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SECOND AUTHOR. DR.  SAHZIA KHALID 
	ABSTRACT	
  The aim of the present study was to find out the correlation between paranormal Belief and Personality traits. The first hypotheses was that paranormal belief are positively correlates with personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience), and the second one was that the correlation of paranormal belief with demographic variables. The sample consists of 60 University students, 30 men and 30 women. In order to measure the study variables, Urdu translated version of Paranormal Belief Scale, and NEO-PI-R, were used correlation and coefficient and t- test were calculated to verify the hypotheses. The finding of the present study supports only one dimension of hypotheses that Paranormal belief positively correlate with Personality trait (Neuroticism), and not supports the other dimension of hypotheses, (Extraversion, and Openness to Experience). The result of present study does not support the second proposed hypotheses. 
Key words: paranormal belief, personality traits, university students.








Introduction 
Paranormal belief �The belief where the central characteristics of mental, psychological, physical, and biological entities or processes are confused with each other.�  Although the paranormal belief and their existence and prevalence and their correlation have been studies widely, but in psychology the beliefs is poorly understood and explained. This partly emerge from the lack of an adequate definition of paranormal beliefs, magical beliefs, and superstitious. It impossible to define the beliefs scientifically. The entities and processes such as amulets, witches, and fortune telling are all called superstitious, magical beliefs or paranormal beliefs. There is no clear definition between them, not a common definition exists. 
Paranormal belief, superstitious, and magical belief were predicted to fade away with the rise of rationality, science and technology (Frazer & Mauss, 1922, 1950). The prediction has not, however, been proved right. People still attached and knock on the wood to shed them from bad luck, believe in astrology, telepathy, and guardian angels, and are fascinated by mysticism. The existence of belief is surprisingly high, three fourth of American have to engage at least one type paranormal belief (The national science foundation, 2006), and even though the ratio are more in Finns than American (Tobacyk & Pirtila �Backman, 1992). One third Finns believe on telepathy (Finns Society for scientific information, 2004).
One Surveys was conducted in 1996 by Gallup of a nationally representatives sample of Americans, shows a high degree of beliefs, interest and involvement in a variety of paranormal related activities among the general population. For example, 48 percent people believed on  extra-sensory perception (ESP), 45 percent believes that unidentified flying objects (UFOs) have already visited Earth, and 56 and 72 percent peoples believed in the reality of the devil and angles, respectively (Gallup, 1997). In fact, the actual number has been increased in the surveys first started (Gallup & Newport, 1991) and other surveys among the university and college students have also the same result (Messer & Griggs, 1989). The present study was designed to provide exploratory look at the relationships between paranormal beliefs and personality correlation among the university students. Moreover, gender differences in the paranormal belief were also explored in this study.
It is believed that the present study will be investigated the paranormal activity and their effect on personality traits among the university student in Pakistani society. The present study also helpful to understand the level of paranormal belief in both male female university students and explore the paranormal activity ratio are more either on male or  female in university students of Pakistan.    
Method
Objectives 
The present investigation was designed achieve two objectives. The first objective of the study was to find out the relationship of paranormal beliefs with Big Five personality Traits. While the second objective focused on exploring gender differences in relation to paranormal beliefs.
Hypotheses
In order to achieve the above objective, following hypotheses were formulated. 
Hypotheses 1
Neuroticism, Extraversion and openness to experience will be positively correlate with Paranormal Beliefs, while agreeableness & conscientiousness will be negatively related to Paranormal Beliefs. 
Hypotheses 2
	Women will show greater Paranormal Beliefs than men.
Participants/Sampling
In the present study, total 100 students, 50 men students and 50 women students were participated. All the participants were the regular students of two different universities (Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi and Preston University Islamabad). Their education level was postgraduate (M.A/ Msc) and their age ranged between, 21 to 25 year.                                                                                                                     
Procedure
On attaining their agreement, the respondents were given Urdu-translated version of the two scales, namely Paranormal Belief scale (Tobacyk, 1988) and NEO-PI-R of (Costa,& McCrae, 1978,1992,1995,). The participants were instructed to read the items carefully before responding to each. They were also instructed not to leave any items blank. After data collection, all the responses were entered to SSPS. Correlation and coefficients and t-test were computed to verify the hypotheses of the present study. 
Instruments
In order to achieve the objectives of the measurement study, two scales were used. Description of the scales appears below.
Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (RPBS), Tobacyk (1988)
Revised form of Paranormal Belief scale (RPBS Tobacyk, 1988) was used to measure the degree of paranormal beliefs. PBS consists of 26 items. Each item is anchored on seven- point rating scale. For the present study, revised paranormal Belief scale (RPBS) was translated into Urdu language. The items of RPBS were given to psychologists, who were familiar with translation procedure, and were instructed to translate each item into Urdu language. Moreover, they were also requested to assess the culture relevance of each item. On the basis of the responses, three items (items no. 6, 13, 19) were rephrased to make them culturally relevant (see Annexure). 
Personality scale
The original version named as Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness Inventory (NEO-I), was developed in 1970 by Cost and McCrae. Later, NEO-I was revised and renamed as NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI). NEO_PI consists of 50 items based on five factor Model (FFM)(Costa & McCrae,1992). The questionnaire statements are marked on seven point scales with higher scores indicating stronger endorsement. The five scales that are measured include Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, with 10 question used for each factor. 
The internal consistency information of the NEO presented in the manual was derived from the full job performance sample (n= 1,539). The internal consistency of the NEO was high, at: N= .92, E= .89, O= .87, A= .86, C= .90. The internal consistency of the facet scales ranged from .56-.81, although Costa and McCrae remind us that there are                                                                                                                                           
Only 8 items on each facet. The test retest reliability of an early version of the NEO after 3 months was: N= .87, E= .91, O= .86. The test retest reliability reported in the manual of the NEO PI-R over 6 years was: N= .83, E= .82, O= .83, A= .63, C= .79. 
RESULTS
The present study investigation was planned to explore the correlation between Paranormal Belief and Personality Traits among the University students. Accordingly, two hypotheses were formulated. The first hypotheses was that the positive correlation of Paranormal Belief with Personality Traits, (Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience). The second hypotheses proposed that women are more paranormal than men.
In order to verify the hypotheses of the study, correlation were carried out (Table 1 & 2) and t-test analysis on (Table 3).


Table 1
Correlation between paranormal belief and personality dimension (Neuroticism, Extraversion and openness to experience)  which  was  positively  hypothesized.(N =100)                                   
                                       Correlation with          Correlation with         Correlation with 
____________________  Neuroticism   __________Extraverson_______Openness  __
Paranormal belief 		.032*          	          .338 (ns)                         .596 (ns)
Religious belief                    	.254 (ns)                     .042*                             .324 (ns)
Psi                                         	.405 (ns)                    .506 (ns)                         .940 (ns)
Witchcraft                             	.017*                         .996 (ns)                         .946 (ns)
Superstitious                         	.909 (ns)                   .506 (ns)                          .819 (ns)
Spiritualism                          	.057*                         .432 (ns)                         .435 (ns)
Extraordinary form               	.201 (ns)                   .503 (ns)                         .900 (ns)
Precognition                           .349 (ns)                    .618 (ns)                         .618 (ns)
* p < .05    ns=   not significant       









Table 2
Correlation between paranormal belief and personality dimension (Agreeableness  and conscientious) which was negatively hypothesized.                                               (N = 100)
                                                  Correlation with                                    Correlation with
                                                   Agreeableness                                          Conscientious                                                                                           
Paranormal belief                             .258 (ns)                                                   .071(ns) 
Religious belief                                .602 (ns)                                                   .282 (ns)
Psi                                                     .971 (ns)                                                   .711 (ns)
Witchcraft                                         .388 (ns)                                                   .363 (ns)
Superstitious                                     .990 (ns)                                                   .834 (ns)
Spiritualism                                       .388 (ns)                                                   .237 (ns)
Extraordinary form                           .135 (ns)                                                    .040* 
Precognition                                      .675 (ns)                                                   .878 (ns)
________________________________________________________________________ 
* p <  .05   ns = not significant 
       Result shows the significant level between paranormal belief with Neuroticism and no significant level with other Personality Traits.
Similarly, t-test was used to check the second hypotheses of the present study. 
Table 3
t value for both men and women on paranormal belief scale___(N=100)____________

Gender              Mean                  SD                    t- value                      df                   p_ 
Men                    106.6                 17.03                     .086	    58                 .504*	
Women              107.6                  15.17 
________________________________________________________________________                               

Result presented on Table 3. t score of both men and women ( t =.086, p = .504) and mean score of the men (M=106.6, SD= 17.03) and the mean score of women (M=107.6, 15.17). The second hypotheses of the present study were rejected. The result of the t score show that there is no significant difference among the University students on paranormal belief. The men and women of the University students equally score on paranormal belief.          
DISCUSSION
	The main aim of the present study was to find out the relationship between paranormal belief and personality traits. The first hypotheses of the study was proposed that paranormal belief has positive correlation with personality traits,(Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience). As regard the second hypotheses of the present study, related to Demographic variables. 
	The previous researches, explored different results about Paranormal Belief and Personality Traits. Some studies, suggested that Neuroticism was significantly related with Paranormal Belief, (Thalbourne, Dunbar and Delin, 1995), while others did not (Lester and Monaghan, 1995, Willging and Lester, 1997) . Similarly Extraversion was found to be a significant correlate of paranormal belief in some studies (Thalbourne, 1981, eysenk 19967; Thalbourne and Haraldsson, 1980)
	It was explored through the finding of the previous researches, that there is a significant difference in beliefs in the paranormal between genders. Females have expressed stronger beliefs in the paranormal than males. Females were higher in their beliefs of ESP, and ghosts, while men had higher beliefs in UFOs and the Loch Ness Monster (Irwin, 1993). Blackmore (1997) found that there was a large significant sex difference between believers and non-believers. Blackmore found that over 70 percent of the female respondents were believers, compared to 48 percent of the males.
	The finding of the present study supports only one dimension of hypotheses that Paranormal belief positively correlate with Personality trait (Neuroticism), and not supports the other dimension of hypotheses, (Extraversion, and Openness to Experience).
The result of present study does not support the second proposed hypotheses. The finding show that there was no significance difference among the men and women students of the University on Paranormal Belief.  
	The result of the present in between the subscale of paranormal belief and personality traits show the significant religious and extraversion among the university student and witchcraft and spiritualism have positive correlation neuroticism. The finding also show the extraordinary positively related with conscientiousness.  






                                             







References
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental 
disorder (4th Ed.). Washington DC; Author.
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