����JFIFXX�����    $.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342  2!!22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222����"��4�� ���,�PG"Z_�4�˷����kjز�Z�,F+��_z�,�© �����zh6�٨�ic�fu���#ډb���_�N�?��wQ���5-�~�I���8����TK<5o�Iv-�����k�_U_�����~b�M��d����Ӝ�U�Hh��?]��E�w��Q���k�{��_}qFW7HTՑ��Y��F�?_�'ϔ��_�Ջt��=||I ��6�έ"�����D���/[�k�9���Y�8ds|\���Ҿp6�Ҵ���]��.����6�z<�v��@]�i%��$j��~�g��J>��no����pM[me�i$[����s�o�ᘨ�˸ nɜG-�ĨU�ycP�3.DB�li�;��hj���x7Z^�N�h������N3u{�:j�x�힞��#M&��jL P@_���� P��&��o8������9�����@Sz6�t7#O�ߋ �s}Yf�T���lmr����Z)'N��k�۞p����w\�Tȯ?�8`�O��i{wﭹW�[�r�� ��Q4F�׊���3m&L�=��h3����z~��#�\�l :�F,j@�� ʱ�wQT����8�"kJO���6�֚l����}���R�>ډK���]��y����&����p�}b��;N�1�m�r$�|��7�>e�@B�TM*-iH��g�D�)� E�m�|�ؘbҗ�a��Ҿ����t4���o���G��*oCN�rP���Q��@z,|?W[0�����:�n,jWiE��W��$~/�hp\��?��{(�0���+�Y8rΟ�+����>S-S����VN;�}�s?.����� w�9��˟<���Mq4�Wv'��{)0�1mB��V����W[�����8�/<� �%���wT^�5���b��)iM� pg�N�&ݝ��VO~�q���u���9� ����!��J27����$O-���! �:�%H��� ـ����y�ΠM=t{!S�� oK8������t<����è:a������[�����ա�H���~��w��Qz`�po�^ ����Q��n� �,uu�C�$ ^���,������8�#��:�6��e�|~���!�3�3.�\0��q��o�4`.|� ����y�Q�`~;�d�ׯ,��O�Zw�������`73�v�܋�<���Ȏ�� ـ4k��5�K�a�u�=9Yd��$>x�A�&�� j0� ���vF��� Y�|�y��� ~�6�@c��1vOp�Ig����4��l�OD���L����� R���c���j�_�uX6��3?nk��Wy�f;^*B� ��@�~a�`��Eu������+���6�L��.ü>��}y���}_�O�6�͐�:�YrG�X��kG�����l^w���~㒶sy��Iu�!� W ��X��N�7BV��O��!X�2����wvG�R�f�T#�����t�/?���%8�^�W�aT��G�cL�M���I��(J����1~�8�?aT ���]����AS�E��(��*E}� 2��#I/�׍qz��^t�̔���b�Yz4x���t�){ OH��+(E��A&�N�������XT��o��"�XC��'���)}�J�z�p� ��~5�}�^����+�6����w��c��Q�|Lp�d�H��}�(�.|����k��c4^�"�����Z?ȕ ��a<�L�!039C� �Eu�C�F�Ew�ç ;�n?�*o���B�8�bʝ���'#Rqf���M}7����]����s2tcS{�\icTx;�\��7K���P���ʇ Z O-��~��c>"��?�������P��E��O�8��@�8��G��Q�g�a�Վ���󁶠�䧘��_%#r�>�1�z�a��eb��qcPѵ��n���#L��� =��׀t� L�7�`��V���A{�C:�g���e@�w1 Xp3�c3�ġ����p��M"'-�@n4���fG��B3�DJ�8[Jo�ߐ���gK)ƛ��$���� ���8�3�����+���� �����6�ʻ���� ���S�kI�*KZlT _`���?��K����QK�d����B`�s}�>���`��*�>��,*@J�d�oF*����弝��O}�k��s��]��y�ߘ��c1G�V���<=�7��7����6�q�PT��tXԀ�!9*4�4Tހ3XΛex�46���Y��D ����� �BdemDa����\�_l,��G�/���֌7���Y�](�xTt^%�GE�����4�}bT���ڹ�����;Y)���B�Q��u��>J/J �⮶.�XԄ��j�ݳ�+E��d ��r�5�_D�1 ��o�� �B�x�΢�#���<��W�����8���R6�@g�M�.��� dr�D��>(otU��@x=��~v���2� ӣ�d�oBd��3�eO�6�㣷�����ݜ6��6Y��Qz`��S��{���\P�~z m5{J/L��1������<�e�ͅPu�b�]�ϔ���'������f�b� Zpw��c`"��i���BD@:)ִ�:�]��hv�E�w���T�l��P���"Ju�}��وV J��G6��. J/�Qgl߭�e�����@�z�Zev2u�)]կ�����7x���s�M�-<ɯ�c��r�v�����@��$�ޮ}lk���a���'����>x��O\�ZFu>�����ck#��&:��`�$�ai�>2Δ����l���oF[h��lE�ܺ�Πk:)���`�� $[6�����9�����kOw�\|���8}������ބ:��񶐕��I�A1/�=�2[�,�!��.}gN#�u����b��� ~��݊��}34q����d�E��Lc��$��"�[q�U�硬g^��%B �z���r�pJ�ru%v\h1Y�ne`ǥ:g���pQM~�^�Xi� ��`S�:V29.�P���V�?B�k�� AEvw%�_�9C�Q����wKekPؠ�\�;Io d�{ ߞo�c1eP����\� `����E=���@K<�Y���eڼ�J���w����{av�F�'�M�@/J��+9p���|]�����Iw &`��8���&M�hg��[�{��Xj��%��Ӓ�$��(����ʹN���<>�I���RY���K2�NPlL�ɀ)��&e����B+ь����( � �JTx���_?EZ� }@ 6�U���뙢ط�z��dWI�n` D����噥�[��uV��"�G&Ú����2g�}&m��?ċ�"����Om#��������� ��{�ON��"S�X��Ne��ysQ���@Fn��Vg���dX�~nj�]J�<�K]:��FW��b�������62�=��5f����JKw��bf�X�55��~J �%^����:�-�QIE��P��v�nZum� z � ~ə ���� ���ة����;�f��\v���g�8�1��f24;�V���ǔ�)����9���1\��c��v�/'Ƞ�w�������$�4�R-��t���� e�6�/�ġ �̕Ecy�J���u�B���<�W�ַ~�w[B1L۲�-JS΂�{���΃������A��20�c#��@ 0!1@AP"#2Q`$3V�%45a6�FRUq��� ����^7ׅ,$n�������+��F�`��2X'��0vM��p�L=������5��8������u�p~���.�`r�����\���O��,ư�0oS ��_�M�����l���4�kv\JSd���x���SW�<��Ae�IX����������$I���w�:S���y���›R��9�Q[���,�5�;�@]�%���u�@ *ro�lbI �� ��+���%m:�͇ZV�����u�̉����θau<�fc�.����{�4Ա� �Q����*�Sm��8\ujqs]{kN���)qO�y�_*dJ�b�7���yQqI&9�ԌK!�M}�R�;������S�T���1���i[U�ɵz�]��U)V�S6���3$K{�ߊ<�(� E]Զ[ǼENg�����'�\?#)Dkf��J���o��v���'�%ƞ�&K�u�!��b�35LX�Ϸ��63$K�a�;�9>,R��W��3�3� d�JeTYE.Mϧ��-�o�j3+y��y^�c�������VO�9NV\nd�1 ��!͕_)a�v;����թ�M�lWR1��)El��P;��yوÏ�u 3�k�5Pr6<�⒲l�!˞*��u־�n�!�l:����UNW ��%��Chx8vL'��X�@��*��)���̮��ˍ��� ���D-M�+J�U�kvK����+�x8��cY������?�Ԡ��~3mo��|�u@[XeY�C�\Kp�x8�oC�C�&����N�~3-H���� ��MX�s�u<`���~"WL��$8ξ��3���a�)|:@�m�\���^�`�@ҷ)�5p+��6���p�%i)P M���ngc�����#0Aruz���RL+xSS?���ʮ}()#�t��mˇ!��0}}y����<�e� �-ή�Ԩ��X������ MF���ԙ~l L.3���}�V뽺�v�����멬��Nl�)�2����^�Iq��a��M��qG��T�����c3#������3U�Ǎ���}��לS�|qa��ڃ�+���-��2�f����/��bz��ڐ�� �ݼ[2�ç����k�X�2�* �Z�d���J�G����M*9W���s{��w���T��x��y,�in�O�v��]���n����P�$�JB@=4�OTI�n��e�22a\����q�d���%�$��(���:���: /*�K[PR�fr\nڙdN���F�n�$�4�[�� U�zƶ����� �mʋ���,�ao�u 3�z� �x��Kn����\[��VFmbE;�_U��&V�Gg�]L�۪&#n%�$ɯ�dG���D�TI=�%+AB�Ru#��b4�1�»x�cs�YzڙJG��f��Il��d�eF'T� iA��T���uC�$����Y��H?����[!G`}���ͪ� �纤Hv\������j�Ex�K���!���OiƸ�Yj�+u-<���'q����uN�*�r\��+�]���<�wOZ.fp�ێ��,-*)V?j-kÊ#�`�r��dV����(�ݽBk�����G�ƛk�QmUڗe��Z���f}|����8�8��a���i��3'J�����~G_�^���d�8w������ R�`(�~�.��u���l�s+g�bv���W���lGc}��u���afE~1�Ue������Z�0�8�=e�� f@/�jqEKQQ�J��oN��J���W5~M>$6�Lt�;$ʳ{���^��6�{����v6���ķܰg�V�cnn �~z�x�«�,2�u�?cE+Ș�H؎�%�Za�)���X>uW�Tz�Nyo����s���FQƤ��$��*�&�LLXL)�1�" L��eO��ɟ�9=���:t��Z���c��Ž���Y?�ӭV�wv�~,Y��r�ۗ�|�y��GaF�����C�����.�+� ���v1���fήJ�����]�S��T��B��n5sW}y�$��~z�'�c ��8 ��� ,! �p��VN�S��N�N�q��y8z˱�A��4��*��'������2n<�s���^ǧ˭P�Jޮɏ�U�G�L�J�*#��<�V��t7�8����TĜ>��i}K%,���)[��z�21z ?�N�i�n1?T�I�R#��m-�����������������1����lA�`��fT5+��ܐ�c�q՝��ʐ��,���3�f2U�եmab��#ŠdQ�y>\��)�SLY����w#��.���ʑ�f��� ,"+�w�~�N�'�c�O�3F�������N<���)j��&��,-� �љ���֊�_�zS���TǦ����w�>��?�������n��U仆�V���e�����0���$�C�d���rP �m�׈e�Xm�Vu� �L��.�bֹ��� �[Դaզ���*��\y�8�Է:�Ez\�0�Kq�C b��̘��cө���Q��=0Y��s�N��S.���3.���O�o:���#���v7�[#߫ ��5�܎�L���Er4���9n��COWlG�^��0k�%<���ZB���aB_���������'=��{i�v�l�$�uC���mƎҝ{�c㱼�y]���W�i ��ߧc��m�H� m�"�"�����;Y�ߝ�Z�Ǔ�����:S#��|}�y�,/k�Ld� TA�(�AI$+I3��;Y*���Z��}|��ӧO��d�v��..#:n��f>�>���ȶI�TX��� 8��y����"d�R�|�)0���=���n4��6ⲑ�+��r<�O�܂~zh�z����7ܓ�HH�Ga롏���nCo�>������a ���~]���R���̲c?�6(�q�;5%� |�uj�~z8R=X��I�V=�|{v�Gj\gc��q����z�؋%M�ߍ����1y��#��@f^���^�>N�����#x#۹��6�Y~�?�dfPO��{��P�4��V��u1E1J �*|���%���JN��`eWu�zk M6���q t[�� ��g�G���v��WIG��u_ft����5�j�"�Y�:T��ɐ���*�;� e5���4����q$C��2d�}���� _S�L#m�Yp��O�.�C�;��c����Hi#֩%+) �Ӎ��ƲV���SYź��g |���tj��3�8���r|���V��1#;.SQ�A[���S������#���`n�+���$��$I �P\[�@�s��(�ED�z���P��])8�G#��0B��[ى��X�II�q<��9�~[Z멜�Z�⊔IWU&A>�P~�#��dp<�?����7���c��'~���5 ��+$���lx@�M�dm��n<=e�dyX��?{�|Aef ,|n3�<~z�ƃ�uۧ�����P��Y,�ӥQ�*g�#먙R�\���;T��i,��[9Qi歉����c>]9�� ��"�c��P�� �Md?٥��If�ت�u��k��/����F��9�c*9��Ǎ:�ØF���z�n*�@|I�ށ9����N3{'��[�'ͬ�Ҳ4��#}��!�V� Fu��,�,mTIk���v C�7v���B�6k�T9��1�*l� '~��ƞF��lU��'�M ����][ΩũJ_�{�i�I�n��$���L�� j��O�dx�����kza۪��#�E��Cl����x˘�o�����V���ɞ�ljr��)�/,�߬h�L��#��^��L�ф�,íMƁe�̩�NB�L�����iL����q�}��(��q��6IçJ$�W�E$��:������=#����(�K�B����zђ <��K(�N�۫K�w��^O{!����)�H���>x�������lx�?>Պ�+�>�W���,Ly!_�D���Ō�l���Q�!�[ �S����J��1��Ɛ�Y}��b,+�Lo�x�ɓ)����=�y�oh�@�꥟/��I��ѭ=��P�y9��� �ۍYӘ�e+�p�Jnϱ?V\SO%�(�t� ���=?MR�[Ș�����d�/ ��n�l��B�7j� ��!�;ӥ�/�[-���A�>�dN�sLj ��,ɪv��=1c�.SQ�O3�U���ƀ�ܽ�E����������̻��9G�ϷD�7(�}��Ävӌ\�y�_0[w ���<΍>����a_��[0+�L��F.�޺��f�>oN�T����q;���y\��bՃ��y�jH�<|q-eɏ�_?_9+P���Hp$�����[ux�K w�Mw��N�ی'$Y2�=��q���KB��P��~������Yul:�[<����F1�2�O���5=d����]Y�sw:���Ϯ���E��j,_Q��X��z`H1,#II ��d�wr��P˂@�ZJV����y$�\y�{}��^~���[:N����ߌ�U�������O��d�����ؾe��${p>G��3c���Ė�lʌ�� ת��[��`ϱ�-W����dg�I��ig2��� ��}s ��ؤ(%#sS@���~���3�X�nRG�~\jc3�v��ӍL��M[JB�T��s3}��j�Nʖ��W����;7��ç?=X�F=-�=����q�ߚ���#���='�c��7���ڑW�I(O+=:uxq�������������e2�zi+�kuG�R��������0�&e�n���iT^J����~\jy���p'dtG��s����O��3����9* �b#Ɋ�� p������[Bws�T�>d4�ۧs���nv�n���U���_�~,�v����ƜJ1��s�� �QIz��)�(lv8M���U=�;����56��G���s#�K���MP�=��LvyGd��}�VwWBF�'�à �?MH�U�g2�� ����!�p�7Q��j��ڴ����=��j�u��� Jn�A s���uM������e��Ɔ�Ҕ�!)'��8Ϣ�ٔ��ޝ(��Vp���צ֖d=�IC�J�Ǡ{q������kԭ�߸���i��@K����u�|�p=..�*+����x�����z[Aqġ#s2a�Ɗ���RR�)*HRsi�~�a &f��M��P����-K�L@��Z��Xy�'x�{}��Zm+���:�)�) IJ�-i�u���� ���ܒH��'�L(7�y�GӜq���� j��� 6ߌg1�g�o���,kر���tY�?W,���p���e���f�OQS��!K�۟cҒA�|ս�j�>��=⬒��˧L[�� �߿2JaB~R��u�:��Q�] �0H~���]�7��Ƽ�I���(}��cq '�ήET���q�?f�ab���ӥvr� �)o��-Q��_'����ᴎo��K������;��V���o��%���~OK ����*��b�f:���-ťIR��`B�5!RB@���ï�� �u �̯e\�_U�_������� g�ES��3�������QT��a����x����U<~�c?�*�#]�MW,[8O�a�x��]�1bC|踤�P��lw5V%�)�{t�<��d��5���0i�XSU��m:��Z�┵�i�"��1�^B�-��P�hJ��&)O��*�D��c�W��vM��)����}���P��ܗ-q����\mmζZ-l@�}��a��E�6��F�@��&Sg@���ݚ�M����� ȹ 4����#p�\H����dYDo�H���"��\��..R�B�H�z_�/5˘����6��KhJR��P�mƶi�m���3�,#c�co��q�a)*Pt����R�m�k�7x�D�E�\Y�閣_X�<���~�)���c[[�BP����6�Yq���S��0����%_����;��Àv�~�| VS؇ ��'O0��F0��\���U�-�d@�����7�SJ*z��3n��y��P����O���������m�~�P�3|Y��ʉr#�C�<�G~�.,! ���bqx���h~0=��!ǫ�jy����l�O,�[B��~��|9��ٱ����Xly�#�i�B��g%�S��������tˋ���e���ې��\[d�t)��.+u�|1 ������#�~Oj����hS�%��i.�~X���I�H�m��0n���c�1uE�q��cF�RF�o���7� �O�ꮧ� ���ۛ{��ʛi5�rw?׌#Qn�TW��~?y$��m\�\o����%W� ?=>S�N@�� �Ʈ���R����N�)�r"C�:��:����� �����#��qb��Y�. �6[��2K����2u�Ǧ�HYR��Q�MV��� �G�$��Q+.>�����nNH��q�^��� ����q��mM��V��D�+�-�#*�U�̒ ���p욳��u:�������IB���m���PV@O���r[b= �� ��1U�E��_Nm�yKbN�O���U�}�the�`�|6֮P>�\2�P�V���I�D�i�P�O;�9�r�mAHG�W�S]��J*�_�G��+kP�2����Ka�Z���H�'K�x�W�MZ%�O�YD�Rc+o��?�q��Ghm��d�S�oh�\�D�|:W������UA�Qc yT�q������~^�H��/��#p�CZ���T�I�1�ӏT����4��"�ČZ�����}��`w�#�*,ʹ�� ��0�i��課�Om�*�da��^gJ݅{���l�e9uF#T�ֲ��̲�ٞC"�q���ߍ ոޑ�o#�XZTp����@ o�8��(jd��xw�]�,f���`~�|,s��^����f�1���t��|��m�򸄭/ctr��5s��7�9Q�4�H1꠲BB@l9@���C�����+�wp�xu�£Yc�9��?`@#�o�mH�s2��)�=��2�.�l����jg�9$�Y�S�%*L������R�Y������7Z���,*=�䷘$�������arm�o�ϰ���UW.|�r�uf����IGw�t����Zwo��~5 ��YյhO+=8fF�)�W�7�L9lM�̘·Y���֘YLf�큹�pRF���99.A �"wz��=E\Z���'a� 2��Ǚ�#;�'}�G���*��l��^"q��+2FQ� hj��kŦ��${���ޮ-�T�٭cf�|�3#~�RJ����t��$b�(R��(����r���dx� >U b�&9,>���%E\� Ά�e�$��'�q't��*�א���ެ�b��-|d���SB�O�O��$�R+�H�)�܎�K��1m`;�J�2�Y~9��O�g8=vqD`K[�F)k�[���1m޼c��n���]s�k�z$@��)!I �x՝"v��9=�ZA=`Ɠi �:�E��)`7��vI��}d�YI�_ �o�:ob���o ���3Q��&D&�2=�� �Ά��;>�h����y.*ⅥS������Ӭ�+q&����j|UƧ����}���J0��WW< ۋS�)jQR�j���Ư��rN)�Gű�4Ѷ(�S)Ǣ�8��i��W52���No˓� ۍ%�5brOn�L�;�n��\G����=�^U�dI���8$�&���h��'���+�(������cȁ߫k�l��S^���cƗjԌE�ꭔ��gF���Ȓ��@���}O���*;e�v�WV���YJ\�]X'5��ղ�k�F��b 6R�o՜m��i N�i����>J����?��lPm�U��}>_Z&�KK��q�r��I�D�Չ~�q�3fL�:S�e>���E���-G���{L�6p�e,8��������QI��h��a�Xa��U�A'���ʂ���s�+טIjP�-��y�8ۈZ?J$��W�P� ��R�s�]��|�l(�ԓ��sƊi��o(��S0��Y� 8�T97.�����WiL��c�~�dxc�E|�2!�X�K�Ƙਫ਼�$((�6�~|d9u+�qd�^3�89��Y�6L�.I�����?���iI�q���9�)O/뚅����O���X��X�V��ZF[�یgQ�L��K1���RҖr@v�#��X�l��F���Нy�S�8�7�kF!A��sM���^rkp�jP�DyS$N���q��nxҍ!U�f�!eh�i�2�m���`�Y�I�9r�6� �TF���C}/�y�^���Η���5d�'��9A-��J��>{�_l+�`��A���[�'��յ�ϛ#w:݅�%��X�}�&�PSt�Q�"�-��\縵�/����$Ɨh�Xb�*�y��BS����;W�ջ_mc�����vt?2}1�;qS�d�d~u:2k5�2�R�~�z+|HE!)�Ǟl��7`��0�<�,�2*���Hl-��x�^����'_TV�gZA�'j� ^�2Ϊ��N7t�����?w�� �x1��f��Iz�C-Ȗ��K�^q�;���-W�DvT�7��8�Z�������� hK�(P:��Q- �8�n�Z���܃e貾�<�1�YT<�,�����"�6{/ �?�͟��|1�:�#g��W�>$����d��J��d�B��=��jf[��%rE^��il:��B���x���Sּ�1հ��,�=��*�7 fcG��#q� �eh?��2�7�����,�!7x��6�n�LC�4x��},Geǝ�tC.��vS �F�43��zz\��;QYC,6����~;RYS/6���|2���5���v��T��i����������mlv��������&� �nRh^ejR�LG�f���? �ۉҬܦƩ��|��Ȱ����>3����!v��i�ʯ�>�v��オ�X3e���_1z�Kȗ\<������!�8���V��]��?b�k41�Re��T�q��mz��TiOʦ�Z��Xq���L������q"+���2ۨ��8}�&N7XU7Ap�d�X��~�׿��&4e�o�F��� �H����O���č�c�� 懴�6���͉��+)��v;j��ݷ�� �UV�� i��� j���Y9GdÒJ1��詞�����V?h��l����l�cGs�ځ�������y�Ac�����\V3�? �� ܙg�>qH�S,�E�W�[�㺨�uch�⍸�O�}���a��>�q�6�n6����N6�q������N ! 1AQaq�0@����"2BRb�#Pr���3C`��Scst���$4D���%Td�� ?���N����a��3��m���C���w��������xA�m�q�m���m������$����4n淿t'��C"w��zU=D�\R+w�p+Y�T�&�պ@��ƃ��3ޯ?�Aﶂ��aŘ���@-�����Q�=���9D��ռ�ѻ@��M�V��P��܅�G5�f�Y<�u=,EC)�<�Fy'�"�&�չ�X~f��l�KԆV��?�� �W�N����=(� �;���{�r����ٌ�Y���h{�١������jW����P���Tc�����X�K�r��}���w�R��%��?���E��m�� �Y�q|����\lEE4���r���}�lsI�Y������f�$�=�d�yO����p�����yBj8jU�o�/�S��?�U��*������ˍ�0������u�q�m [�?f����a�� )Q�>����6#������� ?����0UQ����,IX���(6ڵ[�DI�MNލ�c&���υ�j\��X�R|,4��� j������T�hA�e��^���d���b<����n�� �즇�=!���3�^�`j�h�ȓr��jẕ�c�,ٞX����-����a�ﶔ���#�$��]w�O��Ӫ�1y%��L�Y<�wg#�ǝ�̗`�x�xa�t�w��»1���o7o5��>�m뭛C���Uƃߜ}�C���y1Xνm�F8�jI���]����H���ۺиE@I�i;r�8ӭ����V�F�Շ| ��&?�3|x�B�MuS�Ge�=Ӕ�#BE5G�����Y!z��_e��q�р/W>|-�Ci߇�t�1ޯќd�R3�u��g�=0 5��[?�#͏��q�cf���H��{ ?u�=?�?ǯ���}Z��z���hmΔ�BFTW�����<�q�(v� ��!��z���iW]*�J�V�z��gX֧A�q�&��/w���u�gYӘa���; �i=����g:��?2�dž6�ى�k�4�>�Pxs����}������G�9��3 ���)gG�R<>r h�$��'nc�h�P��Bj��J�ҧH� -��N1���N��?��~��}-q!=��_2hc�M��l�vY%UE�@|�v����M2�.Y[|y�"Eï��K�ZF,�ɯ?,q�?v�M 80jx�"�;�9vk�����+ ֧�� �ȺU��?�%�vcV��mA�6��Qg^M����A}�3�nl� QRN�l8�kkn�'�����(��M�7m9و�q���%ޟ���*h$Zk"��$�9��: �?U8�Sl��,,|ɒ��xH(ѷ����Gn�/Q�4�P��G�%��Ա8�N��!� �&�7�;���eKM7�4��9R/%����l�c>�x;������>��C�:�����t��h?aKX�bhe�ᜋ^�$�Iհ �hr7%F$�E��Fd���t��5���+�(M6�t����Ü�UU|zW�=a�Ts�Tg������dqP�Q����b'�m���1{|Y����X�N��b �P~��F^F:����k6�"�j!�� �I�r�`��1&�-$�Bevk:y���#yw��I0��x��=D�4��tU���P�ZH��ڠ底taP��6����b>�xa����Q�#� WeF��ŮNj�p�J* mQ�N����*I�-*�ȩ�F�g�3 �5��V�ʊ�ɮ�a��5F���O@{���NX��?����H�]3��1�Ri_u��������ѕ�� ����0��� F��~��:60�p�͈�S��qX#a�5>���`�o&+�<2�D����: �������ڝ�$�nP���*)�N�|y�Ej�F�5ټ�e���ihy�Z �>���k�bH�a�v��h�-#���!�Po=@k̆IEN��@��}Ll?j�O������߭�ʞ���Q|A07x���wt!xf���I2?Z��<ץ�T���cU�j��]��陎Ltl �}5�ϓ��$�,��O�mˊ�;�@O��jE��j(�ا,��LX���LO���Ц�90�O �.����a��nA���7������j4 ��W��_ٓ���zW�jcB������y՗+EM�)d���N�g6�y1_x��p�$Lv:��9�"z��p���ʙ$��^��JԼ*�ϭ����o���=x�Lj�6�J��u82�A�H�3$�ٕ@�=Vv�]�'�qEz�;I˼��)��=��ɯ���x �/�W(V���p�����$ �m�������u�����񶤑Oqˎ�T����r��㠚x�sr�GC��byp�G��1ߠ�w e�8�$⿄����/�M{*}��W�]˷.�CK\�ުx���/$�WPw���r� |i���&�}�{�X� �>��$-��l���?-z���g����lΆ���(F���h�vS*���b���߲ڡn,|)mrH[���a�3�ר�[1��3o_�U�3�TC�$��(�=�)0�kgP���� ��u�^=��4 �WYCҸ:��vQ�ר�X�à��tk�m,�t*��^�,�}D*� �"(�I��9R����>`�`��[~Q]�#af��i6l��8���6�:,s�s�N6�j"�A4���IuQ��6E,�GnH��zS�HO�uk�5$�I�4��ؤ�Q9�@��C����wp�BGv[]�u�Ov���0I4���\��y�����Q�Ѹ��~>Z��8�T��a��q�ޣ;z��a���/��S��I:�ܫ_�|������>=Z����8:�S��U�I�J��"IY���8%b8���H��:�QO�6�;7�I�S��J��ҌAά3��>c���E+&jf$eC+�z�;��V����� �r���ʺ������my�e���aQ�f&��6�ND��.:��NT�vm�<- u���ǝ\MvZY�N�NT��-A�>jr!S��n�O 1�3�Ns�%�3D@���`������ܟ 1�^c<���� �a�ɽ�̲�Xë#�w�|y�cW�=�9I*H8�p�^(4���՗�k��arOcW�tO�\�ƍR��8����'�K���I�Q�����?5�>[�}��yU�ײ -h��=��% q�ThG�2�)���"ו3]�!kB��*p�FDl�A���,�eEi�H�f�Ps�����5�H:�Փ~�H�0Dت�D�I����h�F3�������c��2���E��9�H��5�zԑ�ʚ�i�X�=:m�xg�hd(�v����׊�9iS��O��d@0ڽ���:�p�5�h-��t�&���X�q�ӕ,��ie�|���7A�2���O%P��E��htj��Y1��w�Ѓ!����  ���� ࢽ��My�7�\�a�@�ţ�J �4�Ȼ�F�@o�̒?4�wx��)��]�P��~�����u�����5�����7X ��9��^ܩ�U;Iꭆ 5 �������eK2�7(�{|��Y׎ �V��\"���Z�1� Z�����}��(�Ǝ"�1S���_�vE30>���p;� ΝD��%x�W�?W?v����o�^V�i�d��r[��/&>�~`�9Wh��y�;���R��� ;;ɮT��?����r$�g1�K����A��C��c��K��l:�'��3 c�ﳯ*"t8�~l��)���m��+U,z��`(�>yJ�?����h>��]��v��ЍG*�{`��;y]��I�T� ;c��NU�fo¾h���/$���|NS���1�S�"�H��V���T���4��uhǜ�]�v;���5�͠x��'C\�SBpl���h}�N����� A�Bx���%��ޭ�l��/����T��w�ʽ]D�=����K���ž�r㻠l4�S�O?=�k �M:� ��c�C�a�#ha���)�ѐxc�s���gP�iG��{+���x���Q���I= �� z��ԫ+ �8"�k�ñ�j=|����c ��y��CF��/��*9ж�h{ �?4�o� ��k�m�Q�N�x��;�Y��4膚�a�w?�6�>e]�����Q�r�:����g�,i"�����ԩA�*M�<�G��b�if��l^M��5� �Ҩ�{����6J��ZJ�����P�*�����Y���ݛu�_4�9�I8�7���������,^ToR���m4�H��?�N�S�ѕw��/S��甍�@�9H�S�T��t�ƻ���ʒU��*{Xs�@����f�����֒Li�K{H�w^���������Ϥm�tq���s� ���ք��f:��o~s��g�r��ט� �S�ѱC�e]�x���a��) ���(b-$(�j>�7q�B?ӕ�F��hV25r[7 Y� }L�R��}����*sg+��x�r�2�U=�*'WS��ZDW]�WǞ�<��叓���{�$�9Ou4��y�90-�1�'*D`�c�^o?(�9��u���ݐ��'PI&� f�Jݮ�������:wS����jfP1F:X �H�9dԯ���˝[�_54 �}*;@�ܨ�� ð�yn�T���?�ןd�#���4rG�ͨ��H�1�|-#���Mr�S3��G�3�����)�.᧏3v�z֑��r����$G"�`j �1t��x0<Ɔ�Wh6�y�6��,œ�Ga��gA����y��b��)��h�D��ß�_�m��ü �gG;��e�v��ݝ�nQ� ��C����-�*��o���y�a��M��I�>�<���]obD��"�:���G�A��-\%LT�8���c�)��+y76���o�Q�#*{�(F�⽕�y����=���rW�\p���۩�c���A���^e6��K������ʐ�cVf5$�'->���ՉN"���F�"�UQ@�f��Gb~��#�&�M=��8�ט�JNu9��D��[̤�s�o�~������ G��9T�tW^g5y$b��Y'��س�Ǵ�=��U-2 #�MC�t(�i� �lj�@Q 5�̣i�*�O����s�x�K�f��}\��M{E�V�{�υ��Ƈ�����);�H����I��fe�Lȣr�2��>��W�I�Ȃ6������i��k�� �5�YOxȺ����>��Y�f5'��|��H+��98pj�n�.O�y�������jY��~��i�w'������l�;�s�2��Y��:'lg�ꥴ)o#'Sa�a�K��Z� �m��}�`169�n���"���x��I ��*+� }F<��cГ���F�P�������ֹ*�PqX�x۩��,� ��N�� �4<-����%����:��7����W���u�`����� $�?�I��&����o��o��`v�>��P��"��l���4��5'�Z�gE���8���?��[�X�7(��.Q�-��*���ތL@̲����v��.5���[��=�t\+�CNܛ��,g�SQnH����}*F�G16���&:�t��4ُ"A��̣��$�b �|����#rs��a�����T�� ]�<�j��BS�('$�ɻ� �wP;�/�n��?�ݜ��x�F��yUn�~mL*-�������Xf�wd^�a�}��f�,=t�׵i�.2/wpN�Ep8�OР���•��R�FJ� 55TZ��T �ɭ�<��]��/�0�r�@�f��V��V����Nz�G��^���7hZi����k��3�,kN�e|�vg�1{9]_i��X5y7� 8e]�U����'�-2,���e"����]ot�I��Y_��n�(JҼ��1�O ]bXc���Nu�No��pS���Q_���_�?i�~�x h5d'�(qw52] ��'ޤ�q��o1�R!���`ywy�A4u���h<קy���\[~�4�\ X�Wt/� 6�����n�F�a8��f���z �3$�t(���q��q�x��^�XWeN'p<-v�!�{�(>ӽDP7��ո0�y)�e$ٕv�Ih'Q�EA�m*�H��RI��=:��� ���4牢) �%_iN�ݧ�l]� �Nt���G��H�L��� ɱ�g<���1V�,�J~�ٹ�"K��Q�� 9�HS�9�?@��k����r�;we݁�]I�!{ �@�G�[�"��`���J:�n]�{�cA�E����V��ʆ���#��U9�6����j�#Y�m\��q�e4h�B�7��C�������d<�?J����1g:ٳ���=Y���D�p�ц� ׈ǔ��1�]26؜oS�'��9�V�FVu�P�h�9�xc�oq�X��p�o�5��Ա5$�9W�V(�[Ak�aY錎qf;�'�[�|���b�6�Ck��)��#a#a˙��8���=äh�4��2��C��4tm^ �n'c���]GQ$[Wҿ��i���vN�{Fu ��1�gx��1┷���N�m��{j-,��x�� Ūm�ЧS�[�s���Gna���䑴�� x�p 8<������97�Q���ϴ�v�aϚG��Rt�Һ׈�f^\r��WH�JU�7Z���y)�vg=����n��4�_)y��D'y�6�]�c�5̪�\� �PF�k����&�c;��cq�$~T�7j ���nç]�<�g ":�to�t}�159�<�/�8������m�b�K#g'I'.W�����6��I/��>v��\�MN��g���m�A�yQL�4u�Lj�j9��#44�t��l^�}L����n��R��!��t��±]��r��h6ٍ>�yҏ�N��fU�� ���� Fm@�8}�/u��jb9������he:A�y�ծw��GpΧh�5����l}�3p468��)U��d��c����;Us/�֔�YX�1�O2��uq�s��`hwg�r~�{ R��mhN��؎*q 42�*th��>�#���E����#��Hv�O����q�}�����6�e��\�,Wk�#���X��b>��p}�դ��3���T5��†��6��[��@�P�y*n��|'f�֧>�lư΂�̺����SU�'*�q�p�_S�����M�� '��c�6�����m�� ySʨ;M��r���Ƌ�m�Kxo,���Gm�P��A�G�:��i��w�9�}M(�^�V��$ǒ�ѽ�9���|���� �a����J�SQ�a���r�B;����}���ٻ֢�2�%U���c�#�g���N�a�ݕ�'�v�[�OY'��3L�3�;,p�]@�S��{ls��X�'���c�jw�k'a�.��}�}&�� �dP�*�bK=ɍ!����;3n�gΊU�ߴmt�'*{,=SzfD� A��ko~�G�aoq�_mi}#�m�������P�Xhύ����mxǍ�΂���巿zf��Q���c���|kc�����?���W��Y�$���_Lv����l߶��c���`?����l�j�ݲˏ!V��6����U�Ђ(A���4y)H���p�Z_�x��>���e��R��$�/�`^'3qˏ�-&Q�=?��CFVR �D�fV�9��{�8g�������n�h�(P"��6�[�D���< E�����~0<@�`�G�6����Hг�cc�� �c�K.5��D��d�B���`?�XQ��2��ٿyqo&+�1^� DW�0�ꊩ���G�#��Q�nL3��c���������/��x ��1�1[y�x�პCW��C�c�UĨ80�m�e�4.{�m��u���I=��f�����0QRls9���f���������9���~f�����Ǩ��a�"@�8���ȁ�Q����#c�ic������G��$���G���r/$W�(��W���V�"��m�7�[m�A�m����bo��D� j����۳� l���^�k�h׽����� ��#� iXn�v��eT�k�a�^Y�4�BN��ĕ��0 !01@Q"2AaPq3BR������?���@4�Q�����T3,���㺠�W�[=JK�Ϟ���2�r^7��vc�:�9 �E�ߴ�w�S#d���Ix��u��:��Hp��9E!�� V 2;73|F��9Y���*ʬ�F��D����u&���y؟��^EA��A��(ɩ���^��GV:ݜDy�`��Jr29ܾ�㝉��[���E;Fzx��YG��U�e�Y�C���� ����v-tx����I�sם�Ę�q��Eb�+P\ :>�i�C'�;�����k|z�رn�y]�#ǿb��Q��������w�����(�r|ӹs��[�D��2v-%��@;�8<a���[\o[ϧw��I!��*0�krs)�[�J9^��ʜ��p1)� "��/_>��o��<1����A�E�y^�C��`�x1'ܣn�p��s`l���fQ��):�l����b>�Me�jH^?�kl3(�z:���1ŠK&?Q�~�{�ٺ�h�y���/�[��V�|6��}�KbX����mn[-��7�5q�94�������dm���c^���h� X��5��<�eޘ>G���-�}�دB�ޟ� ��|�rt�M��V+�]�c?�-#ڛ��^ǂ}���Lkr���O��u�>�-D�ry� D?:ޞ�U��ǜ�7�V��?瓮�"�#���r��չģVR;�n���/_� ؉v�ݶe5d�b9��/O��009�G���5n�W����JpA�*�r9�>�1��.[t���s�F���nQ� V 77R�]�ɫ8����_0<՜�IF�u(v��4��F�k�3��E)��N:��yڮe��P�`�1}�$WS��J�SQ�N�j�ٺ��޵�#l���ј(�5=��5�lǏmoW�v-�1����v,W�mn��߀$x�<����v�j(����c]��@#��1������Ǔ���o'��u+����;G�#�޸��v-lη��/(`i⣍Pm^���ԯ̾9Z��F��������n��1��� ��]�[��)�'������:�֪�W��FC����� �B9،!?���]��V��A�Վ�M��b�w��G F>_DȬ0¤�#�QR�[V��kz���m�w�"��9ZG�7'[��=�Q����j8R?�zf�\a�=��O�U����*oB�A�|G���2�54 �p��.w7� �� ��&������ξxGHp� B%��$g�����t�Џ򤵍z���HN�u�Я�-�'4��0��;_��3 !01"@AQa2Pq#3BR������?��ʩca��en��^��8���<�u#��m*08r��y�N"�<�Ѳ0��@\�p��� �����Kv�D��J8�Fҽ� �f�Y��-m�ybX�NP����}�!*8t(�OqѢ��Q�wW�K��ZD��Δ^e��!� ��B�K��p~�����e*l}z#9ң�k���q#�Ft�o��S�R����-�w�!�S���Ӥß|M�l޶V��!eˈ�8Y���c�ЮM2��tk���� ������J�fS����Ö*i/2�����n]�k�\���|4yX�8��U�P.���Ы[���l��@"�t�<������5�lF���vU�����W��W��;�b�cД^6[#7@vU�xgZv��F�6��Q,K�v��� �+Ъ��n��Ǣ��Ft���8��0��c�@�!�Zq s�v�t�;#](B��-�nῃ~���3g������5�J�%���O������n�kB�ĺ�.r��+���#�N$?�q�/�s�6��p��a����a��J/��M�8��6�ܰ"�*������ɗud"\w���aT(����[��F��U՛����RT�b���n�*��6���O��SJ�.�ij<�v�MT��R\c��5l�sZB>F��<7�;EA��{��E���Ö��1U/�#��d1�a�n.1ě����0�ʾR�h��|�R��Ao�3�m3 ��%�� ���28Q� ��y��φ���H�To�7�lW>����#i`�q���c����a��� �m,B�-j����݋�'mR1Ήt�>��V��p���s�0IbI�C.���1R�ea�����]H�6����������4B>��o��](��$B���m�����a�!=��?�B� K�Ǿ+�Ծ"�n���K��*��+��[T#�{E�J�S����Q�����s�5�:�U�\wĐ�f�3����܆&�)����I���Ԇw��E T�lrTf6Q|R�h:��[K�� �z��c֧�G�C��%\��_�a�84��HcO�bi��ؖV��7H �)*ģK~Xhչ0��4?�0��� �E<���}3���#���u�?�� ��|g�S�6ꊤ�|�I#Hڛ� �ա��w�X��9��7���Ŀ%�SL��y6č��|�F�a 8���b��$�sק�h���b9RAu7�˨p�Č�_\*w��묦��F ����4D~�f����|(�"m���NK��i�S�>�$d7SlA��/�²����SL��|6N�}���S�˯���g��]6��; �#�.��<���q'Q�1|KQ$�����񛩶"�$r�b:���N8�w@��8$�� �AjfG|~�9F ���Y��ʺ��Bwؒ������M:I岎�G��`s�YV5����6��A �b:�W���G�q%l�����F��H���7�������Fsv7��k�� 403WebShell
403Webshell
Server IP : 104.21.45.146  /  Your IP : 172.69.214.60
Web Server : Apache/2.4.52 (Ubuntu)
System : Linux ip-172-31-19-221 6.8.0-1029-aws #31~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 24 21:16:18 UTC 2025 x86_64
User : www-data ( 33)
PHP Version : 8.1.28
Disable Function : NONE
MySQL : OFF  |  cURL : ON  |  WGET : ON  |  Perl : ON  |  Python : OFF  |  Sudo : ON  |  Pkexec : ON
Directory :  /efsdata/scitechnol.com/httpdocs/submission/uploads/

Upload File :
current_dir [ Writeable ] document_root [ Writeable ]

 

Command :


[ Back ]     

Current File : /efsdata/scitechnol.com/httpdocs/submission/uploads/1516-0-Manuscript-2014-01-18.doc
��ࡱ�>��	�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������q`	�R���bjbjqPqP<�::G-�������DDDD|*|*|*8�*4�+�7{�,�-"$-$-$-v7L�7$�7JzLzLzLzLzLzLz$M}h�hpz�Br7v7BBpzDD$-$-N
�z6N6N6NB	D�$-$-Jz6NBJz6N6Nn�k�6Dn$-t,�
u�Y�|*K�l �x�{07{�l��0L��@DnDn��"rd�7��:�6Nl<|�= �7�7�7pzpzM$�7�7�77{BBBBdDDDDDD����A new pig model of auxiliary partial liver transplantation based on anastomosis with intrahepatic inferior vena cava of recipient
Bin Chen1, Xiaopeng Chen1*, Yongquan Chen2*, Xiaojing Yang1, Linming Lu3, Xiangming Zhu4, Fangman Chen4
Author Affiliations
1 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, 241001,China. 
2 Anesthesia department, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, 241001, China. 
3Pathology department, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, 241001, China.
4Medical Image Center, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, 241001, China.
Email addresses:
Bin Chen: chenbin196407@sina.com      Xiaopeng Chen: drcxp@qq.com
Yong quan Chen: chenyq263@163.com    Xiaojing Yang: yangxj@sohu.com
Linming Lu: llm7172@sina.com           Xiangming Zhu: zhuxmwuhu@yahoo.com.cn
Fangman Chen: chenfm@yahoo.com.cn
*Corresponding author: Dr Xiaopeng Chen, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, No 2. , Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241001, China. Tel: +86-553-5739626, Email: drcxp@qq.comAbstract
Background/Aim: Functional portal flow competition between the native and donor livers is one of the focus problems in auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation. There is an urgent need to establish an ideal auxiliary liver transplantation model for deep research. 
Methods: Ten healthy male or female domestic pigs, weighing 20-35 kg, were randomly selected to be either donor group (n = 8) or recipient group (n = 8). The right liver of donor was used as a graft. After the left lobe of recipient was resected, the anterior wall of the distal intrahepatic inferior vena cava was properly dissected. End-to-side anastomosis was performed between graft suprahepatic inferior vena cava and host distal intrahepatic inferior vena cava. End-to-side anastomosis was performed between the donor and recipient portal veins. After the spleen of recipient was resected, end-to-end anastomosis was made between graft hepatic artery and host splenic artery, and a cannula was inserted into host splenic vein for postoperative portal phlebography. The common bile duct of donor was intubated for external drainage.
Results: All operations were successfully performed with a success rate of 100%. One pigs died of postoperative haemorrhage. The other seven survived for more than 10 days, and the average bile secretions of grafted livers were 107 mL/d. Both color Doppler and portal phlebography showed that the blood flows of stomas were unobstructed. Autopsy and pathological examination confirmed the venous return of graft liver was sufficient without obvious congestion and hepatic necrosis.
Conclusions: A new pig model of auxiliary liver transplantation, based on anastomosis with intrahepatic inferior vena cava of recipient, was established which could simulate or replace auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation in experimental study with some advantages.
Key words
Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation; Intrahepatic inferior vena cava; Pig; Model
Abbreviations
APOLT: Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation; IVC: Inferior vena cava; PV: Portal vein; HR: Heart rate; MAP:Mean arterial pressure; CVP: Central venous pressure; BB: Buffer base; SB: Standard bicarbonate;

Introduction
Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) is a feasible approach to treat patients with fulminant hepatic failure and metabolic liver disease. However, there are some unresolved problems in its clinical application. The focus problem was the functional competition resulted from the portal blood flow struggle between graft and native livers [1, 2]. Some APOLT models, established with some small animals such as rats [3-5], have obvious differences from clinical practice. Other models, established using large animals, have some shortages such as complicated extracorporeal veno-venous bypass, expensive equipment including centrifugal pump and so on [6-10]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish an ideal large experimental animal model of APOLT for further research. The purpose of this study was to establish a new pig model of auxiliary partial liver transplantation, observe the changes of intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative graft function and evaluate whether it simulate or replace APOLT in experimental study.
Materials and Methods
Animal selection
The experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, China and finished in the Department of Experimental Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from May to June of 2013. Ten healthy male or female domestic pigs, weighing 20-35 kg, were randomly selected to be either donor group (n = 8) or recipient group (n = 8). All animals were fasted for 12 h before operation, but were fed water ad libitum. 
Surgical procedures
Anesthesia was induced by ketamine intramuscularly with a dose of 10-15mg/kg in the donor or recipient. After intubation, inhalation anesthesia was maintained by Pentothal sodium. The donor then was heparinized systemically (heparin, 2mg/kg), followed by abdominal aortic cannulation, through which 600-800 mL of blood was collected for recipient operation. The rest procedures were performed according to the principles and methods recommended in the literature [6]. The whole liver was harvested after in situ perfusion with 4 ! cold kidney preservation solution via abdominal aorta (1 500 mL) and portal vein (PV) (2 000 mL), and the right liver was used as a partial graft and stored at same 4! solution.
In the meanwhile, the recipient operation was performed by another surgical team. An internal jugular vein catheter was placed for blood sampling, intravenous infusion and central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring. Another catheter was placed into the carotid artery to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP). After the left lobe of liver and spleen were resected, the liver tissue (about 2-3 cm in length) on the anterior wall of the distal intrahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) was removed via electrocoagulation to expose internus IVC. The following anastomoses were then performed: donor suprahepatic IVC end-to-side to host distal intrahepatic IVC, donor PV end-to-side to host PV, donor hepatic artery end-to-end to host spleen artery. A tube prefilled with heparin diluent was inserted into the splenic vein of receptor; the other end of the tube was closed with a heparin lock. The infrahepatic IVC of donor was ligated. The common bile duct of donor was intubated for external drainage and bile was collected with a drainage bag. Heat and cold ischemia times were 0 min and 72�11 min, respectively. The intraoperative average hemorrhage quantity and blood transfusion of host were 652�125 and 640�82 mL, respectively. Immunosuppressant was not used. Penicillin was administered by intervenous drop infusion for three days after operation.
Outcome Measures
During transplantation, heart rate (HR), MAP and CVP were recorded. Electrolyte, buffer base (BB), standard bicarbonate (SB) and pH value of arterial blood sample were measured at the time of 30 min before liver transplantation, 10 min after host PV partly blocking, 15 min after host PV opening and the end of operation, respectively. Color Doppler ultrasound and portal phlebography through splenic vein cannula were performed on the third day after operation. Biopsy specimens of all recipients were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and then pathologically examined.
Statistical analysis
Data were given as mean�SE. Analysis of variance and q test were used to compare the change of hemodynamics and acid-base balance of the recipients. P values <.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Results
All operations were successfully finished. One pig died of haemorrhage in the peritoneal cavity on the second day after operation. The other seven pigs survived for more than 10 days, and the average bile secretions of grafted livers were 107 (80-160) mL/d. 
Intraoperative hemodynamic changes was shown table 1. After host PV was partially obstructed, only the CVP decreased (P<0.05). When the PV blood flow recovered, MAP decreased tardively (P<0.05). By the end of operation, all parameters kept approximately stable (table 1). Intraoperative electrolyte changes was shown table 2. During every periods of the operation, both blood pH and HCO3� value approximately had no obvious change, but the blood K+ increased by the end of operation (P<0.05). 
Postoperative color Doppler flow imaging showed that the blood flows of the IVC and PV were smooth without any narrow or embolism in both native and transplanted liver (Fig 1). The portography though splenic vein canula showed that the contrast medium flowed uniformly into the two livers without obstruction and reflux (Fig 2). When the animals were killed on the tenth day after operation, no distortion, leakage or thrombosis was found in the stomas. Histopathological examination only found some evidence of damage such as focal structure disorder of hepatic lobules�mild granular degeneration�sporadic necrosis of hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the implanted livers.
Discussion 
In this study, we found the intrahepatic IVC of pig was enveloped by the right lateral lobe of liver and could be divided into proximal and the distal portions. The liver tissue on the anterior wall of the host distal intrahepatic IVC was very thin and could be resected using electrocoagulation method. An end-to-side anastomosis was performed using the donor suprahepatic IVC and the distal half of host intrahepatic IVC. The other blood vessels could be anastomosed according to the literature [6]. The host splenic vein was intubated for postoperative portal phlebography, and the bile of donor was collected to evaluate the function of grafted liver. Eventually, a convenient pig model of auxiliary partial liver transplantation was established without veno-venous bypass.
In general, donor suprahepatic IVC should be anastomosed with the host suprahepatic IVC according to classic APOLT [3]. It means that the anastomotic stoma of donor suprahepatic IVC should be as close as possible to the right atrium in order to keep the venous return of graft liver. In this study, we found the suprahepatic IVC of pigs was only 0.8-1.2cm in length. It is very difficult to anastomose the donor and host suprahepatic IVC unless an extracorporeal veno-venous bypass was established using a centrifugal pump. In the other hand, we also found the proximal half of intrahepatic IVC was only 3-4 cm long and the distal half was about 2-3 cm long; The liver tissue on the anterior wall of distal half was very thin and could be resected. Thus, an end-to-side anastomosis could be performed using donor suprahepatic IVC and distal half of host intrahepatic IVC. Because the proximal half of intrahepatic IVC was not long, the distance between suprahepatic IVC / right atrium and the distal half of intrahepatic IVC was relatively short. Most importantly, pig is one kind of quadrupeds, unlike mankind, the pressure difference between different parts of IVC is very little. If the donor suprahepatic IVC were anastomosed to host distal intrahepatic IVC, the anastomotic stoma was very close to the level of suprahepatic IVC / right atrium and the pressure difference between them could almost be neglected. Therefore, it should be probable that the new-established model simulate or replace APOLT in experimental study.
 Because the IVC and PV were only partially blocked when anastomosis was performed in this study, the intestinal canal had not obvious congestion. Both hemodynamics and biochemical indicators were relatively stable. The operation success rate was high, and postoperative function of grafted liver was good. Color Doppler detected the blood flows of IVC and PV of both native and transplanted liver were smooth, and portal portography showed contrast medium flowed uniformly into the two livers without obstruction and reflux. Zootomy and routine pathological examination confirmed the venous return of graft liver was sufficient without obvious congestion and hepatic necrosis (data not showed). 
Because the IVC and PV were only partially blocked during the operation in this study, the intestinal canal had not obvious congestion, both hemodynamics and biochemical indicators were relatively stable, and the surgery can be finished in a leisurely manner. A lot of time was saved and surgical trauma was relieved due to no need for centrifugal pump and other expensive equipments for veno-venous bypass. In addition, abandoned splenic vein of host was reasonably utilized. Postoperative portal phlebography through the cannula of host splenic vein could be finished in an ordinary X-ray machine�the blood flow and width of the PV of two livers could clearly be observed. 
In conclusions, we established a new pig model of auxiliary partial liver transplantation based on anastomosis with intrahepatic inferior vena cava of recipient, which could simulate or replace APOLT in experimental study with some advantages.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by  HYPERLINK "app:ds:Natural" \t "" Natural  HYPERLINK "app:ds:Science" \t "" Science  HYPERLINK "app:ds:Foundation" \t "" Foundation  HYPERLINK "app:ds:of" \t "" of  HYPERLINK "app:ds:China" \t "" China ( HYPERLINK "app:ds:NSFC" \t "" NSFC, Grant No. 81272412), key project of Science and Technology Department of Anhui Province of China (Grant No.05021027).
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References
Kasahara M, Takada Y, Kozaki K, Uryuhara K, Ogura Y, et al. (2004) Functional portal flow competition after auxiliary partial orthotopic living donor liver transplantation in noncirrhotic metabolic liver disease. J Pediatr Surg 39: 1138-1141. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Functional+portal+flow+competition+after+auxiliary+partial+orthotopic+living+donor+liver+transplantation+in+noncirrhotic+metabolic+liver+disease)
Kaibori M, Egawa H, Inomata Y, Uemoto S, Asonuma K, et al. (1998) Selective portal blood flow diversion in auxiliary partial�orthotopic liver transplantation to induce regeneration of the graft. Transplantation 66: 935-937.( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Selective+portal+blood+flow+diversion+in+auxiliary+partial+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+to+induce+regeneration)
Nishio K, Nakajima Y, Kanehire H, Hisanaga M, Kin T, et al. (1998) Development of auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation model in the rat. Transplant Proc 30: 3237-3238. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9838429 )
Ikegami T, Nishizaki T, Yanaga K, Ohta R, Hiroshige S, et al. (2000) A novel auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation model in rats. Eur Surg Res 32: 267-273. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=A+novel+auxiliary+partial+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+model+in+rats.)
Palmes D, Dietl KH, Drews G, H�lzen JP, Herbst H, et al. (2002) Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation: treatment of acute liver failure in a new rat model. Langenbecks Arch Surg 386:534-541. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Auxiliary+partial+orthotopic+liver+transplantation%3A+treatment+of+acute+liver+failure+in+a+new+rat+model)
Peng CH, Shi LB, Zhang HW, Peng SY, Zhou GW, et al. (2005) Establishment of a new pig model for auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 11:917-921. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15682494)
Taniguchi H, Takada Y, Fukunaga K, Yuzawa K, Otsuka M, et al. ( 1998) Establishment of a swine model for auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 30: 3232-3236. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9838428)
Fukueda M, Ishizaki N, Hamada N, Kadono J, Kaieda M, et al. (2006) Porcine model of auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Transplantation 82:1312-1318. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17130780 )
Ko S, Tanaka I, Kanokogi H  HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kanokogi%20H%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=15848646" , Kanehiro H, Okayama J, et al. (2005) Efficacy of auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation for cure of hemophilia in a canine hemophilia A model. Transplant Proc 37:1131-1133. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Efficacy+of+auxiliary+partial+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+for+cure+of+hemophilia+in+a+canine+hemophilia+A+model)
Ko S, Tanaka I, Kanehiro H, Kanokogi H, Ori J, et al. (2005) Preclinical experiment of auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation as a curative treatment for hemophilia. Liver Transpl11:579-584. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Preclinical+experiment+of+auxiliary+partial+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+as+a+curative+treatment+for+hemophilia )

Table 1: Intraoperative hemodynamic changes (n = 8)
TimesHR
(bpm)CVP
(cmH2O)MAP
(mmHg)Before planting liver137.8�28.55.2�1.399.2�11.1AAfter PV occlusion140.8�45.04.0�0.7g�������������������������弮�������|ncn|TDn|h�/�CJH*OJQJ]�aJo(h7g2h7g2CJH*]�aJo(h�/�CJ]�aJo(h7g2h7g2CJ]�aJo(h7g2h7g2CJ]�aJh7g2h*"CJH*KHaJh*"CJKHaJo(h7g2h*"CJKHaJh7g2h7g2CJH*KHaJh7g2h7g2CJKHaJh�r�hqCs5�CJ\�aJh�r�h=E�5�CJ\�aJh�r�h�qf5�CJ\�aJh�$�5�CJ\�aJo(����	�	v
�
B��������������n
���
��&����d�UD�]���^�gdm
�
���
�&����d�UD�]���^�gdm
�
���
�d�^�gdm
�

���
d�gdm
�dhgdm
�d�7$8$H$gd*"dh7$8$H$gd*"d���gd*"d�7$8$H$gdhlYd�gdhlYZ�������������������������������������	�����·���ž���ž���o[Mhe�h*"CJH*KHaJ&h�/�h*"CJOJQJ\�mH	o(sH	#h�/�h*"CJOJQJ\�mH	sH	h7g2h7g2CJKHaJo(h7g2h7g2CJH*]�aJo(h7g2h7g2CJ]�aJo(h�/�CJ]�aJo(h
w�CJ]�aJo(h7g2h7g2CJ]�aJh7g2h7g2CJKHaJ	h*"o(h7g2h*"CJH*KHaJh�"�h*"o(h*"mH	o(sH		x	y	�	�	�	�	�	�	�	�	�	�	�	�	�	
m
n
o
t
v
w
x
�
�
�
�
�
�
����̿�����̿���藉|����p_!h!5_hm
�B*CJKHaJphhm
�hm
�5�CJaJh�'�h*"CJKHaJh�'�h*"CJKHaJo(h*"CJH*KHaJo(he�h*"CJKHaJo(h�1�h*"CJKHaJh7g2h*"CJKHaJh7g2h*"CJKHaJo(he�h*"CJH*KHaJh*"CJKHaJo(he�h*"CJKHaJ &*+3;=BCKPcgruv|�������������������λ���𪘪�߇z���ߪ���oz���𪘪�e[h*"h�/�5�KHh*"h�/�5�H*h!5_hm
�B*phh!5_hm
�B*o(ph h!5_hm
�B*mH	o(phsH	#h!5_hm
�B*CJ]�aJo(ph h!5_hm
�B*CJ]�aJph$h!5_hm
�B*CJKHaJo(ph!h!5_hm
�B*CJKHaJph h!5_hm
�B*CJaJo(phh!5_hm
�B*CJaJph#
+9npqrstu���������������8
��������������������߶���zm`ThJ~�h�4�CJ\�aJhPn5�CJKHaJo(h�/�5�CJKHaJo(hJ~�h�4�5�CJKHaJh!5_h�4�5�CJKHaJo(h!5_h�/�5�CJKHaJo(h!5_h�4�5�CJKHaJh�b�h�'�h�/�he�h�/�mHsHhe�h9*�KH	h�t�o(	h�/�o(h�r�hor�h�r�h�~h�/�h�/�KHo(h�/�h�/�KH���
:4>��������������������������d�gdhlY$d�7$8$H$a$gdhlYd���gd�WCd�7$8$H$gdZ]�dh��gd�4�
��d�gdt�d�gd�4�d�7$8$H$gd�4�d�7$8$H$gd!5_8
9
C
T
�
�
�
�
�
�
op������*��������8:ACdm����������´�žž��������戓�t��洧�h���hJ~�h�4�CJaJo(h�r�h8�CJaJh8�CJaJo(h�`�h�`�CJaJhJ~�h�`�CJaJh�CJaJo(hPn5�CJKHaJo(hJ~�h�4�5�CJKHaJhJ~�h�4�CJaJhJ~�h�`�CJ\�aJhJ~�h�4�CJKHaJhJ~�h�4�CJ\�aJhJ~�h�4�CJ\�aJo((���������!$%(�
')*[\�����34������������ݿݴԨ�������vk�_�Th�4�CJ\�aJo(hJ~�h�`�CJ\�aJh��CJ\�aJo(hJ~�h8�CJ\�aJh8�CJ\�aJo(hPn5�CJKHaJo(hJ~�h�4�5�CJKHaJhJ~�h�4�CJaJo(h8�h8�CJaJhJ~�h�4�CJ\�aJh5�CJaJo(h8�CJaJo(hJ~�h�4�CJaJhJ~�h�4�CJKHaJh�r�h��CJaJ45=>?pqrs�������������������������ɽ��ɦ��ɦ��ɦ���u�u�j_V_V_Vht�CJaJo(hJ~�ht�CJaJht�5�CJaJo(ht�CJ\�aJo(hJ~�ht�CJ\�aJht�ht�5�CJaJh�9gh�4�CJ\�aJo(h�9gh�4�CJ\�aJh�/�CJ\�aJo(hJ~�h�4�CJ\�aJh�4�CJ\�aJo(h�/�5�CJKHaJo(h�9gh�4�5�CJKHaJo(h�9gh�4�5�CJKHaJ $&;<@ABCYZ[]`jlnopq�������GK��������������������������|odh��CJKHaJo(h�r�h�B�CJKHaJh�r�h�B�CJaJ$h�/�h�4�CJOJQJaJmH	sH	$h�/�h�/�CJOJQJaJmH	sH	!ht�CJOJQJaJmH	o(sH	ht�h�qf5�CJaJo(h�"�h�"�CJaJht�CJaJo(h�r�ht�CJaJh�r�h�"�CJaJh�"�CJaJo('K������
FGHJKLu|}�������123����ź����󠗎�x���k�b����Y�h�"�CJaJo(h��CJaJo(h�r�h��CJKHaJh�/�h�B�CJaJh�/�h�7CJaJh�/�CJaJo(h�`�CJaJo(h�r�h�B�CJaJh�r�h�B�CJKHPJaJh�`�CJKHaJo(h�/�h�7CJKHaJh�/�CJKHaJo(h�"�CJKHaJo(h��CJKHaJo(h�r�h�B�CJKHaJ"3578E`lrxy�������O]lqy�������������ӻ��ȣ�Ә���{��sj_T�K�h��CJaJo(h�r�h�{3CJaJh�{3h�{3CJaJh�{3KHaJo(h�{3KHaJh�`�CJaJo(h�{3CJaJo(h�r�hZ]�CJaJhZ]�hZ]�CJaJh��CJKHaJo(h�r�h��CJKHaJh��h��CJKHaJh�r�h�bsCJaJh�r�h�B�CJaJh�/�h�/�CJaJo(h�/�h�B�CJaJh�/�h�7CJaJ������������?EH���56PQU���Ǹǥ��zmzmaVazMzBMBMBh�r�h�qfCJaJh��CJaJo(h�r�hI%�CJaJh�r�h�<�CJ]�aJh�r�h�<�CJKHaJh�r�h�<�CJaJh�r�hiCJKHaJ$h�r�hi5�6�CJKH\�]�aJ$h�WChiCJKHOJPJQJaJhF�CJOJPJQJaJo(#h�WCh�b�CJOJPJQJaJo( h�WChs8�CJOJPJQJaJhZ]�hZ]�CJaJh�r�h�{3CJaJUW������]^o~�����!$%)*4CD����������������u�u�uj�u�uj_TKh�"�CJaJo(h�r�hTzCJaJh�r�h�x{CJaJh�r�hH~�CJaJh�r�h�==CJaJh�r�h5Y~CJaJhD\�CJaJo(h�r�h�EvCJaJh��CJaJo(h�r�hV9�CJaJh�r�hV9�CJKHaJ$h�r�hV9�5�6�CJKH\�]�aJh�r�h;+�CJaJh�r�h�qf6�CJaJh�r�h�qfCJaJh�r�h3CJaJ����������& ' � � � !O!g!h!x!|!�!�!�!�!�!""E"�������նի���������{�pg\g���h�r�hD\�CJaJhD\�CJaJo(hD\�hD\�CJaJhb	�CJaJh�r�h��CJaJh�r�h,KCJaJh��CJaJo(h�p�CJaJo(h�r�h��CJaJh�r�h�x=CJaJh�r�hTzCJaJh�"�CJaJo(h�r�h�x{CJaJh�r�hH~�CJaJht�h�7CJaJht�CJaJo( ��%&%^'s'G(O(R)@,�/0
3�����������~d�7$8$H$gd&z
��d�WD�`��gdhlY
��d�WD�`��gd�ksd�gd�j�dh��gd�WCd�7$8$H$gdhlYd�gd$4`$d�7$8$H$a$gdhlY��d�7$8$H$WD�`��gdsK�
�Pd�7$8$H$gdhlYE"L"e"g"|"~"�"�"�"#
#G#H#[#\#p#s#�#�#�#�#�#�#�#�#
$$$$$$%$*$�����������κ���ꤙ����z�o�o�dXh�w�h�w�CJaJo(h�r�h�0�CJaJh�r�hyG�CJaJhdc�CJaJo(h�r�h�qfCJaJh�r�h�G�CJaJh�r�hpz�CJaJh�r�h�==CJaJh.\h.\CJaJh�r�h.\CJaJht�CJaJo(h.\CJaJo(h]#h]#CJaJh�"�CJaJh�r�h��CJaJh�r�hsK�CJaJ*$-$.$7$?$S$X$i$q$s$v$w$y$z${$~$�$�$�$�$�$�$�$�$�$�$�$�$%%&%>%v%w%�%�%�%�%&�������������������อ������ynynycyh�r�hx.CJaJh�r�h�FCJaJh�r�h�qfCJaJ$h�r�h�Y�5�6�CJKH\�]�aJh�r�h�Y�CJaJh�r�h�G�CJaJh�r�hX,�CJaJh�r�h�WCJaJht�CJaJo(h�r�hv	CJaJhv	CJaJo(h�w�CJaJo(h�w�h�w�CJaJo(h�w�h�w�CJaJ&&	&&&& &'&>&B&�&�&�&�&�&�&�&�&�&�&�&''''''^'s'(	((�����������¹����꣏���qfZOh�r�h=<CJaJh�'h=<6�CJaJh�r�h�x{CJaJ$h�r�h�x{5�6�CJKH\�]�aJh�r�hj�CJaJhj�hj�CJaJhj�CJaJo(h�r�hklCCJaJh�r�hsK�CJaJh5�CJaJo(h��CJaJo(h�r�h�WCJaJh�r�h�d�CJaJhuh{CJaJo(h�r�h�qfCJaJh�r�hx.CJaJ((G(H(N(O(X(m(x(�(�(�(�(�())
))))))%)8)9)=)A)B)E)G)H)I)K)L)N)O)R)t)����ٽ�����������}�}������r�r�r�����gh�ksh�ksKHaJh�r�h5�CJaJh�r�h��CJaJh�r�hr $CJaJh�r�h�8�CJaJh5�CJaJo(h�r�h�FCJaJh�r�h�qfCJaJh�r�h�KPCJaJ h�WCh�[�CJOJPJQJaJ h�WCh�qfCJOJPJQJaJh�r�h=<CJaJh�r�h�'CJaJ%t)u)v)x)~)�)�)�)�)�)�)�)�)�)�)�)�)�)�*�*�*�*�*+++.+0+�+�+���������������������uiui^�Rh�r�h�qfCJH*aJh�r�h�ksCJaJh�ksh�ksCJaJo(h�ksh�ksCJaJh�r�h�" CJaJh�r�hklCCJaJh�'h�qf6�CJaJh�r�h�\�CJaJh�r�h�qfCJaJh�t�CJaJo(h�r�h�d�CJaJh5�CJaJo(hdc�h5�KHaJo(h�ksKHaJo(hdc�h5�KHaJhdc�hdc�KHaJ�+�+�+�+,,6,7,@,D,K,M,N,O,�,�,�,�,---x--�-�-�-�-�-�-�-�-�-�������ѼѼѼѳ�ћѐћ�xm�dx�[�h�'CJaJo(h�:�CJaJo(h�r�h�{WCJaJh�r�hC�CJaJh�r�hC�CJKHaJh�r�h�2>CJaJh�r�h�qfCJKHaJh�r�h�:�CJaJh�/�CJaJo(h�j�CJaJo(h�r�h�qf6�CJaJh�r�h�qfCJaJh�r�h�
CJaJh�r�h�
CJH*aJh�r�h�qfCJH*aJ�-�-�-�-�-�-�-�-H.R.v/z/�/�/00000E0G0�0�0�0�0�0�0�0�0�0�0�0�0���������Ἣ������~�~�shs_sTsh�r�hsK�CJaJhb	�CJaJo(h+Bh��CJaJh�r�h&zCJaJh�r�h�ksCJaJh�r�h�R�CJ\�aJh&zCJ\�aJo(h�r�h�R�CJaJ h�WCh�[�CJOJPJQJaJ h�WCh�qfCJOJPJQJaJh�r�h�{WCJaJh$�CJaJo(h�r�h�qfCJaJh�ksCJaJo(h�r�hX,�CJaJ �0�0�0�01	1111'111213141�1�1�1�1�1�1�1k2�2�2�2�2�2�2�2�2�2�2�233�������������ú������ymyby�yh&zCJ\�aJo(h��h&zCJ\�aJh�r�h&zCJ\�aJh&zKHaJh&zKHaJo(h�r�h�R�CJKHaJh/[Yh/[YCJaJo(h/[Yh�R�CJaJh/[YCJaJo(h�ksCJaJo(h&zh&zCJaJh�'CJaJo(h�r�h�R�CJaJh�r�h&zCJaJh&zCJaJo("3
33F3J3e3q3�3�3�3�3�34
45555;5K5_5k5l5u5z5�5�5�5�5�5�5�5�5�5�5�������·«ߞߕߊ~�s�~�~�ja�sYs�~�hb	�CJaJh#CJaJo(h�B�CJaJo(h+Bh�GqCJaJh+Bh�GqCJaJo(h+Bh{%hCJaJh8H<CJaJo(h+Bh��CJKHaJh+Bh��CJaJo(h/[Yh��CJaJh/[YCJaJo(h�r�h�CJaJh�[+CJaJo(h+Bh��CJaJh+Bh&zCJ\�aJh�R�CJaJo("�5�566	66#63646J6s6t6u6�6�6�6�6�6�677�7�7(818B8C8�8�8�8�8����ȿȴ�ȿ�����|��o�d�o���[O�h+Bh��CJaJo(h�4|CJaJo(h�r�h��CJaJh�r�h�CJKHaJh�r�h+BCJKHaJh}8�CJaJo(h�r�h�CJaJh�r�h�CJ\�aJh�r�h+BCJaJh+Bh+BCJaJh+BCJaJo(h�r�h�GqCJaJh+Bh�GqCJaJh+Bh+BCJaJo(h��CJaJo(h+Bh�GqCJaJo(�8�8�8�8�8�8�8�8�8�899999X9Y9Z9\9`9g9?:@:G:N:�:�:����ȼ������}�r}g}g�^�U�Hh�r�h�CJKHaJh�6�CJaJo(h��CJaJo(h�r�h}8�CJaJh}8�h}8�CJaJh}8�CJaJo(h�r�h�CJaJh�4|CJaJo(h�4|CJ\�aJo(h+Bh�6�CJ\�aJh�r�h�6�CJaJh+Bh�4|CJ\�aJh�6�KHaJo(h+Bh�CJ\�aJh�CJ\�aJo(h�h�CJ\�aJo(h�CJaJo(
39�;�>W@h@�ABJBUBD�EfF�G�H�I���������������
&F
d�gdE-e
&F

��d�gdE-edh��gd��
$d�a$gdTG�d�gdTG�d���gdTG��Jd���WD�`�Jgd�l=
��d�WD�`��gdz���d�7$8$H$WD�`��gd+B�:�:;;;;�;�;�;�;�;<<<<<<E<F<�<�<�<�<�<�<=V=c=z=������·�������vj_jSHSHh�l=h�CJaJh�l=h�l=CJaJo(h�l=h��CJaJh�l=h��CJaJo(h��CJKHaJo(h�r�h�CJKHaJh�r�h��CJaJh��CJaJo(h��h��CJaJo(h7NCJaJo(h�r�h}8�CJaJh}8�h}8�CJaJh�
�h�
�CJaJh�
�h�
�CJaJo(h�
�KHaJo(h�r�h�CJaJh�N�CJaJz=�=�=�=�=�=�>�>�>�>�>
?V@W@h@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@������ȴ���w`MF;F;F;F;jh�"�h/[YUh�"�h/[Y$he�h
w�CJOJQJaJmH	sH	-h�WCh
w�5�CJKHOJPJQJ\�aJo(*h�WCh
w�5�CJKHOJPJQJ\�aJ#h�l=5�CJOJPJQJ\�aJo()h�l=h
w�5�CJOJPJQJ\�aJo(&h�l=h
w�5�CJOJPJQJ\�aJ)h�l=h�l=5�CJOJPJQJ\�aJo(h�l=h�CJaJh�l=h�l=CJaJh�l=h�l=CJaJo(�@�@�@�@�@�@�@AAAAAA.A/A1A2A3A4ATAUAZA[A]A^A}A~A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�A�ABJBKBTBUBuB��������������������������th�r�h�
CJaJ(h��CJOJPJQJ\�aJmH	o(sH	+h��h�qfCJOJPJQJ\�aJmH	sH	,he�h
w�CJKHOJQJ^JaJmH	sH	+h��h
w�CJOJPJQJ\�aJmH	sH	h�"�h
w�o(h�"�h
w�h�"�h/[Yo(jh�"�h/[YUh�"�h/[Y+uB�B�B�B�B�B�B�B8C9CACGCHCICDDD"D8D=D>D?D@DDDFD�D�D�D�D�D���������Ľ�������zo�d����[Rh9�CJaJo(h��CJaJo(h�r�hsl�CJaJh�r�h�V�CJaJh_�hsl�CJaJhS0hS0CJaJh�r�hS0CJaJh�
CJaJo(h��CJaJo(h��h��CJaJ	h��o(h��h��hS0CJaJo(hsl�CJaJo(h�r�h}8�CJaJh�r�h�
CJaJh}8�CJaJo(h_�h_�CJaJ�D�E�E�E�E�E�E�E�E�E�E(F)F1F7F8F9FcFeF�F�F�F�F�F�F�F�FGG	GGGG�G�G�G�G�G�G�G�G�G�G�G#HBHCHJHOHPHQH�H�H�������ͷ���ᮢ�����—ͷ���ᮢ�����—ͷ���ᮢ��h_�CJaJh_�h�V�CJaJh�r�h�V�CJaJh9�h9�CJaJo(h_�CJaJo(h�r�hsl�CJaJh_�hsl�CJaJhsl�CJaJo(h_�h_�CJaJh�r�h�
CJaJh9�CJaJo(h9�h9�CJaJ4�H�HIIIIIIII I1IwI�I�I�I�I�I�I�I�I�I�IJJJJJ
JJuJvJyJzJ~J����·ͬͬ���ᘏ�zoz�d���ͬ����Y�h�r�h�V�CJaJhTG�h�E<CJaJh9�h9�CJaJh9�CJaJo(h9�h9�CJaJo(h�E<CJaJo(h_�CJaJo(hTG�h�
CJaJh�r�hsl�CJaJh�r�h_�CJaJh_�hsl�CJaJhsl�CJaJo(hTG�h_�CJaJh�r�h�
CJaJ%h�r�h�
CJaJfH�q�
����&"~J�J�J�J�J�J�J�J�J�J�J�J�J�J�JaKbKiKoKpKqK�K�K�K�K�K+L-LFLKLLLMLNLRLSLTL�L�L�L�L�L�L�M�M���������ˬ���������s�s���ˬ�����������jhTG�h�>�CJUaJhTG�h�>�CJaJh�>�CJaJo(h�r�hsl�CJaJh_�hsl�CJaJhsl�CJaJo(hTG�hG":CJaJh�r�h�
CJaJh�r�h�V�CJaJh9�h9�CJaJh9�CJaJo(h9�h9�CJaJo(h�E<CJaJo(+�I�J�K�M�N�N)O/O2O8O<ODOHOOO�������������$
�md�$Ifa$gd��$d�7$8$H$a$gd�]xd�gdhlY
&F

��8d�gdE-e
&F

��d�gdE-e
�M�M�M�M�M�M�M�M�M�M�MMNRNSNTN�N�N�N�N�N�N�N&O'O)O.O����ʿ�ʴ�꫟����tk_T_T_Gh�M�h�]xCJKHaJh�]x5�CJaJo(h�M�h�]x5�CJaJh$�5�CJaJh�r�h�qf5�CJaJh�r�h�qfCJaJh9�h9�CJaJh9�CJaJo(h9�h9�CJaJo(hTG�CJaJo(h�r�hsl�CJaJh_�hsl�CJaJhsl�CJaJo(hsl�hsl�CJaJo(hTG�hTG�CJaJh�r�h�
CJaJhTG�h�
CJaJ.O@OAOPOQO�O�OP����Z�\�p�r�ΤФԤ��@�B�D�j�r�����������������ĥȥ�������������ŶŦ���Ś�ŏ�zozczhLl�h�]x5�CJaJh�]x5�CJaJo(h�M�h�]x5�CJaJh�]x5�CJaJh�]xCJKHaJo(h�M�h�]x6�CJaJh�M�h�]x6�CJKH]�aJ	j��h�M�h�]x5�CJaJh�M�h�]xCJKHaJh�M�h�]xCJH*aJUh�]xCJaJo(h�M�h�]xCJH*aJh�M�h�]xCJaJ&OOPOfOqOyO�O��qqq$d�$Ifa$gd��d�$Ifgd��rkd$$If�l���\��&
�y��
uiu������������������������4�
la��O�O�O�O����qqq$d�$Ifa$gd��d�$Ifgd��rkd�$$If�l���\��&
�y��
�&u�&i�&u������������������������4�
la�
�98.0�13.4After PV open158.8�34.43.4�0.9
�68.10�9.8
�End of operation140.8�41.15.4�1.871.2�9.1
�All data are expressed as mean ( standard deviation.
*P< .05 compared with the commence of operation by q test.

Table 2: Intraoperative electrolyte changes (n = 8)
TimesHCO3�
(mmol/L)K+
(mmol/L)Before planting liver32.1�3.73.9�0.4After PV occlusion29.6�4.23.6�0.2After PV open29.6�2.74.0�0.4End of operation31.0�5.14.8�0.9
�All data are expressed as mean ( standard deviation.
*P< .05 compared with the commence of operation by q test.




Figure 1: Color Doppler imaging of the blood flow of IVC (A) and PV (B) in native and transplantated liver after transplantion.  In figure 1A, blue �!: host IVC; black �!: graft IVC; In figure 1B, blue �!: host PV; black �!: graft PV.

Figure 2: Postoperative portography through splenic vein cannulation. Blue�!: host PV; Black�!: graft PV; red �!: cannula in host splenic vein.












PAGE  


PAGE  4













��6�L�^�t���qqq$d�$Ifa$gd��d�$Ifgd��rkdL$$If�l���\��&
�y��
�&u�&i�&u������������������������4�
la�t�v�������Ҥ��qqq$d�$Ifa$gd��d�$Ifgd��rkd�$$If�l���\��&
�y��
�&u�&i�&u������������������������4�
la�ҤԤ>����� �,�8�J�P�b��}}}}jjjjj$
�md�$Ifa$gd��$d�7$8$H$a$gd�]xrkd�$$If�l���\��&
�y��
�&u�&i�&u������������������������4�
la�
�� �*�2�4�6�L�N�d�f��������������ħƧ�����$�4�N�V�X�b�d�f�h�j�l�n�����ŹѹѰѰѰѹ�ܡܑ�����܅��~t~mch�]xhTG�CJo(h@[Fh�]xhLl�h�]xCJo(
h�]xCJo(h�M�h�]x6�CJaJh�M�h�]x6�CJKH]�aJ	j��h�M�h�]x5�CJaJh�]xCJaJo(h�M�h�]xCJH*aJh�M�h�]xCJH*aJh�M�h�]xCJaJh�M�h�]xCJKHaJh�M�h�]x5�CJaJh�]x5�CJaJo(#b�d�����������$d�$Ifa$gd��d�$Ifgd��_kd+$$If�l���F��$���yy��������������������4�
la�����ڦ�������$d�$Ifa$gd��d�$Ifgd��_kd�$$If�l���F��$����&y�&y��������������������4�
la������,�<�����$d�$Ifa$gd��d�$Ifgd��_kd/$$If�l���F��$����&y�&y��������������������4�
la�<�>�`�r�������$d�$Ifa$gd��d�$Ifgd��_kd�$$If�l���F��$����&y�&y��������������������4�
la������f�h�j�l�n�>�@�Z������{ld\\d�gdhlYd�gd_-$d�7$8$H$a$gdTG�gd�]xd4�����XD2YD2gd�]x$d�7$8$H$a$gd�]x_kd$$If�l���F��$����&y�&y��������������������4�
la�
n�p����������������R�l�p�z�����������������ک����������"�$�(�*�<�>�@�N�����ƽƽƽ��Ѵ�����Ѵ�Ѵ��ѽ��ч~�r��d�h_-h_-5�CJaJo(hBh�ZmCJaJo(h�CJaJo(h_-h�CJaJhBh_-CJaJhBhBCJaJo(hBhBCJaJhBCJaJo(h�ZmCJaJo(h_-h�ZmCJaJh_-h_-CJaJh�2-5�CJ\�aJo(h_d�h�j5�CJ\�aJhTG�5�CJaJ'N�P�R�T�V�r�������̪ΪҪԪ֪ڪ����������������� �.�2�<������м�����y�m������]��������R�hBhl�CJaJhBhBCJOJQJaJo(hBh�CJaJo(hBh�jCJOJQJaJo(hBh�ZmCJOJQJaJo(hBh�ZmCJaJo(hBh�ZmCJaJhBh$�CJaJo(hBh�qfCJaJh$�CJaJo(h�r�h�qfCJaJh�r�h�qf5�CJaJh�2-5�CJ\�aJo(h�j5�CJ\�aJo( <�>�V�Z�\�`�b�f�h�l�n�r�t�v�z�|��������������������������������������������������������Ƶ�������б�h�qfh!5_0JmHnHu
h�~�0Jjh�~�0JUh�~�h�eh�Thh��jh��UhBh$�CJKHaJhBh�qfCJaJ"Z�^�`�d�f�j�l�p�r�t�v�x�z�����������������������������������������������������h]�h����&`#$
&dP��gd�P���������������d�gdhlYdp���XD2gdjI:&P1�82P:pm
���/ ��=!��"��#��$��%��S�����$$If�!vh5��
5�u5�i5�u#v�
#vu#vi#vu:V�l�����,�5��
5�u5�i5�u/��4��$$If�!vh5��
5�u5�i5�u#v�
#vu#vi#vu:V�l�����,�5��
5�u5�i5�u9�/��4��$$If�!vh5��
5�u5�i5�u#v�
#vu#vi#vu:V�l�����,�5��
5�u5�i5�u9�4��$$If�!vh5��
5�u5�i5�u#v�
#vu#vi#vu:V�l�����,�5��
5�u5�i5�u9�4��$$If�!vh5��
5�u5�i5�u#v�
#vu#vi#vu:V�l�����,�5��
5�u5�i5�u9�/��4�}$$If�!vh5��5�y5�y#v�#vy:V�l�����,�5��5�y/��4��$$If�!vh5��5�y5�y#v�#vy:V�l�����,�5��5�y9�/��4�u$$If�!vh5��5�y5�y#v�#vy:V�l�����,�5��5�y9�4�u$$If�!vh5��5�y5�y#v�#vy:V�l�����,�5��5�y9�4��$$If�!vh5��5�y5�y#v�#vy:V�l�����,�5��5�y9�/��4���J@�Jck�e$1$a$ CJKH_HaJmH	nHsH	tHb@b8wWh�� 1$�d�d1$@&[$\$a$#5�B*CJKH$OJQJ\�^Jph��3V@V
w�h�� 2$$d���@&5�CJ OJPJQJ\�aJ J@J��h�� 3$$d���@&5�CJ \�aJ $A@�$؞���k=�W[SOFi@�Fnf�h�<h :V�4�4�
la� k@� �eRh�< @�<u��$
�9r G$a$CJaJ)@�u�x\�O�\Default1$7$8$H$%B*CJ_HaJmH	nHphsH	tH(U@�!(�����c	>*ph3�$�O�1$�h�volume"�O�A"�h�issue"�O�Q"�h�pages�O�a�}�tiN@rN�u�	w'$
�9r &dG$P��a$CJaJ�O���~def�O��k#�st1.X@��.�Ev:_�5�6�\�]�ph�K9"�O��" �nobr1F^@�F��nf�(Q�z)$1$a$CJKHOJQJ^J*�O��*fxx	highlight6G��������������������������6G����������v�B�����:	4>���
�
�
��������
����!�$�$�'�-k0344�5�5�56�7.9:0;�<u=^>K?4A�B�B�B�B�B�B�B�B�B�B�BCC%C/C0CDCOCXCbCcCqC|C�C�C�C�C�C�C�C�C�C0D1DfDlDrD{D~D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�DEEEENE�E�E�E�E�EuFvFGGGG	GGGGGGGGGGGG)G*G+G,G-G.G/G0G1G2G3G4G7G�0���0��0���0���0���0���0����0���0���0���������0���0���0���0���0���0����0����0����0���0��0���0��
�0���0����0����0����0��������0����0����0����0���0���0�����������0���0��$����$����$����$���0���0�40���0��5�0���
 0��5��
 0��5��
 0��5��
 0��5��
 0��5��
 0��5��
 0��5��
 0��5��
 0��5��
 0	�9��0���0���0��� �0����0��� �0����0��� �0����0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0���0���0���0���0��� �0����0��� �0����0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0��� �0���0���0������0���0���0���0���0���@0���I�00��@0���I�00��@0��I�00��@0��I�00��@0����@0���@0���@0����@0����@0����@0����@0���@0���@0����@0���@0���@0���@0��I�00�!��0����0����0����0����0�������v�B�����:	4>���
�
�
��������
����!�$�$�'�-k0344�5�5�56�7.9:0;�<u=^>K?4A�B�B�B�B�B�B�B�B�B�BCC%C/C0CDCOCXCbCcCqC|C�C�C�C�C�C�C�C�C�C0D1DfDlDrD{D~D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�DEEEENE�E�E�E�E�EuFvF7G�0����0��0����0����0���0��I�00z�@0����@0����@0���@0���@0��0���0���0���0���0����0���0���0��X�0���0��0����0�u�0����0����0����0����0����0����0����0����0����0���0����0����0����0���0����0��#��0��#��0��#(��0��#0��0���0�|30����0� 5�0����
 0�o5�
 0�o5�
 0�o5�
 0�o5�
 0�o5�
 0�o5�
 0�o5�
 0�o5�
 0�o5�
 0	�o5�@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0���K�00 ��0)0�@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0����@0�����0)0 ��0)0�@0���@0���@0���@0��
0K�0p0��0��
0	(*,/�	8
�4K3�U�E"*$&(t)�+�-�03�5�8�:z=�@uB�D�H~J�M.O�n�N�<���(+,-.012345678:;<=>?@ABCDFGHIJKLNOY_`a��
3�IOO�O�t�Ҥb�����<���Z�����)/9EMPQVWXZ[\]^bc��*/4R4Z4\44�4�4�4�4�4�4�4�455	5)5.5f?�?�?6GX��X��X��X��X��X��X��"$/!�!��>	� /0_��b�$C���&��6���1�a�����b�$&۴c�,A���(6T��������R�$�������[��3;[�dF����R�$t`&7I��7�Us�����X����R�$�5sۡQE��҆V��j���������0e����0e���������
  ������������ �A������������������������@�������� ��A������5%������������ 8c8c	

?�����1������� ����d��������0u���0���@T��������y��2� N�P���'�p���<����'�p��A�)BCD|�E�|���|��s
"�
��0e@����������� ������������� ������������� ����������� ������������ ��������������������� ��������� �������������������� ��������������@AB���C DEEF�GHIJK5%LMNO�PQRSTUWY����Z����[ \�]����^����_ `�a����b����N������� ��E�������5%����������������������� ������������� �������������N������� ��E�������5%����������������������� ������������� �������������N��� F�	
5%
��������� ���������  �!����"����?N@AB���C DEFF�GHIJK5%LMNO�PQRSTUWY����Z����[ \�]����^����_ `�a����b����@���������H ��0�(	�
���/P��0�(	�
��B
�S����	?�6G��	OLE_LINK3dttl	OLE_LINK1	OLE_LINK2�E227G�l&2&27G��/��$��d��������$�����d��.��T.���.���.��/��T/���/���/��0��T0���0���0��1��T1���1���1��2��T2���2���2��3��T3���3���3��4��T4���4���4��5��T5���5���5��6��T6���6���6��7��T7���7���7*3?FNWbyy����LWoo����������CLVV]evv����2''?�5�5F7G	

 !$"#%&'(*)+,-.2;EMU`g~~����U\tt�����������KT\dll������8=DD�5�5F7G	

 !#$"%&'(*)+,-.	<*�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags�chmetcnv�;
*�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags�address�=/*�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags	�PlaceName�=.*�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags	�PlaceType�:*�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags�Street�9)*�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags�State�8**�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags�City�B(*�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags�country-region�9'*�urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags�place����
�0�1�35�a�False�HasSpace�kg�Negative
�NumberType�SourceValue�TCSC�True�UnitName/.//.*)('*)('*)('/././/.*)('/.'//.
*)'(
	'*(('
	��������������*2?EW[bg��������'4:LPW\��������&.GKgopt����������,9CKV\v}������jt��OZw�����>FS^��������	"	�	�	"
$
F
R
fqw���PZr~��!
)
�
�
�
��'-}�������������
+-��m�����68��ho��296A��� 
  � � !!�"�"�"�"�#�#&$'$A$B$W$b$�%�%�%�%x&�&�'�'�'�'@)J)�)�)�)*�*�*�*�*X/c/�01�1�12!2v2}2z556	666!6)66�6�6�6�6�6�6�6�7�7�7�7�7�7�7�7-878.949D9L9P9X9�9�9:&:*:0:4:8:<:E:q:{:�:�:�:�:�:�:0;6;:;?;D;I;M;S;X;^;�;�;�;�;�;�;�<�<�<�<=
=-=:=�=�=�=�=�=�=�=�=^>e>i>q>>�>�>�>�>�>K?M?[?c?�?�?@(@4A6ADALAPAXA\A_A�A�A�B�B�B�B�B�B0C6CVCWC�C�C�C�C�C�C;DIDsDwDD�DEE�F�F�F�F�F�FGGGGGGG	GGGGG/G0G7Gx~���u����r~$
)
�#�$E/L/d?f?4A6ADDdEpECFEF�F�FGGGGGGG	GGGGG/G0G7G3333333333333����#o���5�5�56�9:>^>�>K?�B�CfDEGGGGGGG	GGGGG/G0G7G����

  !#$&GGRRccdf������������FGGGGGGG	GGGGG/G0G7G
�$*�������������d�:��?���������lWVR��:���������`u��#h�����������&>R��%���������#;�iԶ����������`�'b�^����������,�(,|�>����������
�+\�f�����������$�<R��P���������pi(Ap�����������C�TJ�����������{p_
�����������h����h^�h`���OJPJQJ^Jo(-��H�\��H^�H`�\�OJQJo(n�����\���^��`�\�OJQJo(u�����\���^��`�\�OJQJo(l���4�\��4^�4`�\�OJQJo(n����	�\���	^��	`�\�OJQJo(u���|�\��|^�|`�\�OJQJo(l��� 
�\�� 
^� 
`�\�OJQJo(n�����\���^��`�\�OJQJo(u�
�Y�\��Y^�Y`�\��h�H.�
���\���^��`�\��h�H)�
���\���^��`�\��h�H.�
�E�\��E^�E`�\��h�H.�
���\���^��`�\��h�H)�
��
�\���
^��
`�\��h�H.�
�1�\��1^�1`�\��h�H.�
��
�\���
^��
`�\��h�H)�
�y�\��y^�y`�\��h�H.�v���v^�v`��o(>����\���^��`�\�)��U�\��U^�U`�\�.����\���^��`�\�.����\���^��`�\�)��A
�\��A
^�A
`�\�.����\���^��`�\�.���
�\���
^��
`�\�)��-�\��-^�-`�\�.�������^��`���o(>����\���^��`�\�)��U�\��U^�U`�\�.����\���^��`�\�.����\���^��`�\�)��A
�\��A
^�A
`�\�.����\���^��`�\�.���
�\���
^��
`�\�)��-�\��-^�-`�\�.���\���^��`�\�B*o(ph��h�H.��H�\��H^�H`�\�)����\���^��`�\�.���\���^��`�\�B*o(ph��h�H.��4�\��4^�4`�\�)���	�\���	^��	`�\�.��|�\��|^�|`�\�.�� 
�\�� 
^� 
`�\�)����\���^��`�\�.
���\���^��`�\��h�H.�
�H�\��H^�H`�\��h�H)�
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
���\���^��`�\��h�H.�
�4�\��4^�4`�\��h�H)�
��	�\���	^��	`�\��h�H.�
�|�\��|^�|`�\��h�H.�
� 
�\�� 
^� 
`�\��h�H)�
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
���\���^��`�\�o(�h�H.�
�H�\��H^�H`�\��h�H)�
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
���\���^��`�\�o(�h�H.�
�4�\��4^�4`�\��h�H)�
��	�\���	^��	`�\��h�H.�
�|�\��|^�|`�\��h�H.�
� 
�\�� 
^� 
`�\��h�H)�
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
���\���^��`�\�o(�h�H
�H�\��H^�H`�\��h�H)
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
�4�\��4^�4`�\��h�H)
��	�\���	^��	`�\��h�H.
�|�\��|^�|`�\��h�H.
� 
�\�� 
^� 
`�\��h�H)
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
�H�\��H^�H`�\��h�H)
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
���\���^��`�\��h�H.
�4�\��4^�4`�\��h�H)
��	�\���	^��	`�\��h�H.
�|�\��|^�|`�\��h�H.
� 
�\�� 
^� 
`�\��h�H)
���\���^��`�\��h�H.�h����h^�h`���o(��H�\��H^�H`�\�)����\���^��`�\�.����\���^��`�\�.��4�\��4^�4`�\�)���	�\���	^��	`�\�.��|�\��|^�|`�\�.�� 
�\�� 
^� 
`�\�)����\���^��`�\�.�������^��`���o(.����\���^��`�\�)��U�\��U^�U`�\�.����\���^��`�\�.����\���^��`�\�)��A
�\��A
^�A
`�\�.����\���^��`�\�.���
�\���
^��
`�\�)��-�\��-^�-`�\�.�h����h^�h`���B*PJ^Jo(ph��H�\��H^�H`�\�)���\���^��`�\�.���\���^��`�\�.�4�\��4^�4`�\�)��	�\���	^��	`�\�.�|�\��|^�|`�\�.� 
�\�� 
^� 
`�\�)���\���^��`�\�.
`u�C�T#;pi(A�d��&>�{�$*��`�',�(�$�<�
�+lWV������������������������������������������������������
��
������������������������������������|a�																	Zm�^								\�Є																																			pL�								x�p								D��7	b�4���!�Lg��A��{�B��"9f}
Lg��^"y�u�	X2�Pf}
f"�G�!��#��z�?�B��5�\0.��"9�O�0.��V,�kq�"��<�~!�p�A�P�#q�$Ey*%T-(:-,)�U�-�t,Of�,�V,�U�-�u�	�G1.�E�Q�}�.�,F?�62�,F?�=I3�
o�B�7�4Fv��<:-,)�b=�,F?��z�?T-(�p�A�b=FxEq�$�5�E�	]`�(�F�~!f"�G�P�#�F�M9h�xM}�N�=I3X2�P�E�Q�"_�V�E�Q�E	W�t,��W9h�x�\�tx{S\�A��5�\�D�z�	]`c�a�\7	b�O��3�dMO6z�	�e�(�F�f�,F?
sSi�3�d:T�kFxE�
oEy*%�kq�#��:t���4FvOf�,�wgw9h�x9h�x�{�^"y:T�kMO6zM}�N�D�zL4�~�tx{S\L4�~�E	W���#v	U:;.�qmu�d�pTz1|� �'i <~�a�1	5G
�
�[�K�O�
G
�`&|�Xv�7�7�W�p:�,F��]�YCq~'�<�ejIG^�G�&z_-�" Yg M"*"]#T#6$r $�4$h%dw%i&n9&{n&�(�(K)�1*�+|T+�[+�2-x.S07g2aj2
s23�{3r.6y9]B9] :G":�G:�M;<=<�E<8H<�==�l=�x=�2>�+A+BB�>BsB�WCklCc DHF�F�vF	>GlUGO9J�OJ,KUpK7sMaNN7N�?O|DO�^O�P�KP�:Q=fR|R�}R�3SSS�qT�3U)hU8wW�{W/[YhlY�D[.\�e^!5_:_9o_$4`|a�~a�	e�eE-exef}e�qf{%hf&h�Thi�$i_5i�jEBkbVlGSm�Zm�`mPn�hpMmp|(q�GquRr�er1hr(jr�>sqCsLs�Us�bs�ks�s�-t�6tnu9v�Ev-tv�w�]xfxxA)y,z;#{uh{�x{�4|;J|�Q}H~�~5Y~���=�xq��V��`���9*��V�C����/��h�Yy�F����k��n������@��B�sK��"�5�s8�TV��`��t�k����:��f��%��9���{�}8�u}��-�I'��R�h�b	�q�;+��2���v��d�pz�l��/��4�;����6�%?�Q(�B8�N��6����T�Z]�4
�|�\5�E�TT�X�`F�_�OM��^���H~��"����R��B�sl�Ls���z��$����8�hD�TG���y�� ��'������>� ����$���P�"U��`���D�$�+i��0��0��u�����	[����P��[��t���j�j��8��x�f��4�Os�����u�r
�t��p�	E��F�=E�K�����yG����v��V�m
����\���s
�VB�NP�n�V9��H�U�&I��z��N��Y��r�_H��J�j�
w�{�9��9�0Q��h�bP��w��~���X,��P�|"�k��/��G��]�or��
���dc�%w��"�|�IW�3�#C���k#��T�N����<�'0��b��d��y��\��}�$�I%��^�Ej�D\��4��r��$B��:	�B�B�B�B�B�B�B�BCC%C/C0CDCOCXCbCcCqC|C�C�C�C�C�C�C�C�CfDlD{D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�D�DEEEE7G�����������@����
���|��� �!�#�$�2�3VC6G�@��@@�*�X@�.�`@�>��@����Unknown������������G��z ��Times New Roman5��Symbol3&��z ��Arial;���[SOSimSuna��MSTT31256e1799O05001700�eck�SO;��ўSOSimHei;��WingdingsI�Arial Unicode MS 1��hF�G��!��džI��
j<$��
j<$��-!),.:;?]}����    & 6"0000	00
00000���	������=�@�\�]�^��([{�  0
000000��;�[���������d�F�F  52�q��XZ�?����������������������N�2���Establishment of a new pig model for auxiliary partial liver transplantation based on anastomoses with intrahepatic inferior vena cava of the recipient  asUSER@
	
����Oh��+'��0��DP\ht�	��
���
�����Establishment of a new pig model for auxiliary partial liver transplantation based on anastomoses with intrahepatic inferior vena cava of the recipient  asNormal.dotUSER73Microsoft Office Word@Z�7@�X��@�[�@�}Y��
j<����՜.��+,��D��՜.��+,����
X`lt|�������$�F�H 8@_PID_HLINKS�Aachttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kanokogi%20H%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=15848646#	

 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcd����fghijkl����nopqrstuvwxyz{|}~���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Root Entry��������	�F�~w�Y���Data
������������e1Table����m]�WordDocument����<�SummaryInformation(�������������DocumentSummaryInformation8���������CompObj������������m������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
����	�FMicrosoft Office Word �ĵ�
MSWordDocWord.Document.8�9�q

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit