�I�*LZ�E�gTTTTT�Eggyy��Gz.z.z.T"gygy�Ez.T�Ez.z.�SB�Dy����p�ޏ a�{v*�C�E�G0"H#C\�L�-|�L0DD��LgAE�TTz.TTTTT�E�Ez.TTT"HTTTT���������������������������������������������������������������������LTTTTTTTTT$	-:	ROLE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN MULBERRY
Saranya. M*, S. V. Krishnamoorthy and K. A. Murugesh
Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Mettupalayam- 641 301, Tamil Nadu.
  *Email: HYPERLINK "mailto:saranya1153@gmail.com"saranya1153@gmail.com
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus sp.) is the deep rooted, perennial crop is one of the economically important trees grown in Asian country which is sole food for silkworm growth and development. Plant growth regulators are organic compounds synthesized in specified plant parts in small quantity and are transported to the place of requirement leading to a change in physiological responses. The commercially available plant growth regulators are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene. About 80% rooting was obtained from shoots cultured on the MS supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/l) (Mohammad Anis et al., 2003). Regeneration and production of multiple shoots were achieved from nodal segments with auxillary buds of a field grown mature tree of Morus nigra L. It was observed that BAP (5.2mg/l) was found to be effective in inducing shoot regeneration from explants obtained from field grown trees. NAA (0.5mg/l) was found to be more effective than IAA and IBA for root induction (Mehbooba Zaki et al., 2011). Kinetin stimulates the root growth of mulberry cuttings and at 100 ppm increase the growth of auxillary buds (Lee, 1984). Among the treatments tried, number of sprouted cuttings, length of the roots / cutting, percentage of rooted cutting, lengths of longest sprouts of root were higher in IBA 2000 mg.L-1 (Singh et al., 2014). Foliar spray of IAA and GA�  were significantly improving leaf lobation and sex expression of Kajli and Mysore local cultivars of mulberry (Dhiraj et al., 2011). Vermiwash also contain 86% auxins, 58% gibberellins and 90% kinetin-like growth promoting substances (Dhiraj et al., 2011). The combined effect of different plant growth regulators improves the mulberry growth and development.

Keywords: Mulberry, growth regulators and growth improvement 

INTRODUCTION
Plant growth regulators are organic compounds synthesized in specified plant parts in small quantity and are transported to the place of requirement leading to a change in physiological responses. The plant growth regulators play a vital role in mulberry leaf yield which leads to increase the cocoon yield. The commercially available plant growth regulators are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene. The newly included plant growth hormone as promoter is Brassinosteroid. Vermicompost are also having plant growth-promoting activity to increase the leaf yield and quality and also inducing the systemic resistance against the pathogen. Mulberry is the perennial crop and it is the sole food crop for silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Thus, the usage of plant growth regulators is also somewhat different. Under favorable conditions, plant growth promoters are increasing the sprouting of plants and enhance the leaf yield. Under unfavorable conditions, plant growth retardants are used to reduce the yield losses by reducing the evaporation and transpiration.
Auxin
In normally growing plants, the auxin phytohormones are responsible for phototropism and apical dominance. They also influence abscission of blooms, leaves, and fruit, making them valuable tools in bringing fruits and horticultural products to market. Auxins are widely used in plant propagation and tissue culture. Cuttings are routinely treated with auxins to induce root formation. Auxin is synthesis by Indole-3pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway by using the precursor Tryptophan. Plants largely produce auxin in shoot tips and translocate to roots. The primary auxin in plants is indole-3-acetic acid. The synthetic auxins are �-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4- Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D).
The potent natural auxin, 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), is available in both acid and salt form. Its metabolic precursor, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), is more stable in some instances. Naturally occurring phenyl acetic acid is weaker than IAA, but may be more abundant in nature. Synthetic auxins, such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2-4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) are potent and less expensive alternatives to IAA. 2, 4-D is very often the auxin of choice in inducing callus and in keeping cells in the dedifferentiated state. 
Auxin, mainly used to induce the apical dominance, fruit development and lateral root formation. Generally, auxin and auxin like compounds are inducing root formation, increase in root number and length. IAA at 500 ppm were increased the leaf yield by 67% . IAA (Indole- 3-acetic acid) at 1000 ppm, improves leaf lobation and induces femaleness. Das et al. [3] have shown that the leaf yield can be increased by 29% by spraying 250 ppm of NAA in cultivar S1 and also in case of local variety, which also gave net profit of Rs.1870/- per hectare per crop. The application of NAA at 500 ppm were reduced the lateral growth of plant. NAA and IBA are more effective in inducing the rooting of plant. In soaking method, the concentration of auxin is about 50 � 150 ppm (2 cm of basal portion is immersed for more than 16 hours) and 4000-7000 ppm in dip method (dip the 2 cm of basal portion for 2-3 seconds before planting in the field).
 	Mukherjee and Sikdar shown that NAA, Thiamine and Ascorbic acid used either singly or in combination has a perceptible effect in prompting rooting in cuttings of S146 strain of mulberry. Thiamine and Ascorbic acid when applied singly are superior to NAA. Thiamine when applied alone has shown optimum results with high survival, greater number and length of roots per cutting as well as maximum gain in total fresh and dry weights after an interval of 60 days. Among the combination of two vitamins or combination of either with hormone or combination with of both with hormone, the former has failed to initiate more number and length of longest root per cutting as compared to a single vitamin. Combination of two vitamins with hormone has shown the least effect. However, it has been observed that addition of thiamine to NAA has resulted in better survival and a general increase in number and length of the longest root per plant as also total fresh and dry weights as compared to NAA alone or NAA + Ascorbic acid. Between thiamine, Thiamine + Ascorbic acid and Ascorbic acid, it has been observed that thiamine alone induced greater number of roots and gain in dry matter as compared to others. Addition of Ascorbic acid to Thiamine resulted in a small increase in survival only. Ascorbic acid when applied singly produced more roots and greater fresh and dry weight per cutting as compared to Thiamine + Ascorbic acid.
Supplementation of sucrose at 2% with IAA or NAA or 2, 4-D or IBA was also more effective in inducing rooting in Kosen variety. Mukherjee and Sikdar showed that in addition of vitamins (Thiamine) with sucrose at 2% and IAA or NAA or 2, 4-D or IBA also induce rooting. IAA spray at later stages, considerably decreases the leaf senescence and leaf abscission, because auxin closely linked to the regulation of protein and RNA synthesis. Application of TIBA (auxin transport inhibitor) to the shoot apex, the movement of auxin down to laterals inhibited and thus induces more growth of the laterals. Auxin favors root formation, in tissue culture.
After 30 days of growth shoot apices in MS medium, the shoots were transferred to MS medium containing 2.6 �M NAA, 30 mg l-1 sucrose and 0.2% NaCl, for screening the salinity tolerance under in-vitro condition for root-related studies. Successful root formation from calli in the presence of 1 �M each of IAA, IBA and IPA supplemented individually.
Kauppinen et al.,(2000) found that IBA promoted rooting base cuttings treated with 100 mg/1 or 200 mg/1 IBA resulted in the highest percentage of rooted cutting the rooting percentage was acceptable for the best treatments in 1998.
Pelicanol et al., (2007) found that application of IBA to mulberry (Morus alba), done the best responses in terms of root growth were obtained with young cuttings treated with IBA 3500 mg. kg-1 and with a high percentage of root growth in the first month (80%) and (83%) in the second month.
Frequency of callus initiation was high on MS modified medium incorporated with 2.0 mg l-1 of 2,4-D, 100 mg l-1 of casein acid hydrolysate and 150 ml l-1 of coconut water. Regeneration through organogenesis was achieved in six genotypes indicating genotypic specificity. Incubation of the immobilized Subong cells in a full strength MS liquid medium containing 1 mg l-1 of 2,4-D, produced 4.2 �g secreted rutin g-1 callus cells, which is the sum of 0.7 �g endogenous rutin and 3.5 �g secreted rutin g-1 of callus. 
Treatment of cuttings with chemical formulations of 0.02% IBA + 0.2% p-HBA + 2% sucrose + 5% captan maximized rooting (96.05%), number of leaves per cutting (7.46), primary root number (12.56), primary root length (7.91 cm), fresh root length (8.62 g) and dry root weight (5.64 g). IBA at 4000 ppm showed highest percentage of rooting, number of primary roots, length of longest primary root and length of basal portion of cuttings showing roots. IBA translocates poorly and remains near the site of application, and so it was found to be one of the best rooting stimulator. NAA at 4000 ppm also noted similar differences and combination of IBA and NAA where 4000 ppm was also more effective and synergetically promoted secondary root to form profuse network). However, high level of auxins associated with comparatively reduced root growth would have retarded the carbohydrate metabolisation and caused nutritional imbalance. 
NAA applied as a spray reduced the number of lateral buds sprouting from both defoliated, decapitated erect shoots and intact horizontally trained shoots in the 10 yrs old plant. IAA at 150 ppm recorded highest rooting (100%), length of the longest root per plant (19.20 cm), average number of roots per plant (10.60), survival (74%), number of leaves per plant (14.30), fresh weight of shoot (10.02 g/plant) and weight of root (1.34 g/plant) in S36. IAA at 200 ppm resulted in higher rooting (100%), length of the longest root per plant (21.16 cm), average number of roots (10.20), survival (86%), number of leaves per plant (13.50), fresh weight of shoot (9.94 g/plant) and fresh weight of root (1.66 g/plant).
Kalyoncu et al. (2009) shown the effects of IBA doses (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm) on softwood top cuttings of two black mulberry and one white mulberry types under misting system in the greenhouse. The highest rooting percentage was determined from black mulberry in 2000 and 3000 ppm IBA doses application (100%).
                 Effect of Diameter and growth regulators on percentage of rooting (%)
Diameter of cuttingIBA mg/IEffect of Diameter0500100020004000T140.00 g45.00 f g46.00 fg50.67 e55.67 f46.41 cT247.00 f g54.33 de54.33 de56.67 d61.72 d54.18 bT346.33 f g55.33 de62.00 c67.33 b72.83 b58.84 bT450.33 e g64.00 c66.00 bc75.67 a80.72 a65.01 aEffect of IBA45.92 c54.67 b57.88 b63.58 a64.83 a
Effect of auxin IBA and Kinetin on length of scions (cm)
IBA mg/lKinetin mg/lEffect of IBA0369052.67 e69.67 a-c71.00 a-c70.00 a-c65.83 a3063.33 c d70.00 a-c66.33 b-d72.00 a-c67.92 a6058.33 de75.00 a b77.00 a67.00 b-d69.33 a9064.33 c d67.00 b-d67.00 b-d75.00 a b68.33 aEffect of Kinetin59.67 b70.42 a70.33 a71.00 a 
Root initiation
Auxin and auxin like compounds were found much effective in root formation, increasing the root number and length in many mulberry varieties. Honda (1970) have shown that, both NAA and IBA are effective in inducing rooting. The concentrations are ranged from 50 t0 150 ppm in soaking method (2cm of basal portion is immersed for more than 16 hr) and 4000 to 7000 ppm in dip method (dip the 2cm of basal portion for 2 to 3 seconds before planting in the field). Supplementation of sucrose (2%) with IAA or NAA or 2,4-D or IBA was also found more effective in inducing rooting (Chakraborty and Mukherjee, 1980). Similarly, Mukherjee and Sikdar (1977) showed that in addition to the above vitamins (Thiamine) also found to influence rooting.
Rooting in mulberry is achieved mostly in halfstrength MS medium as it is found better than full strength. Among the plant hormones, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA is the best for M. alba, M. indica, M. multicaulis and M. latifolia resulting in 95% rooting (Vijayan et al., 2003), though indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) is the best auxin for M. nigra (Rao and Bapat, 1993). Vijayan et al. (1998) observed that higher concentrations of most of the auxins (>1.0 mg L-1) were inhibitory for root formation in mulberry and there was a strong interactive relationships among genotype, hormone type and concentration. Generally, rooting initiates is obtained within 12-18 days after transferring shoots to the rooting media (Hossain et al., 1992; Pattnaik and Chand, 1997).
   
 Effects of auxin on root induction in in vitro grown microcuttings, four weeks after culture on MS medium.
Kinds of auxin (mg/l)Response (%)Average no of roots/shootsIBA (0.5)603.0 � 0.02
IBA (1.0)701.5 � 0.14
IBA (2.0)--NAA (0.5)653.4 � 0.12
NAA (1.0)805.0 � 0.10
NAA (2.0)202.0 � 0.04

CYTOKININ
Cytokinins in the intact plant are the phytohormones that work from the bottom up. Made in the roots (also seeds and fruits), cytokinins travel up the xylem and promote lateral growth. Since auxins travel down from the growing tip and act to suppress lateral growth, these two types of hormones strike a balance. This relationship persists in tissue culture. When the active concentration of the two hormones are balanced, callus formation and growth is favored. When cytokinin predominates, shoots are formed. Although the name �cytokinin� indicates that these molecules promote cell division, in reality cell division requires both hormones. Optimal hormonal conditions for propagation differ from species to species, and also differ with the stage of development. We offer a wide variety of cytokinins. The naturally occurring purine cytokinin Zeatin as well as its metabolic precursor 2iP are listed with several choices of purity and formulations. Synthetic purine cytokinins, such as kinetin and BAP, are potent and economic alternatives. Substituted urea compounds, such as thidiazuron and CPPU do not occur in plants but act as cytokinins in tissue culture and may be optimal for the particular species being studied. 
Kinetin was the first cytokinin discovered and so named because of the compounds ability to promote cytokinesis (cell division). Though it is a natural compound, it is not made in plants, and is therefore usally considered a �synthetic� cytokinin . the most common form of naturally occurring cytokinin in plants today is called zeatin, which was isolated from corn (Zea mays). Cytokinins have been found in almost all higher plants as well as mosses, fungi, bacteria and also in tRNA of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes. today there are more than 200 natural and synthetic cytokinin combined. Cytokinin concentrations are highest in meristematic regions and areas of continuous growth potential such as roots; young leaf, developing fruits and seeds (Arteac, 1996; Mauseth, 1991; Raven,1992;Salisbury and Ross, 1992).
Cytokinin functions
Lists of some of the known physiological effects caused by cytokinins are listed below. The response will vary depending on the type of cytokinin and plant species (Davies, 1995; Mauseth, 1991; Raven, 1992; Salisbury and Ross, 1992). Cytokinins affects following plant processes:
Stimulates cell division
Stimulates morphogenesis (shoot initiation/bud formation) in tissue culture
Stimulates the growth of lateral buds-release of apical dominance
Stimulates leaf expansion resulting from cell enlargement
May enhance stomatal opening in some species 
Promotes the conversion of etioplasts into chloroplasts via stimulation of chlorophyll synthesis.
   	Kinetin found to stimulate the root growth of mulberry cuttings (Lee, 1984). Even optimum concentrations of 0.1 ppm ethrel, induced the rooting in mulberry cuttings but not further root growth (Suzuki, 1987). ABA have inhibitory effect on growth and development of roots at the concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 ppm but promotes the rooting of cuttings (Suzuki, 1987).
 	 Increase in kinetinin to 0.1 ppm or BA (1.0 mg/l to 10 mg/l) induces root formation, whereas, auxin induces the adventitious shoot formation and 3 ppm GA in MS medium along with auxin and cytokinin found to overcome the pseudo dormancy of buds. (Seki et al., 1971; Ohyama and Oka, 1976; Saito and Katagiri, 1989).
Kinetin stimulates the root growth of mulberry cuttings and at 100 ppm increase the growth of auxillary buds [24]. A decrease in strength of MS medium to 1/4 with 10 ppm of 6-benzyadenine (BA), resulted in more adventitious bud induction in isolated mulberry leaf taken from winter season. BAP at 1.0 mg/l also induce adventitious buds from immature leaf cuttings on MS medium. Mulberry shoots with winter buds, when exposed to low temperature of 10�C for various length of time, it was found that an increase in duration decreased the ABA content and increased the sprouting. 
Treating resting buds with BA at 50 or 100 ppm promoted sprouting. These treatments however, do not accelerate during the quiescent period of dormant buds [27]. BA at 8.8 �M, with the combination of 30 mg l-1 sucrose and 1.0% NaCl in MS medium are used for screening the salinity tolerance under in-vitro condition for shoot related studies.
 	Chudasama R.S et al., reported that  when NAA and KiN used in a ratio of 2.3, maximum root production was observed and percent callus induction decreased remarkably. These results suggest that when same combination of NAA was used with different source of cytokinins, i.e. KiN instead of BAP, rooting was observed.
	Dennis showed that an MS medium supplemented with 2.5 �M BA was optimum for in vitro-raised seedlings of Morus alba. Rapid clonal propagation through in vitro culture of apical shoot buds and nodal explants from mature leaves in MS medium was supplemented with 2.2   4.4 �M BAP, in an attempt to induce bud break and multiple shoot formation. And also Dennis showed an efficient in vitro culturing method for germplasm preservation on a modified MS medium supplemented with 4.4 �M BA. However fructose was added along with that media somewhat soft so that the cultured buds were prone to sinking. This new culture method was most successful when the media were plant hormone free. Rooting of explants was also observed on the medium without supplemental regulators.
Female flower formation from immature leaves that were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 4.4 �MBA, 20 g l-1 fructose and 4.0 g l-1 gelrite. The highest percentages of flower-bud formation were observed in genotypes Kanadasanso (6.1%) and Shin-ichinoso (2.4%). The ovaries of these flowers were swollen 70 days after culture initiation. On MS media supplemented with combination of 4.4 �M BAP and 4.6 �M Kinetin, were able to produce gynogenic plants from ovary culture of M. indica. Four plants developed from a single ovary within three weeks of culture. Using an MS medium supplemented with 2.2   22.0 �M BA was able to produce multiple shoots from nodal plants of a 10- year old M. laevigata. Shoot proliferation was higher when the BA level was raised to as much as 11 �M, but further increases suppressed development.

Mehbooba Zaki et al., 2011 reported that nodal segments with 2-3 axillary buds obtained from Juvenile branches of Morus nigra L. when inoculated on MS basal medium showed no response. In order to induce axillary shoot proliferation these explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins like BAP (0.2 and 0.5 mg/l) and Kn (5.0, 5.1 and 5.2 mg/l) of which the most effective concentrations  in shoot regeneration.
	Shoot apex and axillary bud explants of mulberry were cultured in liquid MS medium containing N- (2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N2 -phenylurea (a urea-type cytokinin) at 0.5-2.0 mg l-�. a single-step liquid medium which induces consecutive development of shoots and roots in a same medium and which yielded a high frequency of multiple bud bodies is useful for effective multiplication of mulberry plantlets with reduced labor and cost.
Bhau and Wakhlu showed MS medium containing BAP at 1.5 mg dm� with sucrose resulted in increased in shoot multiplication. BAP was the most effective cytokinin for shoot induction. Sucrose was the most suitable carbon source examined for shoot multiplication. Nodal explants rooted on an auxin-supplemented medium. The acclimatized plants were successfully transplanted in the field.
	Single node explants were excised and cultured on MS medium containing cytokinins. The number of shoots per explant increased with the increase of cytokinins up to 10 �M and declined in 15 �M. Maximum number of shoots was achieved in 10 �M BA followed by 10 �M kinetin. And maximum shoot length was also recorded in 5 �M BA. Highest percentage of shoot regeneration (80 � 6%) was obtained with genotype S799 on medium containing glucose and 8.9 �M BA. The foliar spray of kinetin based PGRs (Biozyme) spray to mulberry plant before onset of water logging, showed that biozyme partially compensated the water logging effect and increased the leaf yield by 30% and improved the chlorophyll, sugar content and  photosynthetic rate significantly.
    Effect of cytokinin (mg/l) on shoot regeneration from nodal segments of Morus nigra L.
Cytokinin (mg/l)
% age of culture forming usable shoots
Average No. of shoot/ explant
Average shoot length (cm)
MS basal Medium (Control)No Response
0.0
0.0
Kn0.2202.11.10.5303.22.1BAP5.0907.55.45.1602.53.05.2702.11.1
           Effect of auxin- cytokinin combination on nodal segments of Morus nigra L.
PGR�s (mg/l)
% of cultures regenerated
Average no. of shoots/explants
Average no. of roots/explants
Kn+IBA
1.0+0.5
202.1Creamish friable callus
2.0+1.0
303.1-BAP+IBA
1.0+0.5
303.52.12.0+1.0
404.63.2BAP+NAA
0.5+1.0
709.16.21.0+2.0
8010.28.1


Rooting responses (%), Callusing (%),Mean number of roots per rooted cutting and mean of root length(cm) in black mulberry

Gibberellin
Gibberellins are acidic compounds and are therefore also called gibberellic acids (GA) with a  different subscript to distinguish between them. GA3  has historically been called gibberellic acid but the term is also often used in describing all gibberellins. GA�s are wide spread and also for ubiquitous in both flowering (Angiosperms) and Non-flowering (Gymnosperms) plants as well as ferns. They have also been isolated from lower plants such as mosses and algae, atleast two fungal species and most recently from two bacteria species. There have been over 90 GA�s isolated, all of which are most likely not essential to the plant. Instead, these forms are probably inactive precursors are break down products of active gibberellins (Arteac, 1996; Mauseth, 1991; Raven, 1992; Salisbury and Ross, 1992).
Functions of gibberellins
Active gibberellins show many physiological effects, each depending on the type of gibberellins present as well as the species of plant. Some of the physiological processes stimulated by gibberellins are outlined below (Davies, 1995; Mauseth, 1991; Raven, 1992; Salisbury and Ross, 1992).
Stimulate stem elongation by stimulating cell division and elongation
Stimulates bolting/flowering in response to long days
Breaks seed dormancy in some plants which requires stratification or light to induce germination
Induces maleness in dioecious flowers (sex expression).
Can cause parthenocarpic (seedless) fruit development.
Bose et al. (1995a) have shown with varying concentration of 2,4-D (10,20, 50 ppm), Gibberellic acid (250, 500, 1000 ppm) and IAA (100, 250, 500 ppm) that, IAA at 500 ppm increased the leaf yield by 67 percent. Similarly, GA (250 ppm) and 2,4-d (50 ppm) increased the yield by 59 percent.
GA plays a major role in seed germination, it have negative effect and is antagonistic to IAA in rooting. However, GA (5 ppm) found to increase the survivability of the cuttings (Bindroo et al.., 1983).
GA has stimulating effect on plant height (stem), petiole and lamina. Suzuki an Kitano (1989) reported that GA stimulates shoot elongation but depresses the leaf enlargement. Furthermore, CCC which inhibits the GA biosynthesis, plant height and internodal length has increased the leaf yield (Okabe, 1984). But GA found more effective under limited moisture conditions (Ohnishi, 1986). 
 Whether or not a viable seed germinates and the time at which it does so depend on a number of factors, including factors in the seed�s environment (Bewley and Black, 1994).
 	Seed germination is influenced by internal factors controlling dormancy, including phytohormones (e.g., abscisic acid) inducing dormancy, and by seed coat factors (seed coat-enhanced dormancy) (for review: Bewley, 1997).  
Suzuki and Kitano [16] reported that GA stimulates shoot elongation but depresses the leaf enlargement and decrease the senescence. But GA found more effective under limited moisture conditions. Jaiswal and Kumar found that 100 or 300 ppm of GA induced male inflorescence. Kumar (2001) have shown that GA at 2.5 ppm in pollen germination medium containing 15% sucrose and 50 ppm boron, gave highest pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Saito and Morhashi, showed that irradiation by red light enhances the seed germination by increased GA synthesis and with depression of endogenous auxin.
The height of plants increased and the number of days increased with increasing concentration of GA3. GA3 at 100, 200 and 400 ppm concentrations decreased the production of female and increasing of male and mixed flowers respectively. The pollen viability is moderate and seed set percentage decreased with increasing concentrations of GA3.
Singh and Rai, (2005), showed that GA at 800 ppm followed by 1000 and 1200 ppm induced significantly higher percentage of germination (91.06, 87.9 and 80.4% respectively) against water treatment. Soaking for 24 h was best in this respect. Every increase in concentration of GA significantly decreased the time taken for germination (58.3 t0 9.0 days), increased the height of seedlings (16.05 to 19.23 cm) and number of leaves per plant (9.24 t0 13.10).
Pre-treatment with GA�  significantly enhanced germination of non-stratified black mulberry seeds (p<0.01). GA�  treatments at 1000 and 2000 mg l-� concentrations yielded the highest germination percentage (60-67%). Seeds stratified for 100 days showed 88% germination. The combined treatment of 250 mg l-� GA�  and 100 days of stratification yielded 96% germination of seeds. The height of plants increased and the number of days increased with increasing concentration of GA� . GA�  at 100, 200 and 400ppm concentrations decreased the production of female and increasing of male and mixed flowers respectively. The pollen viability is moderate and seed set percentage decreased with increasing concentrations of GA� . 
Ponnaiyan and Vezhavendan reported that the seeds were nicked and then treated with Gibberllic acid (GA) at 1000 ppm for a period of 24 hr was recorded the highest germination of 27% and 81% at the end of 3rdand 9th week after sowing respectively, in Indian mulberry (Morinda citrifolia L.) 
Singh and Rai showed that GA at 800 ppm followed by 1000 and 1200 ppm induced significantly higher percentage of germination (91.06, 87.9 and 80.4% respectively) against water treatment. Soaking for 24 h was best in this respect. Every increase in concentration of GA significantly decreased the time taken for germination (58.3 to 9.0 days), increased the height of seedlings (16.05 to 19.23 cm) and number of leaves per plant (9.24 to 13.10). Foliar spray of 100 ppm GA� , in S-146 variety of M. alba recorded an increase of 29.75% in leaf area, 5.86% increase in leaf moisture content and 11.92% increase in foliage moisture retention capability over control in Doon valley condition. The effect of foliar application of 10 ppm GA�  were resulted in increased on leaf yield and leaf attributes on different genotypes S54 (797.4 g/plant), S799 (537.4 g/plant), S36 (611.8 g/plant), K2 (625.9 g/plant) and local (458.9 g/plant).
Foliar spray of 100 ppm GA3, in S-146 variety of M. alba recorded an increase of 29.75% in leaf area, 5.86% increase in leaf moisture content and 11.92% increase in foliage moisture retention capacity over control in Doon valley condition (Anonymous, 2003).
 Effect of GA on senescence in excised leaf dics.
TreatmentProtein (%)Chlorophyll (%)GA8535Control<4015
COMBINATIONS
The ratio of auxins and cytokinins influences the outgrowth of plants. High auxin: cytokinin ratio promotes activation of shoot branching. Low auxin: cytokinin ratio promotes activation of lateral roots. Auxin and cytokinin compound, a biologically derived plant growth regulator yielded 6904 kg/ha/yr over the control resulted in a net profit of Rs.5425.Increase in growth and yield of mulberry by 17% with the use of auxin and cytokinin formulation. Both auxin and cytokinin precursors increased the chlorophyll a and a/b ratio, higher photosynthesis and thus enhances the Leaf area index and leaf yield. 
Auxin and cytokinin compound also increased the protein content over the control. Combinations of cytokinin and auxin found to be effective with other Morus species were less effective for M. laevigata. The combination of zeatin and 2, 4-D induced highest percentage of cell divisions (29%) followed with zeatin and NAA (10%). Specific role of the auxin dicamba is inducing cell divisions in mulberry which is different from other auxins like NAA and 2, 4-D. The ratio of IAA: GA was almost equal portion in the vegetative phase of the plant growth. During reproductive phase there was decline in the ratio of IAA: GA in the androecious member and in case of gynoecious member the ratio is increased. Petkov showed GA at 100- 500 ppm with IBA at 100 ppm + urea 1000 ppm gave best germination percentage to an extent of 96% on 21st day after treatment compared to the untreated and water soaked controls. Foliar spray of IAA and GA�  were significantly improving leaf lobation and sex expression of Kajli and Mysore local cultivers of mulberry. 
GA�  and (S)-(+)-ABA, was significantly affect the generative growth of wild type  Ichibei . But vegetative growth was not affected by these treatments. The application of GA�  had the strongest effect on the number of flowers in  Ichibei . In  Ryoumenguwa , both vegetative and generative growth was significantly affected by GA�  and (S)-(+)-ABA. It had the effect on the number of leaves and flowers. Adding GA�  along with the BAP enhanced bud break frequency. MS medium supplemented with 4.4 �M BAP and 0.6 �M GA�  accelerated the bud break from nodal explants and apical shoot buds and it enhanced frequency of M. australis in micro propagation techniques. Adventitious buds formed only on the MS medium supplemented with 4.40 �M BA and 0.54 �M NAA. Treatment with 8.8 �M BAP was most beneficial, producing the maximum number of cultures that showed shoot regeneration.
These callus-derived shoots were then rooted on 2.69 �M NAA. BA (4.4 or 8.9 �M) and IBA (4.9 or 9.8 �M) added medium and its effect showed the maximum induction rate of 13.6%. Ponchia and Gardiman [46] found that MS media supplemented with BA and NAA induced shoot proliferation in mulberry ( Florio  and  Morettiana ) at various times throughout the growing season. The PGR combination zeatin (2.3 �M) and 2,4-D (2.3 �M) resulted in the highest number (29%) of cell divisions. Whole plants were obtained after culture of microcalli on MS medium containing TDZ at 4.5 �M and IAA at 17.1 �M. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 4.9 �M IBA. With low revival rate during acclimation regenerated plants were established in the green house. Mesophyll tissue of mulberry is a good source material for protoplast isolation and culture. 
	Yew Lee showed, Adding auxin such as IAA, 2,4-D and NAA enhanced the development of callus and adventitious roots and also increased the protein and rutin contents. Adding cytokinin such as BA and KN retarded callus and adventitious root development as well as the protein and rutin contents. The highest level of rutin was produced when adventitious roots were grown in a 34/66 ammonium/nitrate full-strength standard MS medium containing 5mg l-� IAA. The roots of the Sugye (M. alba L.) had the highest levels (242.2 �g/g fresh tissue) of rutin. Incubation of the immobilized Subong cells in a full strength MS liquid medium containing 1 mg l-1 of 2,4-D and 0.1 mg l-1 of KN, produced the highest amount of rutin (8.2 �g/g callus cells, which is sum of 1.9 �g of endogenous rutin and 6.3 �g secreted rutin/g callus) level by 95% and
GABA (305 �g/g callus cells- which is sum of 80 �g endogenous GABA and 225 �g secreted GABA/g callus) and secreted the largest amounts into the suspension media.
	TDZ has shown both auxin and cytokinin like effects, although chemically, it is totally different from commonly used auxins and cytokinins. TDZ may modify endogenous plant growth regulators, either directly or indirectly and produce reactions in cell/tissue, necessary for its division/regeneration. Application of TDZ was used to induce the shoot formation and shoot formation with growth of large leaves, which the leaf and seeding were used as explant. Primary cultures of Morus alba L. on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2 mg l-1) and NAA (0.2 mg l-1), proved best for multiple shoot formation.Multiplication was also achieved by MS medium fortified with BAP (2 mg l-1), NAA (0.2 mg l-1), aspergine (25 mg l-1) and glutamine (1.0 mg l-1). This medium facilitated the elongation of shoots and sprouting of axillary buds of in vitro grown shoots. About 80% rooting was obtained from shoot cultured on the MS medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg l-1). Plants with well-developed roots were transferred to soil with survival frequency of 70% .
Apical buds of mulberry (Morus indica L.) were cultured on LSBM fortified with 8.88 �M BAP in combination with 2 �M TIBA was the most suitable medium for initiation (94% response) and multiplication of shoots (10.6) in variety S54.
Ehylene
Ethylene, unlike the rest of plant hormone compounds is a gaseous hormone. Like abscisic acid, it is the only member of its class. Of all the known plant growth substances, ethylene has the simplest structure. It is produced in all higher plants and is usually associated fruit ripening and the triple response (Arteac, 1996; Mauseth, 1991; Raven,1992; Salisbury and Ross, 1992).
Function of ethylene 
Ethylene is known to affect the following plant processes (Davies, 1995; Mauseth, 1991; Raven, 1992; Salisbury and Ross, 1992).
Stimulates the release dormancy
Stimulates shoot and root growth and differentiation (triple response)
May have a role in adventitious root formation
Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission
Stimulates bromeliad flower induction
Induction of femaleness in dioecious flowers
Stimulates flower opening
Stimulates flower and leaf senescence
Stimulates fruit ripening
  	Dennis (2004), showed that 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethrel) at 2000 �g 1-1  added to MS medium supplemented with 5 �M BAP were maximize the female inflorescence (13.6%). Silver nitrate at 2500 �g l-1 added to MS medium supplemented with 5 �M BAP were maximize the male inflorescence (22.4%). Bisexual flowers were also observed along with male and female flowers in silver nitrate treated plants.
Abscisic acid
Abscisic acid is a single compound unlike the auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins. It was called �abscisin II� originally because it was thought to play a major role in abscission of fruits. At about the same time another group was calling it �dormin� because they thought it had a major role in bud dormancy. The name abscisic acid (ABA) was coined by a compromise between the two groups. Though ABA generally is thought to play mostly inhibitory roles, it has many promoting functions as well (Arteac, 1996; Mauseth, 1991; Raven,1992;Salisbury and Ross, 1992).
Functions of abscisic acid
The following are some of the physiological responses known to be associated with abscisic acid (Davies, 1995; Mause,���		2	3	4	=	F	G	M	R	t	����+7
��˼����ˏs�a�s�Q?Q�a�"hj'�hj'�6�CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�hj'�CJOJQJ\�aJ"hj'�hj'�6�CJOJQJ]�aJ6hj'�hj'�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�hj'�5�CJOJQJaJ#hj'�hj'�0J5�CJOJQJaJhj'�hj'�CJaJjhj'�hj'�CJUaJ(hj'�hj'�5�B*CJOJQJaJphhj'�hj'�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJ,a�4	=	?@M��1O��%(�����������������$��`��a$gdj'�$a$gdj'�$�7$8$H$a$gdj'�$���7$8$H$`��a$gdj'�gdj'��p���^�p`��gdj'�	$�a$gdj'�$�7$8$H$a$gdj'�$a$gdj'�
$
*
1
3
4
�
�
�
����,.��@M��.J,8���������ξήΣή��Γ�u�u�c�"hj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h�3�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�hj'�CJaJhj'�hj'�6�CJOJQJaJhj'�hj'�CJH*OJQJaJhj'�hj'�CJOJQJaJ"hj'�hj'�6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�hj'�CJOJQJ]�aJ����01����O�
  � � =!\!�%�%�%�%&s&t&':'�'�')�ƪ�������p�p�pƛ�p�p�p�a�a�a�a�a�ahj'�h�HCJOJQJaJ6hj'�h�q�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h�q�CJOJQJaJhj'�h\-CJOJQJaJ6hj'�h\-B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����9hj'�h�	�5�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����#))�)�)�*�*�*�*�*�*++Y,\,],b,�,�,�,--�����൙|�`�`�|�|�D�6hj'�h�q�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�HB*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����9hj'�h�	�6�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h\-B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h�q�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�HCJOJQJaJhj'�h�HCJH*OJQJaJ(�*S,w-�05�7%9|9�9�9�9�����������$�$Ifa$gdj'�$a$gdj'�$��`��a$gdj'�$���7$8$H$`��a$gdj'�--w-�-�-�-�-..p.�.�.�.&0*0�0�0�0�45�5�5�7�7�7�7�7�Ʒ��������������������|`�6hj'�h�q�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�HB*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h�q�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�HCJH*OJQJaJhj'�h�HCJOJQJaJ6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����9hj'�h�	�B*CJH*OJQJaJfHphq�
�����7�7�769|9�9�9�9�9�9�93:4:j:k:�:�:�:�:�:;8;9;C;D;L;M;�ũ��}�}�}�}�}�}�}`��}�}�C9hj'�h�	�B*CJH*OJQJaJfHphq�
����9hj'�h�q�5�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJ9hj'�h�	�5�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����9hj'�h�q�6�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����9hj'�h�	�6�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
�����9�9�9�9�9�9�9�9�9m_______$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd$$If�l4����F�����$`V�`X
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk��9�9�9!$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l4���֞���@
��2��$ VVWFUr X
t��0�6���������������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��9�9�9�9�9�9�9������$�$Ifa$gdj'��9�9�9%$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd$$If�l�֞���@
��G��$VVWXX]X
t��0�6���������������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��9	:::#:+:3:������$�$Ifa$gdj'�3:4:7:%$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd$$If�l�֞���@
��G��$VVWXX]X
t��0�6���������������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�7:A:J:R:Z:b:j:������$�$Ifa$gdj'�j:k:n:%$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l�֞���@
��G��$VVWXX]X
t��0�6���������������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�n:x:�:�:�:�:�:������$�$Ifa$gdj'��:�:�:%$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l�֞���@
��G��$VVWXX]X
t��0�6���������������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��:�:�:�:�:�:�:������$�$Ifa$gdj'��:�:�:;%$a$gdj'��kd�$$If�l�֞���@
��G��$VVWXX]X
t��0�6���������������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�;;*;8;9;:;<;>;@;B;C;���_�������kd�$$If�l4����F�����$`<�`<
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'�
C;D;F;N;X;4&&&$�$Ifa$gdj'��kdo$$If�l4��ֈ����;���$ <TE? <
t��0�6�����������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�M;T;W;^;a;h;k;r;s;t;u;~;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;�;<<<<
<<&<'<-</<6<7<><?<A<B<D<T<7?�?�����������������������������������������������������9hj'�h�	�5�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJ9hj'�h�	�B*CJH*OJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����<X;b;l;t;u;���*�kd�$$If�l�ֈ���G���$<<<<<<
t��0�6�����������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'�u;x;�;�;�;�;�;������$�$Ifa$gdj'��;�;�;�;�;8***$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�	$$If�l�ֈ���G���$<<<<<<
t��0�6�����������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��;�;�;�;�;���*�kdI
$$If�l�ֈ���G���$<<<<<<
t��0�6�����������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'��;�;�;�;�;<
<������$�$Ifa$gdj'�
<< <(<0<6((($�$Ifa$gdj'��kd$$If�l��lֈ���G���$<<<<<<
t��0�6�����������������������������4�4�
la�yt�y�0<8<@<A<B<���*�kd�$$If�l�ֈ���G���$<<<<<<
t��0�6�����������������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'�B<D<T<7?$B(B�B�B�B�B���������$�$Ifa$gdj'�$���7$8$H$`��a$gdj'�$��`��a$gdj'�$a$gdj'�	�?�?�?�?@@1@8@z@�@�@�@�@�AB$B(BOBxB�B�B�B�B�B�BCCCC/C0CICJCcC��������������߳�r��U߳߳߳߳߳߳9hj'�h�	�5�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����Bhj'�h�	�5�6�B*CJOJQJ\�]�aJfHphq�
����<hj'�h�	�5�B*CJOJQJ\�aJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJ"hj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJ]�aJ!�B�B�B�B�B�Boaaaa$�$Ifa$gdj'��kdr$$If�l����F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk��B�B�B�BCCoaaaa$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd
$$If�l����F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�CCCCCoaaa$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�
$$If�l����F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�CC C#C.C/Coaaaa$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd%$$If�l����F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�/C0C:C=CHCICqcccc$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�ICJCTCWCbCcCqcccc$�$Ifa$gdj'��kdC$$If�l��F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�cCdCeCoC:HlK�K�L�L�Lqii]]i]RR$
&Fa$gdj'�$��`��a$gdj'�$a$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�	cCdCeCoC:HlK�K,L-L2L3LALBLNLOLiLkL	N�N�NwP�ո���}�}�}�}�}�aEa6hj'�h��B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJ6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHph


q�
����9hj'�h�	�5�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�hLZ�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJ�L?MyM�M	NyO�P�RVU�V�\�c�c�eOh�i�no"o#oJoKoio����������������������$�$Ifa$gdj'�$�7$8$H$a$gdj'�$���7$8$H$`��a$gdj'�$a$gdj'�$
&Fa$gdj'�wP|P~PP�P�P�P�Q�Q�R�RURUTUVUZUvU�U�ƪƎ�ppp�^N<"hj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJ\�aJ"hj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�hLZ�CJOJQJaJ6hj'�hLZ�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h��B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����9hj'�h�	�6�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
�����U�U�U�V�V�VfXzX^^F^J^�`ada�a�b�bzc�c�c�c�c�c�c�c�c�c�cdddMdYdNeOe�e�������������������~n\~\~n~n~��~в�"hj'�h��6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJ]�aJ"hj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�hLZ�CJH*OJQJaJ"hj'�hLZ�6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�hLZ�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h��CJOJQJ\�aJ$�e�e
ff2hMhOh^h�i�i�i�k$l�l$m�n�n�nooo!o#oIoKohojo�op_pmpnpzp|p�p�p�p�p�p�p�p q'qWq^q�q�q����������������Ѳ���~�~�~�~����~�~�~�~�~�~�~�hj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJ"hj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJ\�aJ%hj'�h�	�5�6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�h-�CJOJQJaJhj'�hLZ�CJOJQJaJhj'�hLZ�5�CJOJQJaJ.iojo�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�o���P������kd]$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'�	�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�o��P�����kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'��o�o�o�o�o�o^PPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��o�o�o�o�o�o^PPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��o�o�o�o�o�o^PPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��o�o�o�o�o�o^PPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kdF$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��o�o�o�opp^PPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�pppppp^PPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kdp$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�pppnp{p|p�p�p^VN@@@@$�$Ifa$gdj'�$a$gdj'�$a$gdj'��kd$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��p�p�p�p�p�p�p�p�p�p����P�����kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'�	�p�p�p�p�p�p�pqq�P�������kd/$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'�q
qqqqqq^PPPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�q q(q)q*q+q,q^PPPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kdY$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�,q-q5q6q9q=qAq^PPPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�AqBqJqKqNqRqVq^PPPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�VqWq_q`qaqbqcq^PPPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�cqdqlqmqpqtqxq^PPPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk�xqyq�q�q�q�q�q^PPPPP$�$Ifa$gdj'��kdB$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��q�q�q�q�q
rrr@u^VVVVVVJ$��`��a$gdj'�$a$gdj'��kd�$$If�l��\���H��$Z	Z	Z	Z	
t��0�6���������������������4�4�
la�ytvk��q�q
rrrr�r�ruu$u%u?u@uZu=v>vCvDvRvSv_v`v�w�w�x�y��³߳�������߳��������u�Y6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����hj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h-�CJOJQJaJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJH*OJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJ9jlhj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJUaJmHnHphuhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�h��5�CJOJQJaJ@uZu{v�v�vXw�w�w�x�y6{�{�|o�j��$���������������������$��`��a$gdj'�$���7$8$H$`��a$gdj'�$�7$8$H$a$gdj'�$�h�7$8$H$`�ha$gdj'�$
&Fa$gdj'�$�h`�ha$gdj'�$a$gdj'��y�y�y6{7{�|�|�|l}�}�}�}x~�~}~��l�m�j�����D�F�Є҄�R���&�(���������$�1����ƷƷƷ���������������~�~�~���~�~�~���l���"hj'�h-�6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h-�CJaJhj'�h�	�CJH*OJQJaJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�h-�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJ6hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����9hj'�h�	�6�B*CJOJQJaJfHphq�
����*������������ь�����Žj��������ǐ��:�G�����ܑݑ�	�����>�D�d�p�����l�p�
�������������⧗���u�����c�c���"hj'�hvk�6�CJOJQJ]�aJ"hj'�hvk�5�CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJ"hj'�h-�6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h-�CJaJhj'�h-�CJOJQJaJhj'�hvk�CJOJQJaJ&��Ɛ������"�%�(������O����kdiy$$If�l��F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�$�$Ifa$gdj'�$a$gdj'�$��`��a$gdj'�	(�)�1�5�8�qccc$�$Ifa$gdj'��kd�y$$If�l��F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�8�9�:�G������5�qi^LLLL$���7$8$H$`��a$gdj'��7$8$H$gdj'�$a$gdj'��kd�z$$If�l��F����$xxx
t��0�6�����������������4�4�
la�ytvk�
��G�k�����ޘ��>�@�r�t�������Ɲp�r�ؠ��2�5�>�_�`�������������>�?�o�p�����ϧЧ����&�6�L�N�������t�x�z�����Щҩ0�2��������������������������������������������⦶����hj'�hvk�CJH*OJQJaJhj'�hxCJOJQJaJ"hj'�hvk�6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�hvk�CJaJhj'�hvk�CJOJQJaJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJA����P�R�����������ǭ����0�2�E�G�����ͮϮ�����Яѯӯ(�`���������!�������������������
�����������������������ӡ�ӡ������ӂ�ӂӂӂӂhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�h��CJH*OJQJaJhj'�hxCJH*OJQJaJ"hj'�hx6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�hvk�CJOJQJaJhj'�hxCJOJQJaJ35���b��!�����3�S���ɴ��A�[�����0�>�q������������������������$
&Fa$gdj'�$��`��a$gdj'�$a$gdj'�$���7$8$H$`��a$gdj'�$�7$8$H$a$gdj'���h�j�0�>�����q�����������P	P
PPP>QIQRR0R2R�RS�S�SKTST�U�UV-VaV|V�V�V�V�V|W�������������������������m��"hj'�hx6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h8T�CJOJQJaJhj'�hxCJOJQJaJ"hj'�hx5�CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJaJUhj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJH*OJQJaJ*th, 1991; Raven, 1992; Salisbury and Ross, 1992).
Stimulates the closure stomata (water stress brings about an increase in ABA synthesis).
Inhibits shoot growth but will not have as much affect on roots or may even promote growth of roots
Induces seeds to synthesize storage proteins
Has some effects on induction and maintenance of dormancy
CCC increased the photosynthetic rate of mulberry at 54% than that of control in limited irrigated condition. Accumulation of dry matter leaves was observed higher due to CCC (10-3 M) Application followed by BX 112 (10-3 M). The nitrate reductase activity was found maximum in CCC trated plants in two levels of irrigation. The leaf yield was also found maximum in CCC treated mulberry leaves followed by BX-112 (Misra et al., 2009).
The sprouting of resting buds depends upon the amount of inhibitors like ABA or ABA like compounds present in the bud (Yahiro and Tashiro, 1989). ABA at 10 mg/l under in vitro, inhibits the bud break of both the dormant and non-dormant buds (Oka, 1985 and Suzuki, 1986).
 Abiotic stress is known to modulate the content of abscisic acid in leaves of higher plants and this growth hormone is known to regulate many developmental events in plant growth including seed maturation, dormancy stress tolerance and water relations. Accumulation of proline, glycine betaine and abscisic acid was relatively higher in S-13 and BC2-59 compared to K-2, MR-2 and TR-10 (Kolluru,-2009).
BRASSINOSTEROIDS
Brassinosteroids are a new type of polyhydroxy steroidal phytohormones with significant growth promoting influence. Brassinosteroids (BRs) were discovered in 1970 by Mitchell and his co-workers and were later extracted from the pollen of Brassica napus L. were discovered in 1979 by Grove and his co-workers. BRs are considered ubiquitous in plant kingdom as they are found in almost all the phyla of the plant kingdom like alga, pteridophyte, gymnosperms, dicots and monocots. BRs are a new group of phytohormones that perform a variety of physiological roles like growth, seed germination, rhizogenesis, senescence etc. and also confer resistance to plants against various abiotic stresses.
VERMIWASH
Vermiwash contains valuable vitamins, enzymes and regulators like auxins, gibberellins etc. and 50 bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere. It contains 86% could produce auxins, 58% gibberellins and 90% kinetin-like substances. Plant growth promoter �Phalda� is used as foliar spray which increases the growth and leaf yield of mulberry.


Conclusion
	Mulberry leaf is the main basic food plant of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), which converts leaf and protein in to silk. Auxin- IAA (100 ppm) 100% rooting,  (500 ppm)  ( leaf yield by 67% whereas 1000 ppm ( leaf lobation and NAA (500 ppm) reduced lateral growth of plant and 2% NAA/IBA induce rooting. Gibberellin- ( Germination % at 800 ppm (91.06%) followed by 1000 (87.9%) and 1200 (80.4%) and foliar spray of 100 ppm ( leaf area (29.75%) in S-146 variety, leaf attributes (10 ppm) in S 54 variety (797.4 g/plant).  Cytokinin - Maximum number of shoots 10 �M BA / kinetin and shoot length (5 �M BA) and Kinetin (100 ppm)  ( auxillary buds in S 799. Abscisic acid (1 -10 ppm) ( rooting in cuttings and > 10 ppm ( shoot elongation. Ethylene - Female inflorescence (2000 �g-1 + 5�M BAP) and male inflorescence (2500 �g-1 + 5�M BAP , 0.1 ppm rooting and induce femaleness (400 ppm). Due to increasing demand of silk and the limited arable land in the country, stress has been laid on the higher production and improvement of foliage quality to meet the growing demand of sericulture industry of the country. The production of quality foliage can be increased by the increasing assimilation rate of the plant and directing its movements to the foliage through the application of the growth regulators. 









ABBREVATIONS
�M � Micro molar
IAA � Indole-3 acetic acid
NAA   �-Naphthalene acetic acid
IBA   Indole-3 butyric acid
2,4-D   2,4-Dichloro phynoxy acatic acid
GA3   Gibberellic acid
CCC   2-Chloroethyl-trimethyl-amm0nium chloride
BA   6-benzyl adenine
BAP   6-benzyl amino purine
KN -  Kinetin
ABA   Abscisic acid
MS � Murashige and Skoog
PGR � Plant Growth Regulator








Reference
Chakraborty S and S. K. Mukherjee. 1980. Effect of ringing, growth promoters and sucrose either singly or in combination on the rooting mulberry variety (kosen). Proc.seri. symp. sem., TNAU, India., pp.73-77.

Das C, T.Sengupta, S.K. Sen, S. M. Quadri and B. Sharatchandra. 1995.  Growth regulators for mulberry. India silk (November), pp. 23-24.

Dorigol S.B and R. Rajashekaragouda. 1997. Evaluation of plant growth promoters and pruning times on mulberry yield and quality. Karnataka j. agri. sci., 10(2): (332-338).

Fatma koyuncu. 2005. Breaking seed dormancy in black mulberry(Morus nigra) by cold stratification and exogenous application of gibberellic acid. Acta biologica cracoviensia series botanica 47/2: 23�26.

Honda T. 1970. Studies on the propagation of mulberry trees by cuttings. Bull. seri. expt. stn., 24: 231-236.

Lalitha. N, S. Kiho, R. Banerjee, S. Chattopadhyay, A. K. Saha and B. B. Bindroo. 2013.  High frequency multiple shoot induction and in vitro regeneration of mulberry (Morus indica), International journal of advanced research. 1(1):22-26.

 Mohammad anis, Mohammad faisal and S. K. Singh. 2003.  Micropropagation of mulberry (Morus alba) through in vitro culture of shoot tip and nodal explants. Plant tissue cult. 13(1): 47-51.

Mehbooba zaki, Zahoor kaloo and Mohammad shafi sofi. 2011. Micropropagation of Morus nigra from nodal segments with axillary buds. World journal of agricultural sciences, 7(4): 496-503.

Mukherjee S. K and A. K. Sikdar. 1977. Effect of auxin, vitamins and their combinations on the rooting of mulberry cuttings. India j.seric., 16: 1-9.

Gure H., Narasimhan, K. Naganuma, and M. Matsushima. 1980.  Effect of ethrel and gibberellins on sex expression in mulberry. J. seric. sci. japan, 55: 289-292.

Suzuki T. 1991. Effect of indole-3 acetic acid and tiba applied in lanolin on lateral bud 
growth of stem section of morus alba l. J. seric. sci. japan, 60: 37-40.

Setua M, G. C. Setua, S. Debnath, S. Chakraborty and A. K. Bajpai. 2009.  Effect of foliar application of methanol on growth and leaf yield in mulberry (Morus alba l.), Ann. agric. res. new series vol. 30 (1&2): 59-61.

Singh K. K, T. Choudhary, A. Kumar. 2014. Effect of various concentrations of IBA and 
NAA on the rooting of stem cuttings of mulberry (Morus alba l.) under mist house condition in garhwal hill region. Indian journal of hill farming 27(1): 125-131.

Vinod kumar, Giridhar parvatam, Gokare aswathanarayana and Ravishankar. 2006. AgNO3 � A potential regulator of ethylene activity and plant growth modulator. Electronic journal of biotechnology. 12(2).

Vijayan K, P. Jayarama raju, A. Tikader and B. Saratchnadra. 2014. Biotechnology of mulberry (Morus sp.) - A review,. J. food agric.  26 (6): 472-496

Yahiro M. 1980. Effect of cytokinin treatments on the sprouting of the dormant buds in mulberry tree. Ann. agric. res. new series, 30: 11-16.

Bose P C, Majumder S K, Datta R K. 1995. Effect of some growth regulators on the yield and yield attributes of mulberry leaf under rainfed conditions. Sericologia. 35: 297-301. 

Minimizawa K. 1974. Studies on the mechanism of localised sex differentiation in mulberry. NAA treatment. J. seric. sci. japan., 42:146-149. 

Das C, Sengupta T, Sen S K, Quadri S M, Sharatchandra. 1995. Growth regulators for mulberry. Indian silk (november)., 23- 24.

Suzuki T, Kitano M, Kohno K. 1988. Lateral bud outgrowth on decapitated shoots of low pruned mulberry (morus alba l.). Tree physiology., 4:53-60.

Honda T. 1970. Studies on the propagation of mulberry trees by cuttings. Bull. seri. expt. stn., 24:231-236.

Chakraborty S, Mukherjee S K. 1980. Effect of ringing, growth promoters and sucrose either singly or in combination on the rooting of poor rooting mulberry variety (kosen). Proc. seri. symp. Sem, TNAU, India.;73-77.

Mukherjee S K, Sikdar A K. 1977. Effect of auxin, vitamins and their combinations on the rooting of mulberry cuttings. Indian j. seric., 16:1-9.

Suzuki T. 1986. Effects of ethrel, auxin and ABA on leaf (petiole) abscission of new shoots of mulberry. J. seric. sci. japan., 55:309-313.

Suzuki T. 1991. Effects of indole-3 acetic acid and TIBA applied in lanolin on lateral bud growth of stem sections of morus alba. J. seric. sci. japan., 60:37-40.

Vijayan K, Chakroborti S P, Ghosh P D. 2003. In vitro screening of mulberry (morus spp.) for salinity tolerance. Plant cell rep., 22:350-357.

Dennis T T. 2002. Advances in mulberry tissue culture. Journal of plant biology., 45:7-21.
��2P�P�PQVQST�U�UpXzX�Y�Y�Y�Y�^�^�^�^�������������������$
��a$gdj'�$a$gdj'��7$8$H$gdj'�$���7$8$H$`��a$gdj'�$�7$8$H$a$gdj'�$
&Fa$gdj'�$�h`�ha$gdj'�|W�WSXnXoXpXzX�X�X�Y�Y�Y�Y�Y�Y�Y�Y�YZ*Z[Z�Z�Z�Z�Z[[[�[�[�[�[���������⡑҂scs�Q�Q��Q�Q��"	j�hj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h8T�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�hx5�CJOJQJaJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJ"hj'�hx5�CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�hxCJOJQJaJhj'�h8T�CJOJQJaJ�[A\Q\T\U\o\}\�\�\�\�\�\�\�\�\�\�\]]U]�^____�`�`=b>bHb����������⟐�⁐�q��a�Rqhj'�h�]�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJH*OJQJaJhj'�h�	�5�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h8T�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJH*OJQJaJ"	j�hj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�h/�CJOJQJaJ"	j�hj'�h��CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h��CJOJQJaJ�^�^�^�^�^____:_@`x`�`�`Xa�a�a�abb6b7b8b9b:b;b<b=b>b����������������������������$a$gdj'�>bHbcc�c�cPdQdee�e�ezf{f8g9g�g����������������$���0�d^��`�0�a$gdj'�$�0�d`�0�a$gdj'�$���0��7$8$H$^��`�0�a$gdj'�$�0��7$8$H$`�0�a$gdj'�$���0��^��`�0�a$gdj'�
$�0��`�0�a$gdj'�$a$gdj'�Hb^b_brb�b�b�b�bcccc0c1c8c9c;c<cIcJcbc�c�c�c�c�c�c%d&d=dOdQdgd�d�d�d�d�d�����������������������������}�k"hj'�h�N6�CJOJQJ]�aJ%hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ\�]�aJ%hj'�h�N6�CJOJQJ\�]�aJhj'�h�?CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�N6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h�NCJOJQJaJ%�deee,eeefevewe|e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�e�eff3f4f?f@fBfCfLflfmf���߱�ߡ�Й���������������{�{�skc\hj'�h�]�hj'�h�36�hj'�h�?6�hj'�h�N6�hj'�h�N6�\�]�hj'�h�?6�\�]�hj'�h�?\�hj'�h�N\�hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�N6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�NCJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJ"hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ]�aJ#mfsfyf{f|f�f�f�f�f�f�fgg(g*g,g/g7g9gsg����ȸ������rc�TcE5hj'�h�3CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�]�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�36�CJOJQJaJ%hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ\�]�aJ%hj'�h�36�CJOJQJ\�]�aJhj'�h�?CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�3CJOJQJ\�aJ%hj'�h�?B*CJOJQJaJphhj'�h�	�hj'�h�?hj'�h�Nsgtgug�g�g�g�g�g�g�g�g�g�g�ghh	hhhhqhrh�h�h�h�h�h�h�h�hi	ii*i,i-i1i��ϼ�ϙ��zk\zkzkzkzk��k\zkzkzk��k\zkhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h�3CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�36�CJOJQJaJ%hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ\�]�aJ%hj'�h�36�CJOJQJ\�]�aJhj'�h�?CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�3CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�?CJOJQJ]�aJ$�g�g�h�h+i,i�i�i�i�j�jk�k�kplqlmm�m�mInJn�n�nWoXo�������������������������$�0��7$8$H$`�0�a$gdj'�$���0��7$8$H$^��`�0�a$gdj'�1i=i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�i�ijj
jj!j"jjjkjujzj{j����ó�Ӡ�z�z�gzgzQ;zQ+hj'�h�?6�B*CJOJQJ]�aJph+hj'�h�{6�B*CJOJQJ]�aJph%hj'�h�{B*CJOJQJaJph%hj'�h�?B*CJOJQJaJph%hj'�h�3B*CJOJQJaJph%hj'�h�	�B*CJOJQJaJphhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�36�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h�3CJOJQJaJ{j�j�j�j�j�j�j�j�j�j�j�jkkk5k6k@kwkxk��齮�����o�\I7"hj'�h�{6�CJOJQJ]�aJ%hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ\�]�aJ%hj'�h�{6�CJOJQJ\�]�aJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�?CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�{CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h�{CJOJQJaJ+hj'�h�	�6�B*CJOJQJ]�aJph+hj'�h�{6�B*CJOJQJ]�aJph+hj'�h�?6�B*CJOJQJ]�aJphxk�k�k�k�k�k�k�k�k�k�kDlElglilllmlnlolql�l�l�l��ξ��������pa����R��?%hj'�h�{6�CJOJQJ\�]�aJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h\�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�{6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h�{CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�{CJOJQJ\�aJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h�?CJOJQJ]�aJ"hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ]�aJ�l�l�l�l�l�lmmmnm�m�m�m�m�m�m�m�m�m�mn.n/n9n:n;nInJn_n�n�n��ͽ�͞��y͞�͏͏͏͏��͏j[j�jhj'�h�]�CJOJQJaJhj'�h/�CJOJQJaJ+hj'�h�{6�B*CJOJQJ]�aJphhj'�h�{CJOJQJaJhj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�{6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�h�{CJOJQJ\�aJ%hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ\�]�aJ�n�n�n�n�n�n�noo4o6o7o<oAoOoWoXoto{o|o�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�o�op4p5pIpJpLpXpYpiprpupvp~p�pqq!q"q$q1q2q����������ߓ���У��Г����Г������Г���"hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�hXE6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h/�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�]�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�hXECJOJQJaJhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h/�6�CJOJQJaJ2Xo�o�oXpYp1q2q�q�qPrQr�r�r�s�s�s���������������$�0��7$8$H$`�0�a$gdj'�2q3q<qBqHqKqMqTq�q�q�q�q�q�q�q�q�q�q�q�q�qr-r.rArBrDrPrQrYr[rbr�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�r�rssssss#sBsKsfsgstsusws�s�s�s�s�s�s�s���������������������������������������������������������"hj'�h�?6�CJOJQJ]�aJhj'�h�]�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�hXE6�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJhj'�hXECJOJQJaJ?�s�s�s�s�s�s�s�s�s�������hj'�h�	�CJOJQJaJhj'�h�?6�CJOJQJaJhj'�hXE6�CJOJQJaJhj'�hXECJOJQJaJhj'�h�?CJOJQJaJz+p,p-p.p1�h/R 4��5��6��7��:pXE��/ ��=!��"��#��$��%��������$$If�!vh5�V5��5�X#vV#v�#vX:V�l4��
t��0�6+�+�5�V5��5�X/��/��ytvk�,$$If�!vh5�V5�V5�W5�F5�U5�r5�X#vV#vW#vF#vU#vr#vX:V�l4��
t��0�6+�+�5�V5�W5�F5�U5�r5�X/�	�/��/��ytvk�
$$If�!vh5�V5�V5�W5�X5�X5�]5�X#vV#vW#vX#v]#vX:V�l
t��0�65�V5�W5�X5�]5�X/�
�/��/��ytvk��$$If�!vh5�V5�V5�W5�X5�X5�]5�X#vV#vW#vX#v]#vX:V�l
t��0�65�V5�W5�X5�]5�Xytvk��$$If�!vh5�V5�V5�W5�X5�X5�]5�X#vV#vW#vX#v]#vX:V�l
t��0�65�V5�W5�X5�]5�Xytvk��$$If�!vh5�V5�V5�W5�X5�X5�]5�X#vV#vW#vX#v]#vX:V�l
t��0�65�V5�W5�X5�]5�Xytvk��$$If�!vh5�V5�V5�W5�X5�X5�]5�X#vV#vW#vX#v]#vX:V�l
t��0�65�V5�W5�X5�]5�Xytvk��$$If�!vh5�=5��5�<#v=#v�#v<:V�l4��
t��0�6+�+�5�<5��5�</��ytvk�@$$If�!vh5�=5�5�S5�G5�>5�<#v=#v#vS#vG#v>#v<:V�l4�
t��0�6+�+�5�<5�5�T5�E5�?5�</��/��/��/��/��ytvk��$$If�!vh5�=5�;5�;5�;5�>5�<#v=#v;#v>#v<:V�l
t��0�65�</�
�/��/��ytvk��$$If�!vh5�=5�;5�;5�;5�>5�<#v=#v;#v>#v<:V�l
t��0�65�<ytvk��$$If�!vh5�=5�;5�;5�;5�>5�<#v=#v;#v>#v<:V�l
t��0�65�<ytvk��$$If�!vh5�=5�;5�;5�;5�>5�<#v=#v;#v>#v<:V�l�l
t��0�65�<yt�y��$$If�!vh5�=5�;5�;5�;5�>5�<#v=#v;#v>#v<:V�l
t��0�65�<ytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l��
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l��
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l��
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l��
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��$$If�!vh5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	5�Z	#vZ	:V�l
t��0�65�Z	ytvk��]DdO8�����
�
��F�A�?�����Picture 5C"�����������b�]�#�	��
�_U���z���\�
n��\�#�	��
�_U���z���PNG


IHDR���l}-sRGB���\�IDATx^��d��mo���cZ��Ğ��#O���v�?����\F�ϟ?�岚�1,�c�;S�N`g�S�3�;�R�N`g���3n�
@� ���fKG�� @�����- @��Yhh��#p@� �C�Ї��� @�,4���8 @��!h�C�q@� `��l�� @�4�!� @0K�

�����K���}�����?K�uT+�w������;���<e��
7��H5W����J�J�_R���R��w��立��;��߶�`��d�dB�)�����^z�r;���U�`���}~v�G(�oG]�9�RϚ��m�v�DE��FvI��%y�F��o�L��mu�z�^z9S�VW�����|�����۶�)]"12�x$��c��.)�mM/���a;��N_ْ�[�<s�ȔJ-:k�����2uu�\w�M�H՞-Q�bO�z�c6G�,��]�RJ?�dZ6���zK���ܧ���{����,s��m&���Y’~��g͝��E>���t��taҍ��β,��/n[C7�	L�h!h�E8�i��	��o#mf�Y�D�@�*

��ԮJ�+T`.?��%�7�ͬ�:��,
��Yc�3'�u�D��zc�k߇��ꔮ�Ė�F��77�f��S0��34w��S��Hd��,��M����)7"R�����lz5[��6��(l?^�����K��wL����+X��-a5V/��K������`Ⱦ�Wi��.���g_�`8��}����,Z�}e1��g$�m"��������$�	O���=������@ԮY�+x�|	��O��w�u��<z<ʧ(�4��$4ңm�^u��K��T�Ne�Vj�����n�v�,dֻ�dr���hf�a%�R@�x������D/����^J���nj_/4#)�4��+Y�UiŦ�7�L:2�����n9����&��on��j¿��������y?�p��K�H���^6�ߵ�K��l�n#/�p��.ґͽ��8y^��Ʀ(�Ի�*Zt�6�_si���,�w9�&:�~#�]7�[QcU�Mi)V�� �2
��*�d}���L�E��*[�.�8+�yq����Q�2��&�]���DuO��E��Por
Үm�`{���?���,
):���B���v�r��z�M��G�e՞#�t]ݫ�6w���􆦩og]��m��h�욻׀����馬c5f��XY)<��Ӌ�JCJ��ӑ����]c���!Ә��#��i�>;��ܟ�`�2~��+��J	�>6,{'Xr�Dh�-
�(�b��������Rp��3/Y�% �.#aG�e9,�#�_�T���}+�n��v����T�
����4�F�O]�w�r�C^aS�‘{�=��/�
��?�_V����,g!����*�r�h k��.4j�����3�r�?�;KèwV�
�CV�U���K�YG���w�����i(�7���}&�+�����P�]e�	�ݱi�k�k,X	s	�E��ܐ���}�w!���}����欹a�����qa�S֔~�)7x�c#t3�Co{"�u}(���>�ί��E����[Y{¾�K�-���3(���*��\��,z��d�|�rݺ貼N2=߱!熆�_#���w��=%�'͡xgF]��%�ußgXѷ��+!9R�ȁ �S��w�O9<k�V�LϔG��
j�����+ljr?2W#�����m߇n��Z���:)+W:�R�]Yo��g�l�'iWr�[p�g��-���S���6��Ooj���Pl"
5_�p�{]U,�Y�MD�1��RM\�B���^�&_n�\Vؔ{�g��aT��c�'
�\��i[C��V�6����4[���c�(�켧h$c��*�P���ƪ�螵4=������=�+>l��޼���L��]�F+_��x��Ѹ�rEF�!�$u��_jﱂ�5nK��*��t-��|t�l8J��"Y0V;�Җ._nY1��Jn3�+e�7LO���0�/��������Z�\
���d��(PZ{�1~���;+���L'��Q����+U{�L�*M��@X�^��s�$w"��?�0��ۥ��I�6L$�'�p5=60w�r(U�Rv8�T��i�W����c�=P&�lM����6
�)U$��Ϻ>^����-���)�&Yn�;U�fo�c��4k�L�^9�K�Ѻ��/U�*�ЫH5�Y�s��i�-�����c�[��F6	��(��1v�7��Tj�8`>0eE^ج�[��{��.��q<J��"v��E@0���z5���
~-��u,�kN��% �5�#@{�+Y0�^�����EC���7&PZ��ϿvIMs�G���^S*h��_��S��7�7�m[U����0��w��k�����p�JWT�2M/�
�F˴�cW�e��гHb�$��TB@��(Aho��@�W�k��c�}c���%1�'�r�RC*e�R��2� `"H�C�(AB� \D
}Q1� @�4��2$ @��E���P @�L@C�(AB� \D
}Q1� @������{�_�K���!�� ��9��������V��J-%����47Y��._M��ZAJ�܇��	��H৛�O���?����w���
=k���g�L�fP��(-�%�1��x��v�Çe@��OҚ2�kw��a�L�z�1��EC7O�@��P��{��}������~�Ӂ��
=��� `��D�(��2$��BCs)���8� |�2cz�AzŻ�azgc0D���&�E�L�)$2cz�@���v�2�_"�T�MP������~%1�{��٬�/x�%p�r�nS��^��Os�v3��SrtIq/�e���������}O Z�2R(3�`�Kr��XMYidiss�7�^�;��������F�~D�֏>̮��ì�ԗc L$0pLN�)!�$%��كީ�=	��>�"3�#��0��ÞG�%���o�)�p�v�5t%��_���SVv��j��p�9\<&B7�5�ܜ�۱Q���wdGO���9UN��l�Iid6����X4��FZ�<Ca�a@j�߫��YE̯?�Kg/p�10�@�^����N�pdzw��Pa/��Q���L;���i��-)�k�5���c�D%%�я�j�Y�
k��p���C�@]�OƲ��ldt�)�)��z#��/u��i�c4��3w�Ki�FZ
>���o�1��ЎQ��(}�4ƑY��	�7����a�L @���<%|{��)���/j�)��@cқ�cv���eZ�����LMO)ʧ�����F ���D�N�L�+��$���~��G�~QCg���хLZ����b�C�L&�4=��=��ƿip�ke�5�7[��!@�h~ �{�/�U�M�>�w9�|�Dz�}�5�:4�K"�:\�� �>c����2�J��
�#}j~�:�q	�09(���H+w�o��HC��W�_їF���뜐 �����(r��
��{UhfD���6�ʦ캐�tageF�_]}rP�ې�,���r�aI4]�&�_s���D��O.�4���./��YD@`�������0�t�bk:�碱 LS�B3�IO?e�T�	��B����Y�‘Y��T�d����Y�H%���6�,Y�;�K}ݢ����ɉ]��I$O����gUs����/��6z�=Y���ޛu�j���U3�E�rL/	!@� ��zUlB� �L
�ru�
� @`4�
�؄ @x��)���_�2��5 �kܿ�g`��R�c!�f]^��$��T��&k���i:�S+H�
=�&��♀�`9X�-�2Q)�D�L H@� @�A܇����'��*�t����n�T�ى	���n���ى	|��u|B� X&���\=b� @8A
}�:>!@�,@C[��C� � ��>A�� @�	��-W��!@�N@C���O@� ��Ж�G�� @'��OP�' @��ehh��#v@� ���'��� @�24���ُ��??��8�T�� @@O��߿�V�0��O�=_�P:�J��p�ܞyؚ���s���]qs����͵�ſ~;��k[�n.SBWR����9�L��w�}_�u�d���3�
;��;�.�(��D��wHo�;#Ln]��B��|�&�����e�*�]o���'Л�Ω�PrVN?�;�r���M��ۦ8p�%����VTN��v�f�S�u���3"u�kA��##��@9�#��i*9+����X@Ck�1�@�@E+Kd�r:%&�#���H�!������U��>��&*9+����>^XK@"Y�F�u@���g�]��]ZS��3 0�zJ]H}aQ>RVW�%m�����4����`ɘ�L$�\��y۔��r�Y�h�ǽ����==���f�)��?oF�
��p�D��2������4Kl��s�	��	�v{��r�uzs�O7��}7r��6��֚r(�_������o�����
}1�"5����x��G�G��=�L��&{tb���W�?x|��S1���3�w��<�ʩ��Bn��z3%�?3�k���h,̃^#���W����C����!r���0�P\�ʵ�;�s���8e�~Xw1�WQ��8����3XD Z��%���t�_�/�������זFXI�6��ȺbP*|C}�0�?S�ˉ���c��>v �$���m���9^䐳b$�@C-\1��]�ҭ����:�[x�T��#�u��k��l%��ފ�~g�Q�8�[A�^ˁk�G�k���+2�*�дG7��;7���t;�g��r��y�;�Y����a�R�	
4���s�Z0�p��i/��}3���%A� 4��g��k�/� ��n��Ev��Fx�λ�`6K��Br���NQ�X�BPG�)W�r���-:UrVN����*̌���A��1�]�.�3�,����R[@�����m�
��z&@COy��T���??�M�>�$�"�F�\�gٹ�q�h�ʪ�,(��		<m"���Ĝ�~���@9�T��*9+�Dž�>^������>�ϓ�Pt�Ha�~�ȝl��7�_�\�%�)u��6�^MWA��nNߖ�EG~yF{Ke�ʑݸX�ۚA�
XD�*�u��2����5{�{],��E�GB4��>KGŀ����!*bV����t��f���ӝ�,����
�a�v{�f��v�5}|}�V�����.��p�,]�W��z�n.օe���O-"��2MߍWDC����in�'��G��<��߼��Y0+vL/�
|�qA���D-(��2�.��
�ȅ3��
@����:�)ͷ8LeC�� t@Cw#c���v_p�E�� �04���%�U�/2:����"�W��. @�h�;��DNG�{�o��PRɿ��O�3I@�jx�|c�&��U!�CX��w��R��NL�L'�w��L��NL@C�����V��; @����
qzcU����!��n�T7�(�	��>)S7�x�u|B� X&���\=b� @8A
}�:>!@�,@C[��C� � ��>A�� @�	��-W��!@�N@C���O@� ��Ж�G�� @'��OP�' @��ehh��#v@� ���'��� @�24����gC��m�%tq0����z�\e�A����ߊ�J��Z�w��W�EYZ�m��T�e�`��
H�$�)q}9h,o��U������[���ܹ��5rW�w�O)���X\D��2�u�p�坿b�t-�;wW��fS�x�Ud��mx�;iW	$ˡ���x�.�GLB;�35Z�(��,��7�Ȝ��ktY����i���O�w9��� ��@�Y��	��u��g<�@����kG9}n.�YS�e�i	�y̝��cNg�BC�"�@�C�w6��K=W��cn�U��DF+����=k�,"+����
9��o�1@`2���s9]���{@ $�"��@C���#���Ǻ�*�P�fY��>�TP9�����
`����6�%�>��!�Ј��twKk�-m�B_������6��Ub������c&*AWcT�	�w��.��c񦣴%J����w����l��]���j$�a��)�V�t���d�M���:�&m��们�XP��6��Er�`e���]T�u����C����O�w�&��l*]��%H�o�4�Y��i�p��������L9��',S�+����d4 �(�g���Jb��l)��.vWeMV�;_��b5���x��^gG����ap����!L��ȯ�4��R}�%/ ���&���g�	,
�0�T\��M�����t�"���ѵ��O��B#�dO���dR’�P���t�����ë)*_XĐ|�Z%�l�?��VOۛk����C/P݇��H��|�f�9Mܛ�\�]�J�5F��.O��f$캨F�z]��J�tœ�[�(�t]�����^�D�]���0_&�"�r��IC/�^c6}K�m)P�w���z��0Ŧ�OJ���o�6�n*!�E�,7�B��Y�:{�߯ɚ��{vE�y�w��_fm&�b�w����>&����ǃ�o���:ʗX�Z��`�
C��]�z˟'�Zf|�Ϡi(	�����%����暇����,�r�;�k�Υ�ǚ���ęz�p:E�� p�����8��N�ݙ�)_{��9���o�j2���ߊo�s�&�.��C��PErY��~�;#�u��U��sQ�J�/(�
�6��9��m��^@�r���ﵽ��,�s�V��fE�<I�E�dYoH����M&e�a9,;‰�鶜԰_��'G��F�x���vJ#56�%+A�M�j�Н<�J�z#z.�Yv��;��0����u-Y���W��0�^X��!Y���>t$y�A+ـ�b�
&|7���
�uw�L^�r�׎���y
�g�2�r +٣8{mj�g!�
J�jeo���#�
7��v����FF�&��+����[�M�K�L��GR{��/��D��\D��5�Y�gp���ힶ��&�����[��8]^Li�zTi��{�ٓ�.�Ң��Ķa$���f�e����b��B�@:�]]-YM���=�N�J�Sւ�H�{
0+0��f/e���\�WI;�حԔ29����2M��u����25OU��WH��;�2�/Ç�<���;�t]T�,��Ö8hf�X:�KfE����,(P�h��P���<R�h��h����D�_�ѯ�;�U0��Bt @�����	 9��[rS�� X'�]
�5A�|���k�/5��s�R_[5� ������1�~~(�}ɠ��_˷��d�hɧT.C�������Z>/��ƽ'_
�0���J{,�zJ]�3�H�
@�|��r�Y-���Y�:B��p��S*5m�ʴ���G�4m�4�~�m����f�@� p����g.@o�
1"�r8��-��Fvbe:A��'e�Fvb�w߇>A�� @/@C�PEr� @�I
��6� @�^ ��~���@� ��z'm|A� �@
�B�� @`'4�N�� @x���*� @��Nh蝴�@� �4�U$@� ����;i�� @�hh�U�������p�ǐ�Y�7w�A��#���߿�ee=����%��w�o��=�=�b��"�WD}9\�Z��]�����JQ&C�Tt��7r��
�����j��{Խ5r��OU

}�|ͯd�ܯ�G�����\L��p<��eћ�r�>�I�*zX�t�+9+��r�RY��K�H@�K��܋�2��g[r��.���	���\�3�wr���p�>�4=M��S&�d��=����.�t��N��7��^wsǣ���� �!�s�	\��W����L�P1ʩR&sm�]Vr��n�"��>E�&	�ZL�meн.WƂ�"��Fs(먜�C��H
=&�'��~�����!{r�%F��;�zm����Y�Y9�5�|�bW9];�?D
�B�ݓJ��3�����Y��<��ֲ��*��,a81g���N&��R�	�j3Y�!���<����r�7{�L7W�� `��z�X�[zM3�<+�Bɘb򇓷V:�S��Yrm���O�'BK���#��h��Y�Yu.aȘ
���Y�2��c�y�ZU9�Dr��x	T��K�}��e���T̅�Jww�R�ݮK]4��0#o�+�4�h��M<s�Z��r=�ҵ��u�� ^�E�)��S�g��eab 0J
=J�y�"tqi�H��.�K�#0BkM=���BM	U"��wA���	2r.���ƕL���F�5�n ��b{��FÑ+��e��ЯUV��Y�Ξ��K7�)��0��g&��2�(AB�Zh�kKC`���SsVL�	pug�;(��2EA*�"+�[$F̫	��W�~�@�]�Eߟ�^�<;y�u@�B@����)
���4���(�����/nN1�@V(�r�J�z?�G<f_�xS"����Y����s����2�?�Y�z�N�	��I9�U���RrVN���c�
X9�1��3�z.�[��^Z��H�ʘK��F�,r�Y=��7/u��)����~K
Xx�(�OLSO@C�V���~�|�����6� �@����[pβ�Z7_�O�ջ�d�T�H�_�pGh�i�e>�
X9}YZ~��v-�;�t8����^�
���9zI�k��O|X���[ȳh��f�_�sp�@t9Zz=��ii��W��N?B��S�d�LQ�n�dw������.�t�p,Ƭ�ywgʪ?W~gJDU�zNS��(�#����ǝ�;͡�hGCZ�΋��//���%��I��$��(�RiJ�)�!Ê���/�#��;3�9�$��&��n�T��Ts$eڰк�ô"]�7�3����Ԕ"�EN��e��ұ8�m�4�f�"w��(��A��j����E�rK|9�;��2Q/�D�L0$�r�(A>N�S��� <G
�\II���cGk	/ @�}h�kL�&����s�R�� AB�����?Un���@���8��o,1A����tǥ�����~i���Jf���A�.�!@�	�w9n,!��o�
1"�r8��-��Fvbe:A��'e�F�@� @�~܇��F\��Xb:D��p|�[*Ս���t�z�O�ԍ��އ>A�� @�	��-W��!@�N@C���O@� ��Ж�G�� @'��OP�' @��ehh��#v@� ���'��� @�24���; @��	h���	@� `��r��� @�4�	� @�L
m�z�c���ϩ<�z?�5~!@����_�,�%��v��%�Χ�u1��>�g�fw9Dׇ������%n��؆�5�~;�����ws��YwU!�`n��햩�խ,�lsrz�N����2�]iӁ���0x	��`�z䢜~	��p���bw{���N���U��X�!�ݯ]�YD{�,YP�H�
�'�./�����q�`s����	���B�<�b�Ҙ�Q!�tTN?U�+U�a��K�֖V��2UV�^��]Dv�C����J�8I�֖.�C�NjG@�s�g��\QN��V�%��`�Z�*C�E��ܡl޼d]T�r(,��0�i9N��ێ�f&r�r9�O9�����J4�K��S(�RTd)�Y�(zV3`�F��BL����me�j���m���x��K�
_*�j	�~����Iw��c6�����ۊaa��ą6��'b
!2�Tb[����sc���d9ܝ���S&����m�ߧ̮�����d]�V�R��S�0X�; �B�NC�"��5�}�̵��]�{h�}}�<Ԕa���÷�ߝ�ڈ��$lV��wOC%��4�[j*�9���}.�W�̷@@y"*�[ tK�~���o)ɤ8XD�@b����!���ʡ@��n(F}½���a`����w�3+�O3�\7�1�\�3k��$���e�r��H���`�cҍK2�+�'�"��#�ж]ҵM��:�(�.-�-���ϭ��|���3�@z#�K�)�OI�����^�:]U����l�0��"2W8[
m��W���<����)��zϳ�
C>�#�����r��xg2.mq�*8���	�%�x54��k�\�ϴ�V���'so �|�G9�c�2:|��}(����9���XDBP�"������ߒ��v�B�zw�a���� �����Y�e��z����@�������z?g�`��;�
6sw̭��w���W���{s�������E���m���X�R�B���ԙ�1��m��E5N�����`��{�����ա��K�}	4����1�w����O<��_�=�3X/�v9y��)�D9�4�)�g���&��R�F(�
�z����u��BzT��??�>k��"�F�\�gٹ�{ke�(�/HȘI��X�aQi���2W���S�j���~��V��/�~��
/ڪz���;٪�:�	:���f�g�L�"�!����hd��ߘ�pz��g`D>[��:�Ơ#�W�:�"��L4̓g\����� �b1���Ѱ��Q:*�mo* ��E��J�hM��Ҭ0rI}p�X	x�y)#�}xI��pI��\6C��}�7p��R�-�D�9�t9���2
���E�ܶ�ꅓ��'K
=���O��x"�!��׼�1�{f�Xg��rX��B�T�¢�!Q&�d��� y��D��:�Cו�� @	��7���+�oq��(y@� �'���3 0H����s�z�)� @F����0o"~7�)���)oB�T.b� �'�������t釿?	���K}�I$@�,�.Ǎ��M��BL����vK�����@�NP�I�������>A�哯����� @�$4�I�%�\��Xb:D��p|�[*Ս���t�z�O�ԍ��އ>A�� @�	��-W��!@�N@C���O@� ��Ж�G�� @'��OP�' @��ehh��#v@� ���'��� @�24���; @��	h���	@� `��r��� @�4�	� @�L`����_��~,�%�m$�9�L�`^]� ����ʸ� ,"���߿�i���N��ڔ�Z���f�*������H9\v�[��Gה��4���5m������S����R��l��7�&ta�L�%��~@s�n.JV��d�Wcx��r5��nY�t��I<6�x7o@��m#���f�݁��d9t�58��{}�EoR��R~RC+�*��)�Q
ݵ�J$S�v�,s��n���T�����?�&z��D��H ��@so��{�~{��i���(�Y�)�7��%[��/���._b��Ib���*H$�Wo@=��o�� \N���%2Z9�r8g�S�UN?�;�!0��fTnW[yZ��В0S��@���D�ud0 [�o���hА*
�L!I/@@�V��Q�>�K9�6Wţd��~�'���/�{2�mI}y�|��~mW�@x>�֠4ҷE8�b��?����׬��\=GO:|��P�	��`��T���*8��ra�e3T'Y��GEMGi���\h��w���~Z�l����v�
u�Zp�.�]��R������ 1u���Hi��/_P�
VҊ٫S[Y�XM�6��v�J�M���^��>����w'JW<u��'�����b=�#�,�(�Hwe�L�
�~I�T*�wq����tن�y���R[�7�������%S~�h��3[J0\#�bLOMU�y�Yˑ)�Q�0@�	D{T�mN������u���
�P�E2+��Ha��(���(�p��%�=�_Z��J2:�f��
/��fi�̝Ut�U鄰1�JUl6��ʗ�P�½�d���WS�-�Q�Қ6-�����V�AXA ڗ*f�wl�M@�����Li�F
&+�����h��dSQ�k!��4Xc��	�6��rYV�攀�7��Zi�ܢG
0���:�ę@`�W�c��*����ģHC�w
S�.�Pmw]��|G�����hKU�g�U,��T�K�Dl+S��ےv��)��l�[EO��% 9��
���" ���[��ږ(�,R�ӻr�@od��U�������8
//���5��û���Njo�7�]����b�c�Or�{U�k`��{�10��$`�E�_	F4�{���;�Ï�
%[YQod�����)>�v�S��@/�Е��/K�A1��?�Q�B��*%oϰ#=l�W����9K�Ԝ�;��k��=Kƨ%[�t�����jVY�5��0wvv(�P�}C��rz~�D�J���s�Dy�JG��יŸ
Nq@o��V���4
�U��_��N���|<ʍ�Y)�@.)[9��H�Ma
%,O��ވނo�aE�V���\\)���pQJ��鋒�l}/�,:�	||L�С��y�z���#�:�[����������6�K�F�����R
)	�R�2�R��+��65���%���p�����-�Y4G�<��9��~}%��PZe���d��ZȖ�(9/��V��K�~�u�/��%��EdE^J�����¹��hX�=k��4V88u�:��\���n�K�=I:͋��|��������trY�0M�]L�YC�vgI:�]�*�e^Z a���״\����ˤٴSݘ�f/�M�>��i�ms:��Y7W��`sɇ�`j�9}
�YFl�I�IJՑL��t�[e�����Ν�R߾۱+Ŋ͝
���:˽u��I�֎�,�ږQ}����V�<�0O@�L��2Q&L9�]	��Ʀ�Fcd����� ���(")@`��[;�� @�h�vސodѮ#(5��s�R/f�y@��:_'��o����]Vodq�r�v(�?Z�2�vU��	����
�(�{��W&^�kp��ҩ�.u���{��f!4@x����Z�L�ƪ�!,�C��R�nd'&P�Ի}R�nd'&��OPo����!�� �$��>I����BL����vK�����@�NP�I��������'��� @�24���; @��	h���	@� `��r��� @�4�	� @�L
m�z�@� p��u|B� X&���\=b� @8A
}�:>!@�,@C[��C� � ��>A�� @�	���V��??7G�?�C�g���	�@x����������~j�R�P:�Y�������Ί�^��p6��:V�l�D�� �k+%�'�嬜��vזiR_[���2�j7��
�p1rZ�a����`��=�
qC��BI�
�GJdDx\}�6E9|�Hʤ��l��"�?��a�}��g�ޔ;O/�:�ڊ��Y����#��QR�M�]�wO�*݆��,)�h��x�gnW]X)9|�H�4�mJ��|��
s�\���	*9+�7�[1���+�bx�@�x�ޏ��*��0n|{K_>�2	�+���D����J��Mw��M�x�С�o�%⹚{�����\��GfcWN���R?rz��l���:<�+�V
MWC@J-%�8@
F�"��N5}���_h\�����}�-dm��7�A�Z�aR�t�%'f�Е`�ɤ��%���6g�~�_>�{���(�/I���	��p'�r����>��T7{�����ϳR/��i�������N�K2��jJ�(��|�_�1��8�&B��B�M�E��g-gչ�!cvp�x���ZSN�D��9=�Hʴ�a�msT��h���_7
���ˡ��|�"��8v�0̧t�J[��,�($/.��L�L��LUl���k�.��8K�B������i^��G�d�s�t�'q[^���#)�� ګ�},U2V�84�U�L��	M�E��t�_r� �V�|E���)�6�~�7Q�ú��	���JKO>�.��j�<6,���GR�#�W>83N��{��7�š�_k�
«��;o�nH�� ����+X���eX�&ΘԻM���GR��20�����Н%e�)���M�L��& ������4���×��Lc���M�hF�X�M��6�`���F?����\�.*��cx���:>�����NL��਼������w���4Lx�K>�t���;��×��LKk��^�������>1{�t�N�1�e\/C�g�x*v����ao �@���_��幣�//�`xG�׀�L�?ӎ����4ݝ+.$��y[�Gr�sz����GR��e*	�����0�|�Q��6FCo���Eig	?O�~SW���S_�:~��7����ϲ�UGO' ��|d6H����2(�'I�V�zիl�4�r�m�
�
�GQ�eߠ
%o�r�Wo͚�0"'"I�b-�~�+��uy͑�l�Ks.v�
�fW�|���J[=��o�p��u֗�|$e�VS���b���$��*e��)����)�?���J�)��ĭ�~dt9�0Ex�9��.E����k����N)���!��PK$�B/��&�N)��-�r�F&[�l3�G:����4����!rt[����#)Ӟ���+�k��ٓ`��m����s]׏�&�S�Ч���Z<K	�Ur���-��ܕM�y:��|�e�ye�|��r�qcf`��I[� ������Uͧ�� @�6h��*B<%PRҿϹK�ў m@������7d�ȉ���y��&K@x���Z>��W�����KӥS�K�r�ɔI
� `�������ƪ�!,�C��R�nd'&P�Ի}R�ndL� @��'�}�k��U!�CX��w��R��NL�L'�w��L��NL�}���	@� `��r��� @�4�	� @�L
m�z�@� p��u|B� X&���\=b� @8A
}�:>!@�,@C[��C� � ��>A�� @�	��-W��!@�N@C���O@� ��Ж�g?�?�����SY�� =�?���[��\?m�|]B�|*Y�)�s{�ak����ϕ�7wŵ��.�+K^>2�V9}O��-S)}�*PN�S��e:E���Z��%��-�an��atߙhw9D��&����Cz�a�IWVF�GJ�s�%��e��ao����Л��D�"��q�����Ev���+	�G�O
�[Q9�J$�r�DZ�Ȓ�::@��K�*PN7�mw�J��黳�_h��<H���%2Z9�A�C)e���@���o!�
���I�U���Q�i+9+���;yz2P��F@"Yn��x =����F������h�#�q��zh�$���}(iK�t
�(W�r����䬜�'ǒ4�Y���ǰ?����7��?E�~�ډ��d��&
��lx��I�@�4��n�+��3�&��n��TN��lw��;�����ws�Ɵr(�_��@����o�����
}1�"5���︸a��;��ݍw�����X#��va�nb|%��4�]4��Iew(�S��������,%�֬ą|d֚r�$B�@g	�����J�Pk��}�)%-��y��2
����0�pJ�%Rۿ��\�F�B�0u�w
9.�@`���"�#K�ٹh:ڐ5. �u�����\ҵM��:�(�.-�-���ϭ��|������ϝJ�V>�����"�_j$r�@D
�ZKT�l���[��)�[
zu���Z���B |1��n�#��+�o��@`4�4�o:�_��7r�h-���qٗ�*jx8`��aL��@C/���w��_����y;��?�!@�����l
,���ߙ��$����~!rSq�	�/��#K7��A1�G
m�f�"�e��_�ˬ��U�^����W�-���@��.*�($WY���O�oP���7n�B�Y9}C�Mh�&"c��t����"wy�}�^J�r�=�����n��.X��!hhC��5��%A�ewxT�ߕ�z���[pͲ�WTF!PY5���nұ0�W>2��r�1@w8V���;�B�Y9�8 4����7e��~�$����C�;�F�d�p������z��{
I�%���t�
\��t�p���g��D���tQZ��;��=H7{���D�\�qQr�fo{�����FVYF���3�q{��+�����:-�
�g�V�nn�O��%b%�͛LÊ����Ns���k���*�K�us��5o�Tv�Jv�h����ܑיּ����Wsԏ���fGP�#�{���{��on�PƔ���}4/u��S��^SX1B�LT�2Q&Lɻ&�D�����$@�H
�6�^!�|��D�� �<44��A%%��‹�X�@�@
m�J�x��N1�?�`ЗU�p @�	��'��9�#��'��T��s�')@�@H�'�7�o�Xb:D��p|�[*Ս���t�z�O�ԍ��4�	�-�|e�E�� @'	��O�/���ƪ�!,�C��R�nd'&P�Ի}R�nd'&�>�	� @�L
m�z�@� p��u|B� X&���\=b� @8A
}�:>!@�,@C[��C� � ��>A�� @�	��-W��!@�N@C���O@� ��Ж�G�� @'��OP�' @��e�h������r-�bߖ�6G}��G�������u� @�
�������R���cHB�]����0�Q%�m�ns�i��77�
H]�ה��4�7�UV\9}C����RrVN�LuJ��雫�ݙ[MJ�����T?J�ہ)S�?�wJ���ٖ�6G+H�i�]u�,�.��G��&���-M����\�Y9�25t�R�_DFW�r(��_Dޣ�]������5 n��8H =�R�k/�nptM?��-ה��zQ���S��]����g�4���@���V��h�t[�F�䬜~0q��x��M �!H%g�������^�<�� ���d���e@�����y$�� �o(h������r�
LĠ䬜n� �x��&n˵��r�YV"
-��o���?i��_��~d8�i!;�,�m�{�UjQ/��N�Raò�����_�"_Y&>�R`���۫e�$:�tE�B�1D���qG�uOkq<�/@�n�2չ�:�1��SYe��YsEZ�̑�iq���a���j��B6�T
���B%���.�~�K*�ʳ��?Q���9%5�ڕ�$^SSlFC���C�z���~���5-��_b�zIgeW\s��i}�W,7� b� �j��P��Ǘ�H�eXz�?��
�Ha0�yJ3��S�l!�2E
�k�pz�R�U�W�>�H�{UI�(��ͬ|��Ζ5��B�f��#�[Y#͢�:65K�i�����o^>�@& ��Mu�֜^��ٝ��Ⳣ�ǿy��|�p�k���:$�k3�$�*J*^��Ks�w�%��=�<���:�@��@���ߊ^�jIpӫ�y��D(}����y�D�l�M!�����g @��
]J�=������)����"���f�A1� p	�>
-���M��Uw���ҥy�s$<��\�F�;%� <C�OC�i՘��?/`i.Z�`�rjw����ٕ>�!@�tk�Q���d_��a��s
Z�v�Ӧ��=���2�"-�_�$%���{��/J���\���r���^2�䬜~�n
-�	�(Ot�P�,R<��+�_?r��.\Q��u�+m�����R�@� ��
ݔ5]t�R���H��.ԕ�%���dm���vJ#56��Vt�<�J�z#z.�Yv��;��5Iv-�t��6G�䬜�9Ys�x����:���r�����
�'K?8<}{�����8;s�땅}�L9+C+ϯ#M��k���Zb��$��r�)]̸,��j�'��Ҝ��?�i?��pS,����(S!gʴ��,�9����˔?\K{zH6:�K7��7�C�)�����D�W�M�m)����۔S)�PצUnV�^ͨ��W�ڡ�b�̢�iM��L��:M���I��ӳ�\i�Х���O���f��u7�Z�����nN��Қ�J59S&eoh��:�����2ͽA�Y'�ݰx�Y��3�\3<�N�j�~�3}K��i͵�怩�f�c�(��ͳ(�f�c�T�r��d�)��S��K=SJ� %4� �!��(_ɜ<!@	4�W��J/γ�H�ϹK��=�!@�"h苊1='k����U����	d�r
vsɈ
��@C�c{��{���?@��w�G�X:��K]����� �q��p�x ��L�v��'�r��T�D�(e2A�D�h��Ļ�7V�� @����o���Xb:D��p|�[*Ս���t�z�O�ԍ��އ>A�� @�	��-W��!@�N@C���O@� ��Ж�G�� @'��OP�' @��ehh��#v@� ���'��� @�24���; @��	h���	@� `��r��� @�4�	� @�L
m�z���9����?��N 6@��{��������g�Sc�������p�Ǵ�\wV��/���k�^٥��@�\)y��c��]�Mi7�o(�sqs���j�ME7��)D��ʤ����m�d�}+�t��~ג�s�b��~��{�%����}?ʢ7)��=|z��U�Hx���SA��
L�,S]=��e�����e�-Vv���z��ɺ�]�S��k�@󰴚qw����9/=�䍤�����2Ew.�����藷�.�n�vi�+(��[���eIT,!d���?�p�q�h��% @�e��@rN(��LvAn?�P����24t�S�/#!�nz��o+4���‘ܕ��?��Z��M�@��	�S�& \�a7�BC�\b����z؉&{T�%M��n���H%�8"�;	P�N`}��}	'���J�WLw��O����B�f�~s�jZˢ�*�ӬA81g���N&��R�	�j3Y\E��.��*�_���`깚`���1�^��*rO���]��FC�c��r�����wb�ϳR/��i2~3��J�}j\��>K�-�q����Ch�'�x�
7>k9��%��:��ص�#�7�k~,�1��d�J��q��K�"j+���t
/�U���JIww'uѼ
3��ng�8{�Ɯ�V�\��t-d�w��/���F~�~M6�_�!��	��E���jǖ*B7Gӂ�b+]�\GA�5�t8@s�Pq4%T��^d�������@z�����vZ�� �!3	,:/f�����{��ֱE�$z?�7�Rs�]�!͵u�: `�����M��w��w�6E�I7ѓjC�BC�a?�t*�9?S|��\�O�x�D�(���ۊ�{:l睸)@��S0bd�@�
�Eߟ�^�<5����3XC�9�p�n���n|�4���h��5 ���(7w��1��10<L ����{(�Ta��6T&4�3ݻ;��5�D�-��KQ�ļ�M�[��-���T�s+O$�H��_ L���
f	�r�ǀ����4��J�G�T�\��6��g�#�B���T][���@�%%�Q]��L4�)�Z6�\��q孲mM�Y��ވނf��U]�]�ʢ���tE�ߚZ���4���"ɺ3�����hC�
}��9�Z-{�#����^�
�kjs����$͊��'>����[ȳh��f�_�sp3�_��=��_��V8�fVb�J��Q�� ��0��"K�)C�&��f����.����
��.���5e�Sqn�7[+]ե1G;BE���]��ź�Ns�=Z*a�Bkي��T��q4��4�#�4��Z"�\*M��7�#;�Ê��V��&_ksǔ�Yi�J5�G}	��k�ڵ��_��W�ej���ڱ�pJ���E���t;����4�����o+ܱ���,[{�R��.I5(�E�rK|9wMG�K��3�H���B��3�ȻИ���.'� @`14�b���@�@���5�� @�04����@II�o]��}@����r�	d�ȉ���y���'g@�L
m�zO����G����̿Ϲ�t�� X%�3�+dz��BL����vK�����@�NP�I���1� @�����B���%c�(e2A�D��&e�}he"H@� ����/*�@� � ��6Q&�� @����b
 @��	hhe"H@� ����/*�@� � ��6Q&�� @����b
 @��	hhe"H@� ����/*�@� � ��6Q&�� @����b<ʟ��H���q$w�B� ������.2��Y~*0kJX�h�����O/ُ�
�Y�l}V�u4ŏ��B��4�jؙH�^։�L�3�vI3G�(���;�2ewK9�t�#�ț��?-���7�TS��iu<�RF�>�:��r���I�k�4�߰�+��c�b_.�:+�Jro�:��7Z�,��=��� ��Z�����b���z�$�}��r����޶�BGQ#u��p���p�˪+빮���{Q6�^�"l�H��؆z���^��ѱ�&?�����t�*��vR�����+���3!ߺM,��/%s�}x7}=9@X&�aF�;�r���ǒڶX�Ӈ��[�ާ٥��n�h�ޞ��=E��%�)8�=K�"„��tq(�~6}��|t���Y9��=A�Y,��"{�iO�x�H
m�jژ5�kg�hT���������?@q<E�V��>�'g�u�� �"CBC���5���۔����k	��0��D˜,噭�NQ�������^A`x7�^S4�v��f�E%ͦ?�Z<�p�(�4��n#��'���6�/rhj�+�IM�s�н�,�{��T��:0��ЖڑX!`����/c�t�̈���b�Z�"/Z����P���ԥi�J��;K��	�Ϥ�� 6l �b���b�r�r�҄��n"za@��n1�?g>��gz�]$\��=D'�I'�|֧�I�r��X�$�\,ܦ�R��7:���%J�zJ�0b�j/U�.r���Km�#	QF�t&��2~���
���_�@C��r�b����D���.BxalO� P"�[�?i�785��uʻ���Tg��e�ۊY�7K�,"4�ιݦu���t{��l�i��e�|������r��d��6�Xx�cnY���$
zn�\dm�{v��p������k�P��*7��}y~���H��:x�Dٙ/z'��h��+����T��Dy�+��L��)c�MF9�)��ɰX:��>�)�oO@Z�ȐT@���ʃ�K„��V��{��YI�+����$��P[�
u-�κئXFCO�h���1<Q�y��9@�1�L�rø�^�o	�U�;qs�F�)�r�Qhs�f���i��R�1�	z.�c�J=��0����v�3�F�y�#��K�X�p����4|�.<����GRt�S����pwʖI>}$�/�a�<V���>E�����[�|�WH �ʬh���Y��.�?�'-�zl.3I�li0�Z�r�
�N������pp6��?�S��\�h�L�=0�ZSU]/�U�{m��{=���C��2e�L���t�O��].
�ғ�fd�&$p��taHB�v�q����)��N�L��A�.��2$ @��E���P @�L@C�(AB� \D
}Q1� @�4��22�Q�39����@��j�]�Մ�h	���̧L[0k�P&-�-�)��8� @���>�^�x� @�O��ҟ�3�~]IEND�B`��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l
t��0�65�xytvk��$$If�!vh5�x5�x5�x#vx:V�l
t��0�65�xytvk�j���������666666666vvvvvvvvv666666>666666666666666666666666666�6666666666�666666666666hH66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666�62���� 0@P`p������2(�� 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p������ 0@P`p��8X�V~ OJPJQJ_HmH	nH	sH	tH	J`�J|
aNormald��CJ_HaJmH	sH	tH	DA`�DDefault Paragraph FontRi@�R0Table Normal�4�
l4�a�(k �(
0No ListT�@�T�	� List Paragraph
��^��m$OJPJQJ^J^�o�^�	�Default7$8$H$)B*CJOJQJ_HaJmH	phsH	tH	R�R
�	�0Balloon Textd��CJOJQJ^JaJN�O�!N�	�0Balloon Text CharCJOJQJ^JaJ6U`�16j'�0	Hyperlink>*B*ph�PK!����[Content_Types].xml���j�0E����ж�r�(��΢Iw},��-j��4	��w�P�-t#bΙ{U�����T�U^h�d}㨫��)��*1P�'��	�^��W��0)��T�9<�l�#��$yi}��;�~@��(��H����u�*Dנz��/0�ǰ��$��X��3aZ����,�D0j~�3߶�b��~i>���3�\`�?�/�[���G��\�!�-�Rk.�s�Ի�..���a濭?��PK!�֧�6_rels/.rels���j�0���}Q��%v/��C/�}�(h"���O�
����=������ ����C?�h�v=��Ʌ��%[xp��{۵_�Pѣ<�1�H�0���O�R�Bd���JE�4b$��q_����6L�R�7`������0̞O��,�En7�Li�b��/�S���e��е�����PK!ky���theme/theme/themeManager.xml�M
� @�}�w��7c�(Eb�ˮ��C�AǠҟ����7��՛K
Y,�
�e�.���|,���H�,l����xɴ��I�sQ}#Ր���� ֵ+�!�,�^�$j=�GW��)�E�+&
8���PK!����Ptheme/theme/theme1.xml�YOo�6��w toc'vu�ر�-M�n�i���P�@�I}��úa��m�a[�إ�4�:lЯ�GR��X^�6؊�>$�������!)O�^�r�C$�y@�����/�yH*��񄴽)�޵��߻��UDb�`}"�qۋ�Jח���X^�)I`n�E���p)���li�V[]�1M<������O�P��6r�=���z�gb�Ig��u��S�eb��O������R�D۫����qu	�g��Z����o~ٺlAp�lx�pT0���+[}`j���zA��V�2�F���i�@�q�v�֬5\|��ʜ̭N��le�X�ds���jcs���7���f����
��W��+�Ն�7����`���g�Ș��J���j|��h(�K��D-����
dX��iJ�؇(��x$(��:��;�˹!�I_�T��S1�����?E��?�����?ZBΪm���U/������?�~����xY���'���y5�g&΋/����ɋ�>���G�M�Ge���D�����3Vq%'#q�����$�8��K�����)f�w9:ĵ��
x}r�x����w���r�:\TZaG�*�y8I�j�bR��c|XŻ�ǿ�I
u3KG�nD1�NIB�s���
��R��u���K>V�.EL+M2�#'�f��i~�V��vl�{u8��z��H�
�*���:�(W�☕
~��J�T�e\O*�tHG��HY��}KN�P�*ݾ˦���TѼ�9/#��A7�qZ��$*c?���qU��n��w�N��%��O��i�4=3ڗP��
����1�P�m\\9���������Mؓ�2a�D�]�;Yt�\��[x����]�}Wr��|�]��g-���
eW�
�)6-r��CS�j��
i�d	�DЇA�ΜIqbJ#x�꺃6k���#��A�Sh��&ʌt(Q�%��p%m��&]�caSl=�X�����\P�1�Mh�9�M��V�dDA��aV�B��[݈fJ�íP|8�քA�V^��f
�H��n���-��"�d>�z��n��NJ�	�ة�>�b���&����2��v����Kyϼ��D:����,AGm��\nz��i�Ù��.uχYC�6�OMf��3o�r��$��5�����NH�T[XF64�T,ќ���M0�E)`#�5�XY�`�פ;��%�1�U�٥m;���R>QD����D�cp�U�'��&LE�/p���m���%]�����8fi��r�S4�d7y\�`�J�n���ί�I�R��3U�~7+���׸#��m�q�BiD���������i*�L6�9�m�Y&���i���HE��=(K&�N!V�.K�e�LD�ĕ�{D	����vEꦚde��NƟ��e�(�MN9ߜR�6����&3(��a���/D��U�z�<�{ˊ�Y��ȳ����V���)�9�Z[��4^n��5���!J��?��Q�3�eBo�C����M����m<�.�vp�����IY�f���Z�Y_p�[�=al-�Y�}Nc͙���ŋ4vfa��vl����'S��A�8�|�*u�{��-�ߟ0%M0�7%����<���ҍ���PK!
ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.rels��M
�0���wooӺ�&݈Э���5
6?$Q��
�,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@RN��;d�`��o7�g�K(M&$R(.1�r'J��ЊT���8��V�"��AȻ�H�u}��|�$�b{��P����8�g/]�QAsم(����#��L�[������PK-!����[Content_Types].xmlPK-!�֧�6+_rels/.relsPK-!ky���theme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!����P�theme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-!
ѐ��'�	theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK]�
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<a:clrMap xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main" bg1="lt1" tx1="dk1" bg2="lt2" tx2="dk2" accent1="accent1" accent2="accent2" accent3="accent3" accent4="accent4" accent5="accent5" accent6="accent6" hlink="hlink" folHlink="folHlink"/>c������
�)-�7M;�?cCwP�U�e�q�y��
����|W�[Hb�dmfsg1i{jxk�l�n2q�s�s]_`acds|�����������������������(�9�9�9�9�93:7:j:n:�:�:�:;C;X;u;�;�;�;
<0<B<�B�BCC/CICcC�Lio�o�o�o�o�o�opp�p�pqq,qAqVqcqxq�q@u��(�8�5����^>b�gXo�s^befghijklmnopqrtuvwxyz{}~�����������������������������������2c�X����8�@�����������0�(	�
��B
�S����	?�X`GL���+016 $������
8>���� /jp��

%*0-2HJ�gp��
!!�!�!"" "%"P"R"^"c"l"n"x"}"�"�"F%T%�%
&�(�(�*�*�+�+�,�,--�/�/�/�/�/�/�/�/u0�0111"1=1D1�1�1�1�1�1�1�1�1333%3*3/3c3e3r33W6`6�6�6�7�7�7�7�7�7F8L8�8�8d9m9�9�9:!:;:D:s:|:�:�:�:�:�:�:.;2;�;�;�;�;�;�;=<C<K<R<�<�<=%=G=N=�>�>�>�>�?�?LAUA�A�A�A�A(B1B�D�DdEmE�E�EuFxF�F�F	GGG!G�G�G9HBH~H�HJJ'J.J{J�J�J�J%K'K4K6KLLQLZL�L�L�L�L�L�LM%MNMSMTMYM�M�MGNIN�N�NO)O7O@OPPTPYP_P�P�P<RCRwRyR�R�R�R�R�R�RSS�S�S�S�STT�T�TUU	UUUUbUiU�U�U5V>V`VeVfVkV�V�V�V�VXX\XgX�X�X�Y�Y�Z[
[[E\L\m]v]�]�]^'^�_�_�a�a�b�b�c�c�d�dzf}fk
kkkUk_k
llll/l2l�p�p�q�q�q�qr'r�r�rs$s�s�s
tt?tDthtqt�t�t�t�t
uuv$v;vEvevkvnwvw�w�w�w�wxx�x�x�x�x�y�y�y�y#z,z�z�z�z�z�z�zX{Z{o{q{�{�{�{�{�{�{U|_|�|�|�|�|�|�|-}7}[}]}n}p}�}�}!~*~,5����V�[���������€ȀE�J�P�R�w�y�������������́ρ���������%�,�B�G���˄�%���������φц��c�j���������F�M�y���!�'���|���x�~�����E�L���������=�B�ɒϒԒےx��������(�3�y�������������ΖԖU�a�L�W�ȘΘ�	�[�f�4�=�����՞ܞݞ����[�a���������̟ן��f�k�n�w�y�}�����������ǠϠܠ(�/�;�K�աڡۡ�����T�_�f�j�k�t�u����������������"�'�/�4�A�I�M�X�_�������7�G�U�Z���ŤƤʤ̤ҤӤؤ�����������1�9�x�������������"�'�/�U�[�����������%�*�6�;�B�G�U�Z�d�i�n�u�z���������@�I�������+�0�1�6�8�@�A�I�K�Q�R�a�f�q�����������$�0�S�X���������%�-�3�8�����Ϋث���;�@�G�L�d�l�p�s�y������ǬϬC�H���­ʭέݭ������������������������Ůˮ7�<�c�i�������ůK�P�Z�_�f�k�y�����������ư˰��e�,4a���SYad��� � ..i/k/�56�78;:F:G:J:W;\;_<d<~=�=�?�?�A�A�E�EGG~N�N�TU$VnV�W�WxX�X�X�XOY]Y^^�^�^``BdHd�d�dnn�o�o�p�p�|�|�~�~`�d�w�z�ňʈ6�>��������Ǚ˙h�m���Þe�o�̟�n�~�������ݠ�&�(�L�ա�
��f������������������`���[�_��������x����C�����������=�@�U�����e�33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333+?�������!�����@�@�B�I�K�K�X�i�b�e�	�.W ̈́\��������� ,��d����������26}	:G���������?8�T�Ry����������5�)n�V���������v�.ZN����������\l�@��(�����������g�m�V�9���������iA�w�>@2����������������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��p����p^�p`���OJQJo(" ��@����@^�@`���OJQJo(" ������^�`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��P����P^�P`���OJQJo(" �������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��p����p^�p`���OJQJo(" ��@����@^�@`���OJQJo(" ������^�`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��P����P^�P`���OJQJo(" �����^��`���o(.������^��`���.��p�L�^�p`�L�.��@���^�@`���.�����^�`���.����L�^��`�L�.������^��`���.������^��`���.��P�L�^�P`�L�.�����^��`���o(.������^��`���.��p�L�^�p`�L�.��@���^�@`���.�����^�`���.����L�^��`�L�.������^��`���.������^��`���.��P�L�^�P`�L�.�����^��`���o(.������^��`���.��p�L�^�p`�L�.��@���^�@`���.�����^�`���.����L�^��`�L�.������^��`���.������^��`���.��P�L�^�P`�L�.�����^��`���o(.������^��`���.��p�L�^�p`�L�.��@���^�@`���.�����^�`���.����L�^��`�L�.������^��`���.������^��`���.��P�L�^�P`�L�.�������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��p����p^�p`���OJQJo(" ��@����@^�@`���OJQJo(" ������^�`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��P����P^�P`���OJQJo(" �������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��p����p^�p`���OJQJo(" ��@����@^�@`���OJQJo(" ������^�`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��P����P^�P`���OJQJo(" �������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��p����p^�p`���OJQJo(" ��@����@^�@`���OJQJo(" ������^�`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��������^��`���OJQJo(" ��P����P^�P`���OJQJo(" 	?8��5�)v�.26}	�.WiA�w ,��g�m\l�@��������������������������������������	��	����fМv��J�ӚVt>x������4����%���G���ǮC��*�/r�@/�ҿf2Ζh�.��																																				(r|�Ě��zN��m
el~�M���fdw��
�v�l��� L��i���W�o6bX�|�L4]~���N�
H�"���n\����qҲ�]fL*�H�FL�p*WF~8�	��1�W#`�=J-�1�W#`_�P�cAQ�1�W�J�__�P#s�=�r�1�W#`�'�r�1�W#`c
�x��N~w�3x\-�?XEbzE�H|
a�{���]�LZ��q����y�-�/�8T���vk��3�\�j'��	���c�e��@�ee �ee�"#�D�E�F�HJLMOPRThijkmnopJwJxJyJ~J�J�J�J�J�����c��@�� @��4@�(�X@�0�d@�T��@�X��@�^�b��@�f��@�j��@�������@���@��� @�������L@���X@���d@��@�`��@��Unknown������������G��.�Cx�	�Times New Roman5��Symbol3.��*�Cx�	�Arial7.���@�Calibri5.��.�[`�)�TahomaA���$B�Cambria Math"q���h�Zj��Zj�y�Z�Ay�ZA!�������0	�	�2�Q���HP	�$P�����������������������	�2!xx���saranya serisaranya seri0	����Oh��+'��0(
px��	��
��
� �saranya seriNormalsaranya seri2Microsoft Office Word@F�#@>� a�@>� a�y�����՜.��+,��D��՜.��+,��,�hp|�������
���AZ	�Title� 8@_PID_HLINKS�At2
mailto:saranya1153@gmail.com
	

 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������	
����
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01����3456789����;<=>?@A����������������F����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Root Entry��������	�F��� a�H�Data
�������������{1Table�����LWordDocument����|�SummaryInformation(������������2DocumentSummaryInformation8��������:CompObj������������y������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
����	�F'Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 Document
MSWordDocWord.Document.8�9�q

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit