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	Introduction
Ependymomas have been described as the most common primary spinal cord tumor, most frequently located near the conus medullaris  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>[ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_1" \o "Bonfield, 2011 #1778" 1]. These tumors are almost intramedullary in location, with only rare case reports of extramedullary tumors. Furthermore, the vast majority of extramedullary ependymomas in the cauda equina are classified as myxopapillary (World Health Organization [WHO] grade 1). To our knowledge, only 18 cases of extramedullary ependymomas have been reported previously in the literature  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_1" \o "Bonfield, 2011 #1778" 1, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_2" \o "Kinsman, 2011 #1790" 2, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_3" \o "Tripathy, 2011 #1781" 3, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_4" \o "Moser, 1992 #1779" 4]. Furthermore, only three cases of non-myxopapillary ependymomas (WHO grade 2), including our case, have been reported  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_1" \o "Bonfield, 2011 #1778" 1, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_5" \o "Moon, 2010 #1780" 5]. 

Case report
A 41-year-old male patient with a 1-year history of low back pain and numbness in the right leg was referred to our hospital after a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed an intradural and extramedullary tumor at the L1 level. Neurological examinations revealed a slight sensory deficit in the right leg, and hypoexcitability of the patellar tendon reflex on the right side. Neither bladder nor bowel dysfunction was observed. On MRI, the well-demarcated tumor showed iso-intensity on the T1-weighted images (WI), iso- and hyperintense on the T2WI, and poor enhancement on the Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1WI (fig.1a-c). The Gd-DTPA-enhanced horizontal images also showed that the tumor almost completely occupied the spinal canal (fig.1c). There was no intramedullary signal change at the conus medullaris. The differential diagnosis was schwannoma, meningioma, epidermoid, paraganglioma, or myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina.
A Th12�L2 laminectomy was performed through the spinous process using a muscle-splitting approach. A longitudinal opening of the dura revealed that the arachnoid was markedly adherent to the tumor (fig.2a). The arachnoid was opened and tented with the dura, and the tumor was peeled off in a rostral to caudal direction, under intraoperative spinal monitoring using motor evoked potentials. Although there was adhesion between the ventral side of the tumor and the cauda equina nerves it was not difficult to peel them from the tumor except one nerve, which was sacrificed to remove the tumor en bloc without a damage of the tumor capsule. There was no correlation between the tumor and the terminal film, which was identified as a dark red strung (fig.2b).  The dura and arachnoid were then closed by continuous suture. The tumor was pale red-colored and had an irregular nodular surface with elastic-hard and encapsulated features (Fig. 2c).
	Hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) staining revealed that the tumor cells exhibited enlarged rounded nuclei and elongated eosinophilic projections. The tumor did not show any features associated with myxopapillary ependymomas, i.e., marked mucinous stroma or a papillary architecture. Cells were arranged in perivascular pseudorosettes and were positively stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The tumor was diagnosed as a non-myxopapillary ependymoma with a MIB-1 proliferation index of 5%, which is higher than that of cellular or myxopapillary ependymomas (Fig. 3a�c). 
Immediately after the surgery, the low back pain and numbness of the right leg disappeared and the patient returned to normal daily life. To date, two years after surgery, there is no evidence of tumor recurrence (Fig. 4a, b). Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.

Discussion
Ependymomas have been described as the most common primary spinal cord tumor, most frequently located near the conus medullaris  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_6" \o "Di Marco, 1988 #1782" 6, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_7" \o "Guidetti, 1981 #1783" 7]. These tumors are almost intramedullary in location, with only rare case reports of extramedullary tumors. Furthermore, the vast majority of cauda equina extramedullary ependymomas are classified as myxopapillary (WHO grade 1)  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_8" \o "Marks, 1982 #1784" 8, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_9" \o "Sonneland, 1985 #1785" 9, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_10" \o "Duffau, 2000 #1788" 10, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_11" \o "Wolfla, 1997 #1789" 11]. Only 17 cases have been reported previously in the literature as extramedullary ependymomas  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_1" \o "Bonfield, 2011 #1778" 1, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_2" \o "Kinsman, 2011 #1790" 2, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_3" \o "Tripathy, 2011 #1781" 3, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_4" \o "Moser, 1992 #1779" 4] and, among these, only three cases (including our case) were non-myxopapillary (WHO grade 2) ependymomas (Table1) ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_1" \o "Bonfield, 2011 #1778" 1, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_5" \o "Moon, 2010 #1780" 5], In this case, the tumor was peeled easily from the terminal filium and the cauda equina nerves except one, which could be an origin of this tumor. Occasional cases of ectopic ependymoma outside of the spine have been reported, developing in the subcutaneous tissue over the sacrococcygeal region, the mesovarium, and the ovary  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_4" \o "Moser, 1992 #1779" 4, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_10" \o "Duffau, 2000 #1788" 10]. Although the origin of intradural and extramedullary ependymomas still remains uncertain, previous studies suggest that they result from ependymal cell rests or straying of ependymal cells in the embryonic or migration of ependymal cells ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_1" \o "Bonfield, 2011 #1778" 1, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_3" \o "Tripathy, 2011 #1781" 3, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_12" \o "Pulitzer, 1988 #1786" 12]. 
As extramedullary non-myxopapillary ependymomas are extremely rare, there is no consensus regarding adjuvant therapy. However, malignant transformation of this tumor can occur, leading to cerebrospinal fluid dissemination  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_2" \o "Kinsman, 2011 #1790" 2, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_13" \o "Cerase, 2006 #1791" 13, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_14" \o "Graca, 2006 #1792" 14, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_15" \o "Robles, 2005 #1793" 15, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_16" \o "Schuurmans, 2006 #1794" 16], and recurrence  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_14" \o "Graca, 2006 #1792" 14, HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_15" \o "Robles, 2005 #1793" 15] despite often being described as a benign lesion. Furthermore, since the vast majority of extramedullary ependymomas are myxopapillary, an en bloc resection without breaking the capsule should be performed to avoid recurrence  ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [ HYPERLINK \l "_ENREF_17" \o "Nakamura, 2009 #1787" 17]. For these reasons, gross total resection of extramedullary tumors located near the conus medullaris should be considered. In our case, fortunately, a gross total resection was achieved and adjuvant fractionated radiotherapy was not thought to be indicated. A long-term follow-up will be performed because of the higher MIB-1 index observed.


References
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2. Kinsman MJ, Callahan JD, Hattab EM, Cohen-Gadol AA. Extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2011; 113: 661-664.
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4. Moser FG, Tuvia J, LaSalla P, Llana J. Ependymoma of the spinal nerve root: case report. Neurosurgery 1992;31: 962-964; discussion 964.
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A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Goodman-Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>661-4</pages><volume>113</volume><number>8</number><edition>2011/03/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1872-6968 (Electronic)&#xD;0303-8467 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21435777</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435777</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.02.021</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Tripathy</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1781</RecNum><record><rec-number>1781</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1781</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tripathy, P.</author><author>Mohapatra, D.</author><author>Mohapatra, S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Neurosurgery Department, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Odisha, India. pradipta_tripathy@yahoo.com</auth-address><titles><title>Primary intradural extramedullary ependymoma: report of two cases and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurol Neurochir Pol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>397-401</pages><volume>45</volume><number>4</number><edition>2011/11/22</edition><keywords><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Lumbar Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/etiology/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jul-Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0028-3843 (Print)&#xD;0028-3843 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22102002</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102002</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moser</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>1779</RecNum><record><rec-number>1779</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1779</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moser, F. G.</author><author>Tuvia, J.</author><author>LaSalla, P.</author><author>Llana, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York.</auth-address><titles><title>Ependymoma of the spinal nerve root: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>962-4; discussion 964</pages><volume>31</volume><number>5</number><edition>1992/11/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Myelography</keyword><keyword>Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Spinal Nerve Roots/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0148-396X (Print)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>1436426</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1436426</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>>D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kinsman</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1790</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,2,3,4]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1790</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1790</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kinsman, M. J.</author><author>Callahan, J. D.</author><author>Hattab, E. M.</author><author>Cohen-Gadol, A. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Goodman-Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>661-4</pages><volume>113</volume><number>8</number><edition>2011/03/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1872-6968 (Electronic)&#xD;0303-8467 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21435777</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435777</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.02.021</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Tripathy</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1781</RecNum><record><rec-number>1781</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1781</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tripathy, P.</author><author>Mohapatra, D.</author><author>Mohapatra, S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Neurosurgery Department, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Odisha, India. pradipta_tripathy@yahoo.com</auth-address><titles><title>Primary intradural extramedullary ependymoma: report of two cases and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurol Neurochir Pol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>397-401</pages><volume>45</volume><number>4</number><edition>2011/11/22</edition><keywords><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Lumbar Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/etiology/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jul-Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0028-3843 (Print)&#xD;0028-3843 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22102002</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102002</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moser</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>1779</RecNum><record><rec-number>1779</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1779</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moser, F. G.</author><author>Tuvia, J.</author><author>LaSalla, P.</author><author>Llana, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York.</auth-address><titles><title>Ependymoma of the spinal nerve root: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>962-4; discussion 964</pages><volume>31</volume><number>5</number><edition>1992/11/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Myelography</keyword><keyword>Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Spinal Nerve Roots/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0148-396X (Print)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>1436426</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1436426</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>FD<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,5]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moon</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>1780</RecNum><record><rec-number>1780</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1780</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moon, K.</author><author>Filis, A. K.</author><author>Cohen, A. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow Babies and Children&apos;s Hospital, The Neurological Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Mobile spinal ependymoma</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg Pediatr</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Pediatr</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Pediatr</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>85-8</pages><volume>5</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/01/02</edition><keywords><keyword>Cauda Equina/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Microsurgery</keyword><keyword>Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Sacrum/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Valsalva Maneuver/*physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1933-0715 (Electronic)&#xD;1933-0707 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20043741</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20043741</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/2009.7.PEDS09244</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>FD<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,5]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moon</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>1780</RecNum><record><rec-number>1780</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1780</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moon, K.</author><author>Filis, A. K.</author><author>Cohen, A. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow Babies and Children&apos;s Hospital, The Neurological Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Mobile spinal ependymoma</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg Pediatr</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Pediatr</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Pediatr</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>85-8</pages><volume>5</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/01/02</edition><keywords><keyword>Cauda Equina/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Microsurgery</keyword><keyword>Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Sacrum/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Valsalva Maneuver/*physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1933-0715 (Electronic)&#xD;1933-0707 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20043741</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20043741</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/2009.7.PEDS09244</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>b
D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Di Marco</Author><Year>1988</Year><RecNum>1782</RecNum><DisplayText>[6,7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1782</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1782</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Di Marco, A.</author><author>Griso, C.</author><author>Pradella, R.</author><author>Campostrini, F.</author><author>Garusi, G. F.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiation Oncology, Presidio Ospedaliero di Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy.</auth-address><titles><title>Postoperative management of primary spinal cord ependymomas</title><secondary-title>Acta oncologica</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta Oncol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta oncologica</full-title><abbr-1>Acta Oncol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta oncologica</full-title><abbr-1>Acta Oncol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>371-5</pages><volume>27</volume><number>4</number><edition>1988/01/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Postoperative Care</keyword><keyword>Retrospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*radiotherapy/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1988</year></dates><isbn>0284-186X (Print)&#xD;0284-186X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>3202994</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3202994</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Guidetti</Author><Year>1981</Year><RecNum>1783</RecNum><record><rec-number>1783</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1783</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Guidetti, B.</author><author>Mercuri, S.</author><author>Vagnozzi, R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Long-term results of the surgical treatment of 129 intramedullary spinal gliomas</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>323-30</pages><volume>54</volume><number>3</number><edition>1981/03/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Astrocytoma/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Follow-Up Studies</keyword><keyword>Glioma/mortality/pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Oligodendroglioma/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/mortality</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1981</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0022-3085 (Print)&#xD;0022-3085 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7463133</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7463133</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/jns.1981.54.3.0323</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>b
D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Di Marco</Author><Year>1988</Year><RecNum>1782</RecNum><DisplayText>[6,7]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1782</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1782</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Di Marco, A.</author><author>Griso, C.</author><author>Pradella, R.</author><author>Campostrini, F.</author><author>Garusi, G. F.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiation Oncology, Presidio Ospedaliero di Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy.</auth-address><titles><title>Postoperative management of primary spinal cord ependymomas</title><secondary-title>Acta oncologica</secondary-title><alt-title>Acta Oncol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Acta oncologica</full-title><abbr-1>Acta Oncol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Acta oncologica</full-title><abbr-1>Acta Oncol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>371-5</pages><volume>27</volume><number>4</number><edition>1988/01/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Postoperative Care</keyword><keyword>Retrospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*radiotherapy/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1988</year></dates><isbn>0284-186X (Print)&#xD;0284-186X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>3202994</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3202994</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Guidetti</Author><Year>1981</Year><RecNum>1783</RecNum><record><rec-number>1783</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1783</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Guidetti, B.</author><author>Mercuri, S.</author><author>Vagnozzi, R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Long-term results of the surgical treatment of 129 intramedullary spinal gliomas</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>323-30</pages><volume>54</volume><number>3</number><edition>1981/03/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Astrocytoma/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Follow-Up Studies</keyword><keyword>Glioma/mortality/pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Oligodendroglioma/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/mortality</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1981</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0022-3085 (Print)&#xD;0022-3085 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7463133</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7463133</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/jns.1981.54.3.0323</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>$D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Marks</Author><Year>1982</Year><RecNum>1784</RecNum><DisplayText>[8,9,10,11]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1784</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1784</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Marks, J. E.</author><author>Adler, S. J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A comparative study of ependymomas by site of origin</title><secondary-title>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</secondary-title><alt-title>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</full-title><abbr-1>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</full-title><abbr-1>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>37-43</pages><volume>8</volume><number>1</number><edition>1982/01/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Brachytherapy</keyword><keyword>Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy</keyword><keyword>Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/pathology/*radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</keyword><keyword>Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Prognosis</keyword><keyword>Radiotherapy Dosage</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/secondary</keyword><keyword>Time Factors</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1982</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0360-3016 (Print)&#xD;0360-3016 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7061255</accession-num><work-type>Comparative Study</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7061255</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Sonneland</Author><Year>1985</Year><RecNum>1785</RecNum><record><rec-number>1785</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1785</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sonneland, P. R.</author><author>Scheithauer, B. W.</author><author>Onofrio, B. M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Myxopapillary ependymoma. A clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study of 77 cases</title><secondary-title>Cancer</secondary-title><alt-title>Cancer</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Cancer</full-title><abbr-1>Cancer</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Cancer</full-title><abbr-1>Cancer</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>883-93</pages><volume>56</volume><number>4</number><edition>1985/08/15</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery/ultrastructure</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Follow-Up Studies</keyword><keyword>Histocytochemistry</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Immunochemistry</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery/ultrastructure</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1985</year><pub-dates><date>Aug 15</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0008-543X (Print)&#xD;0008-543X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>4016681</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4016681</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Duffau</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>1788</RecNum><record><rec-number>1788</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1788</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Duffau, H.</author><author>Gazzaz, M.</author><author>Kujas, M.</author><author>Fohanno, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Departments of Neurosurgery 1 and Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, Hopital de la Salpetriere, Paris, France.</auth-address><titles><title>Primary intradural extramedullary ependymoma: case report and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1993-5</pages><volume>25</volume><number>15</number><edition>2000/07/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/etiology/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2000</year><pub-dates><date>Aug 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0362-2436 (Print)&#xD;0362-2436 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10908946</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10908946</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Wolfla</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>1789</RecNum><record><rec-number>1789</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1789</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wolfla, C. E.</author><author>Azzarelli, B.</author><author>Shah, M. V.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Neurosurgery, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Primary extramedullary ependymoma of the thoracic spine. Case illustration</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>643</pages><volume>87</volume><number>4</number><edition>1997/10/10</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/pathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Meningioma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Neurilemmoma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Paresis/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Sensation Disorders/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0022-3085 (Print)&#xD;0022-3085 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>9322856</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9322856</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/jns.1997.87.4.0643</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>$D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Marks</Author><Year>1982</Year><RecNum>1784</RecNum><DisplayText>[8,9,10,11]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1784</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1784</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Marks, J. E.</author><author>Adler, S. J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A comparative study of ependymomas by site of origin</title><secondary-title>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</secondary-title><alt-title>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</full-title><abbr-1>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics</full-title><abbr-1>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>37-43</pages><volume>8</volume><number>1</number><edition>1982/01/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Brachytherapy</keyword><keyword>Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy</keyword><keyword>Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/pathology/*radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</keyword><keyword>Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Prognosis</keyword><keyword>Radiotherapy Dosage</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/secondary</keyword><keyword>Time Factors</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1982</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0360-3016 (Print)&#xD;0360-3016 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>7061255</accession-num><work-type>Comparative Study</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7061255</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Sonneland</Author><Year>1985</Year><RecNum>1785</RecNum><record><rec-number>1785</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1785</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sonneland, P. 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A clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study of 77 cases</title><secondary-title>Cancer</secondary-title><alt-title>Cancer</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Cancer</full-title><abbr-1>Cancer</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Cancer</full-title><abbr-1>Cancer</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>883-93</pages><volume>56</volume><number>4</number><edition>1985/08/15</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery/ultrastructure</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Follow-Up Studies</keyword><keyword>Histocytochemistry</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Immunochemistry</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery/ultrastructure</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1985</year><pub-dates><date>Aug 15</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0008-543X (Print)&#xD;0008-543X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>4016681</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4016681</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Duffau</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>1788</RecNum><record><rec-number>1788</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1788</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Duffau, H.</author><author>Gazzaz, M.</author><author>Kujas, M.</author><author>Fohanno, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Departments of Neurosurgery 1 and Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, Hopital de la Salpetriere, Paris, France.</auth-address><titles><title>Primary intradural extramedullary ependymoma: case report and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1993-5</pages><volume>25</volume><number>15</number><edition>2000/07/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/etiology/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2000</year><pub-dates><date>Aug 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0362-2436 (Print)&#xD;0362-2436 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10908946</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10908946</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Wolfla</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>1789</RecNum><record><rec-number>1789</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1789</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wolfla, C. 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Case illustration</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>643</pages><volume>87</volume><number>4</number><edition>1997/10/10</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/pathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Meningioma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Neurilemmoma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Paresis/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Sensation Disorders/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0022-3085 (Print)&#xD;0022-3085 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>9322856</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9322856</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/jns.1997.87.4.0643</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>>D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,2,3,4]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Kinsman</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1790</RecNum><record><rec-number>1790</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1790</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kinsman, M. J.</author><author>Callahan, J. D.</author><author>Hattab, E. M.</author><author>Cohen-Gadol, A. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Goodman-Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>661-4</pages><volume>113</volume><number>8</number><edition>2011/03/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1872-6968 (Electronic)&#xD;0303-8467 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21435777</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435777</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.02.021</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Tripathy</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1781</RecNum><record><rec-number>1781</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1781</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tripathy, P.</author><author>Mohapatra, D.</author><author>Mohapatra, S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Neurosurgery Department, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Odisha, India. pradipta_tripathy@yahoo.com</auth-address><titles><title>Primary intradural extramedullary ependymoma: report of two cases and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurol Neurochir Pol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>397-401</pages><volume>45</volume><number>4</number><edition>2011/11/22</edition><keywords><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Lumbar Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/etiology/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jul-Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0028-3843 (Print)&#xD;0028-3843 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22102002</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102002</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moser</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>1779</RecNum><record><rec-number>1779</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1779</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moser, F. G.</author><author>Tuvia, J.</author><author>LaSalla, P.</author><author>Llana, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York.</auth-address><titles><title>Ependymoma of the spinal nerve root: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>962-4; discussion 964</pages><volume>31</volume><number>5</number><edition>1992/11/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Myelography</keyword><keyword>Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Spinal Nerve Roots/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0148-396X (Print)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>1436426</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1436426</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>>D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,2,3,4]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Kinsman</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1790</RecNum><record><rec-number>1790</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1790</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kinsman, M. J.</author><author>Callahan, J. D.</author><author>Hattab, E. M.</author><author>Cohen-Gadol, A. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Goodman-Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>661-4</pages><volume>113</volume><number>8</number><edition>2011/03/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1872-6968 (Electronic)&#xD;0303-8467 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21435777</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435777</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.02.021</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Tripathy</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1781</RecNum><record><rec-number>1781</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1781</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tripathy, P.</author><author>Mohapatra, D.</author><author>Mohapatra, S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Neurosurgery Department, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Odisha, India. pradipta_tripathy@yahoo.com</auth-address><titles><title>Primary intradural extramedullary ependymoma: report of two cases and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurol Neurochir Pol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>397-401</pages><volume>45</volume><number>4</number><edition>2011/11/22</edition><keywords><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Lumbar Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/etiology/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jul-Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0028-3843 (Print)&#xD;0028-3843 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22102002</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102002</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moser</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>1779</RecNum><record><rec-number>1779</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1779</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moser, F. G.</author><author>Tuvia, J.</author><author>LaSalla, P.</author><author>Llana, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York.</auth-address><titles><title>Ependymoma of the spinal nerve root: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>962-4; discussion 964</pages><volume>31</volume><number>5</number><edition>1992/11/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Myelography</keyword><keyword>Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Spinal Nerve Roots/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0148-396X (Print)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>1436426</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1436426</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>FD<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,5]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moon</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>1780</RecNum><record><rec-number>1780</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1780</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moon, K.</author><author>Filis, A. K.</author><author>Cohen, A. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow Babies and Children&apos;s Hospital, The Neurological Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Mobile spinal ependymoma</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg Pediatr</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Pediatr</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Pediatr</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>85-8</pages><volume>5</volume><number>1</number><edition>2010/01/02</edition><keywords><keyword>Cauda Equina/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Child</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Microsurgery</keyword><keyword>Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Sacrum/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Valsalva Maneuver/*physiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Jan</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1933-0715 (Electronic)&#xD;1933-0707 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20043741</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20043741</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/2009.7.PEDS09244</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>FD<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,5]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moon</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>1780</RecNum><record><rec-number>1780</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1780</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moon, K.</author><author>Filis, A. K.</author><author>Cohen, A. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rainbow Babies and Children&apos;s Hospital, The Neurological Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Mobile spinal ependymoma</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg Pediatr</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Pediatr</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. 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G.</author><author>Tuvia, J.</author><author>LaSalla, P.</author><author>Llana, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York.</auth-address><titles><title>Ependymoma of the spinal nerve root: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>962-4; discussion 964</pages><volume>31</volume><number>5</number><edition>1992/11/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Myelography</keyword><keyword>Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Spinal Nerve Roots/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0148-396X (Print)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>1436426</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1436426</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>�D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Duffau</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>1788</RecNum><DisplayText>[4,10]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1788</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1788</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Duffau, H.</author><author>Gazzaz, M.</author><author>Kujas, M.</author><author>Fohanno, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Departments of Neurosurgery 1 and Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics, Hopital de la Salpetriere, Paris, France.</auth-address><titles><title>Primary intradural extramedullary ependymoma: case report and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>1993-5</pages><volume>25</volume><number>15</number><edition>2000/07/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/etiology/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2000</year><pub-dates><date>Aug 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0362-2436 (Print)&#xD;0362-2436 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>10908946</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10908946</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Moser</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>1779</RecNum><record><rec-number>1779</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1779</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Moser, F. G.</author><author>Tuvia, J.</author><author>LaSalla, P.</author><author>Llana, J.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Radiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, New York.</auth-address><titles><title>Ependymoma of the spinal nerve root: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>962-4; discussion 964</pages><volume>31</volume><number>5</number><edition>1992/11/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Myelography</keyword><keyword>Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>*Spinal Nerve Roots/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0148-396X (Print)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>1436426</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1436426</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>pD<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,3,12]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Pulitzer</Author><Year>1988</Year><RecNum>1786</RecNum><record><rec-number>1786</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1786</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pulitzer, D. R.</author><author>Martin, P. C.</author><author>Collins, P. C.</author><author>Ralph, D. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112.</auth-address><titles><title>Subcutaneous sacrococcygeal (&quot;myxopapillary&quot;) ependymal rests</title><secondary-title>The American journal of surgical pathology</secondary-title><alt-title>Am J Surg Pathol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>The American journal of surgical pathology</full-title><abbr-1>Am J Surg Pathol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>The American journal of surgical pathology</full-title><abbr-1>Am J Surg Pathol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>672-7</pages><volume>12</volume><number>9</number><edition>1988/09/01</edition><keywords><keyword>Child, Preschool</keyword><keyword>Choristoma/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>*Ependyma</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Histocytochemistry</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Immunoenzyme Techniques</keyword><keyword>Infant</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>*Sacrococcygeal Region</keyword><keyword>Skin/pathology</keyword><keyword>Soft Tissue Neoplasms/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Staining and Labeling</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1988</year><pub-dates><date>Sep</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0147-5185 (Print)&#xD;0147-5185 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>2458048</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Comparative Study</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2458048</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Tripathy</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1781</RecNum><record><rec-number>1781</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1781</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tripathy, P.</author><author>Mohapatra, D.</author><author>Mohapatra, S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Neurosurgery Department, IMS and SUM Hospital, Kalinga Nagar, Odisha, India. pradipta_tripathy@yahoo.com</auth-address><titles><title>Primary intradural extramedullary ependymoma: report of two cases and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurol Neurochir Pol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska</full-title><abbr-1>Neurol Neurochir Pol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>397-401</pages><volume>45</volume><number>4</number><edition>2011/11/22</edition><keywords><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>*Lumbar Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/etiology/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Jul-Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0028-3843 (Print)&#xD;0028-3843 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>22102002</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22102002</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>pD<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bonfield</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1778</RecNum><DisplayText>[1,3,12]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1778</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1778</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bonfield, C. M.</author><author>Amin, D.</author><author>Hamilton, R. L.</author><author>Gerszten, P. C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary ependymoma near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report</title><secondary-title>Neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Neurosurgery</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Neurosurgery</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E831-4</pages><volume>68</volume><number>3</number><edition>2011/02/12</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged, 80 and over</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Lumbosacral Plexus/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/complications/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosis/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>Spinal Nerve Roots/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1524-4040 (Electronic)&#xD;0148-396X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21311277</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21311277</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1227/NEU.0b013e318209257e</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Pulitzer</Author><Year>1988</Year><RecNum>1786</RecNum><record><rec-number>1786</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1786</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pulitzer, D. R.</author><author>Martin, P. C.</author><author>Collins, P. C.</author><author>Ralph, D. 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Case illustration</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg Spine</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Spine</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Spine</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Spine</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Spine</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>476</pages><volume>5</volume><number>5</number><edition>2006/11/24</edition><keywords><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1547-5654 (Print)&#xD;1547-5646 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>17120902</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17120902</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/spi.2006.5.5.476</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Graca</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>1792</RecNum><record><rec-number>1792</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1792</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Graca, J.</author><author>Gultasli, N.</author><author>D&apos;Haene, N.</author><author>Brotchi, J.</author><author>Salmon, I.</author><author>Baleriaux, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.</auth-address><titles><title>Cystic extramedullary ependymoma</title><secondary-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</secondary-title><alt-title>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</full-title><abbr-1>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</full-title><abbr-1>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>818-21</pages><volume>27</volume><number>4</number><edition>2006/04/14</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Arachnoid Cysts/pathology</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0195-6108 (Print)&#xD;0195-6108 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16611771</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611771</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Robles</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>1793</RecNum><record><rec-number>1793</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1793</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Robles, S. G.</author><author>Saldana, C.</author><author>Boto, G. R.</author><author>Martinez, A.</author><author>Zamarron, A. P.</author><author>Jorquera, M.</author><author>Mata, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. santigilrob@yahoo.es</auth-address><titles><title>Intradural extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a benign pathology?</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E251-4</pages><volume>30</volume><number>9</number><edition>2005/05/03</edition><keywords><keyword>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Meningioma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Neurilemmoma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>May 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1528-1159 (Electronic)&#xD;0362-2436 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15864145</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15864145</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Schuurmans</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>1794</RecNum><record><rec-number>1794</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1794</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schuurmans, M.</author><author>Vanneste, J. A.</author><author>Verstegen, M. J.</author><author>van Furth, W. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurology, Sint Lucas Andreas Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.schuurmans@slaz.nl</auth-address><titles><title>Spinal extramedullary anaplastic ependymoma with spinal and intracranial metastases</title><secondary-title>Journal of neuro-oncology</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurooncol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neuro-oncology</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurooncol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neuro-oncology</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurooncol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>57-9</pages><volume>79</volume><number>1</number><edition>2006/04/15</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Brain Neoplasms/*secondary</keyword><keyword>Cervical Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Immunohistochemistry</keyword><keyword>Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Lumbar Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>S100 Proteins/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0167-594X (Print)&#xD;0167-594X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16614942</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614942</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s11060-005-9114-9</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Kinsman</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1790</RecNum><record><rec-number>1790</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1790</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kinsman, M. J.</author><author>Callahan, J. D.</author><author>Hattab, E. M.</author><author>Cohen-Gadol, A. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Goodman-Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>661-4</pages><volume>113</volume><number>8</number><edition>2011/03/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1872-6968 (Electronic)&#xD;0303-8467 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21435777</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435777</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.02.021</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>`&D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Cerase</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>1791</RecNum><DisplayText>[2,13,14,15,16]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1791</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1791</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Cerase, A.</author><author>Venturi, C.</author><author>Oliveri, G.</author><author>De Falco, D.</author><author>Miracco, C.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Unit of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico &quot;Santa Maria alle Scotte,&quot; Siena, Italy. alfonsocerase@interfree.it</auth-address><titles><title>Intradural extramedullary spinal anaplastic ependymoma. Case illustration</title><secondary-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurosurg Spine</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Spine</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Spine</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neurosurgery. Spine</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurosurg Spine</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>476</pages><volume>5</volume><number>5</number><edition>2006/11/24</edition><keywords><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Nov</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1547-5654 (Print)&#xD;1547-5646 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>17120902</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17120902</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3171/spi.2006.5.5.476</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Graca</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>1792</RecNum><record><rec-number>1792</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1792</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Graca, J.</author><author>Gultasli, N.</author><author>D&apos;Haene, N.</author><author>Brotchi, J.</author><author>Salmon, I.</author><author>Baleriaux, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.</auth-address><titles><title>Cystic extramedullary ependymoma</title><secondary-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</secondary-title><alt-title>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</full-title><abbr-1>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</full-title><abbr-1>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>818-21</pages><volume>27</volume><number>4</number><edition>2006/04/14</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Arachnoid Cysts/pathology</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0195-6108 (Print)&#xD;0195-6108 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16611771</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611771</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Robles</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>1793</RecNum><record><rec-number>1793</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1793</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Robles, S. G.</author><author>Saldana, C.</author><author>Boto, G. R.</author><author>Martinez, A.</author><author>Zamarron, A. P.</author><author>Jorquera, M.</author><author>Mata, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. santigilrob@yahoo.es</auth-address><titles><title>Intradural extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a benign pathology?</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E251-4</pages><volume>30</volume><number>9</number><edition>2005/05/03</edition><keywords><keyword>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Meningioma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Neurilemmoma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>May 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1528-1159 (Electronic)&#xD;0362-2436 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15864145</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15864145</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Schuurmans</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>1794</RecNum><record><rec-number>1794</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1794</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Schuurmans, M.</author><author>Vanneste, J. A.</author><author>Verstegen, M. J.</author><author>van Furth, W. R.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurology, Sint Lucas Andreas Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.schuurmans@slaz.nl</auth-address><titles><title>Spinal extramedullary anaplastic ependymoma with spinal and intracranial metastases</title><secondary-title>Journal of neuro-oncology</secondary-title><alt-title>J Neurooncol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of neuro-oncology</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurooncol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Journal of neuro-oncology</full-title><abbr-1>J Neurooncol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>57-9</pages><volume>79</volume><number>1</number><edition>2006/04/15</edition><keywords><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>Brain Neoplasms/*secondary</keyword><keyword>Cervical Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Immunohistochemistry</keyword><keyword>Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Lumbar Vertebrae</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>S100 Proteins/metabolism</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0167-594X (Print)&#xD;0167-594X (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16614942</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614942</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s11060-005-9114-9</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Kinsman</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>1790</RecNum><record><rec-number>1790</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1790</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kinsman, M. J.</author><author>Callahan, J. D.</author><author>Hattab, E. M.</author><author>Cohen-Gadol, A. A.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Goodman-Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .</auth-address><titles><title>Extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature</title><secondary-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</secondary-title><alt-title>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Clinical neurology and neurosurgery</full-title><abbr-1>Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>661-4</pages><volume>113</volume><number>8</number><edition>2011/03/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*diagnosis/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Laminectomy</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord/pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2011</year><pub-dates><date>Oct</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1872-6968 (Electronic)&#xD;0303-8467 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>21435777</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435777</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.02.021</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>6D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Graca</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>1792</RecNum><DisplayText>[14,15]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1792</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1792</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Graca, J.</author><author>Gultasli, N.</author><author>D&apos;Haene, N.</author><author>Brotchi, J.</author><author>Salmon, I.</author><author>Baleriaux, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.</auth-address><titles><title>Cystic extramedullary ependymoma</title><secondary-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</secondary-title><alt-title>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</full-title><abbr-1>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</full-title><abbr-1>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>818-21</pages><volume>27</volume><number>4</number><edition>2006/04/14</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Arachnoid Cysts/pathology</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0195-6108 (Print)&#xD;0195-6108 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16611771</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611771</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Robles</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>1793</RecNum><record><rec-number>1793</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1793</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Robles, S. G.</author><author>Saldana, C.</author><author>Boto, G. R.</author><author>Martinez, A.</author><author>Zamarron, A. P.</author><author>Jorquera, M.</author><author>Mata, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. santigilrob@yahoo.es</auth-address><titles><title>Intradural extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a benign pathology?</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E251-4</pages><volume>30</volume><number>9</number><edition>2005/05/03</edition><keywords><keyword>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Meningioma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Neurilemmoma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>May 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1528-1159 (Electronic)&#xD;0362-2436 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15864145</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15864145</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>6D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Graca</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>1792</RecNum><DisplayText>[14,15]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1792</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1792</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Graca, J.</author><author>Gultasli, N.</author><author>D&apos;Haene, N.</author><author>Brotchi, J.</author><author>Salmon, I.</author><author>Baleriaux, D.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.</auth-address><titles><title>Cystic extramedullary ependymoma</title><secondary-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</secondary-title><alt-title>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</full-title><abbr-1>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</full-title><abbr-1>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>818-21</pages><volume>27</volume><number>4</number><edition>2006/04/14</edition><keywords><keyword>Aged</keyword><keyword>Arachnoid Cysts/pathology</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Spinal Cord Neoplasms/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Thoracic Vertebrae</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2006</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0195-6108 (Print)&#xD;0195-6108 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>16611771</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports&#xD;Review</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611771</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Robles</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>1793</RecNum><record><rec-number>1793</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1793</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Robles, S. G.</author><author>Saldana, C.</author><author>Boto, G. R.</author><author>Martinez, A.</author><author>Zamarron, A. P.</author><author>Jorquera, M.</author><author>Mata, P.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. santigilrob@yahoo.es</auth-address><titles><title>Intradural extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a benign pathology?</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E251-4</pages><volume>30</volume><number>9</number><edition>2005/05/03</edition><keywords><keyword>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Combined Modality Therapy</keyword><keyword>Diagnosis, Differential</keyword><keyword>Dura Mater/*pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/*pathology/surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Meningioma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery</keyword><keyword>Neurilemmoma/diagnosis</keyword><keyword>Spinal Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>May 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1528-1159 (Electronic)&#xD;0362-2436 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15864145</accession-num><work-type>Case Reports</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15864145</url></related-urls></urls><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>�	D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Nakamura</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>1787</RecNum><DisplayText>[17]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1787</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1787</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nakamura, M.</author><author>Ishii, K.</author><author>Watanabe, K.</author><author>Tsuji, T.</author><author>Matsumoto, M.</author><author>Toyama, Y.</author><author>Chiba, K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. masa@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp</auth-address><titles><title>Long-term surgical outcomes for myxopapillary ependymomas of the cauda equina</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E756-60</pages><volume>34</volume><number>21</number><edition>2009/11/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Cauda Equina/pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Incidence</keyword><keyword>Longitudinal Studies</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control</keyword><keyword>*Neurosurgical Procedures</keyword><keyword>Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Prognosis</keyword><keyword>Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/methods</keyword><keyword>Retrospective Studies</keyword><keyword>Treatment Outcome</keyword><keyword>Young Adult</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Oct 1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1528-1159 (Electronic)&#xD;0362-2436 (Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19934795</accession-num><work-type>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</work-type><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934795</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b34d16</electronic-resource-num><language>eng</language></record></Cite></EndNote>�	D<EndNote><Cite><Author>Nakamura</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>1787</RecNum><DisplayText>[17]</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1787</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="2zvrfwxxjrt9zjewpw0xdw9pt0tsr2ewawx2">1787</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nakamura, M.</author><author>Ishii, K.</author><author>Watanabe, K.</author><author>Tsuji, T.</author><author>Matsumoto, M.</author><author>Toyama, Y.</author><author>Chiba, K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. masa@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp</auth-address><titles><title>Long-term surgical outcomes for myxopapillary ependymomas of the cauda equina</title><secondary-title>Spine</secondary-title><alt-title>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</alt-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></periodical><alt-periodical><full-title>Spine</full-title><abbr-1>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</abbr-1></alt-periodical><pages>E756-60</pages><volume>34</volume><number>21</number><edition>2009/11/26</edition><keywords><keyword>Adolescent</keyword><keyword>Adult</keyword><keyword>*Cauda Equina/pathology</keyword><keyword>Ependymoma/diagnosis/*surgery</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Incidence</keyword><keyword>Longitudinal Studies</keyword><keyword>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>Middle Aged</keyword><keyword>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/prevention &amp; 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