Figure 4: Neural Stem or Progenitor Cell Transplantation for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Neural stem and progenitor cells have been transplanted into the spinal cord via intraparenchymal injection in ongoing Phase I trials for ALS and SCI. While treatment of SCI is likely to require transplantation in the vicinity of the injury, treatment of ALS is likely to require transplant into multiple locations to address loss of both upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.