| Indices | Formulas | References | meaning |
| species richness | SR = (S – 1) / ln(N) Where, SR = Species richness index S = Total number of species N = Total number of individuals in the sample |
Margalef [50] | A measure for species diversity, the higher the index the greater the diversity |
| diversity index |  where, Pi = ni /NPi = the proportion of individuals found for the ith species ni = the number of individuals of the ith species N = the total number of individuals of all species |
Shannon and Wiener [51] | A measure for species diversity taking into account how evenly the individuals are distributed among the species, for a given number of species, the index is maximized when all species are equally abundant |
| dominance |  Where, ID = Index of dominance S = Number of species ni = Number of individuals of the ith species N = Total number of individuals of all species |
Simpson [52] | A measure for the degree of concentration of species, the index obtains small values in datasets of high diversity and large values in datasets of low diversity |
| evenness |  Where, E = Species evenness index H = Shannon-Wiener Index of diversity S = Total no. of species |
Pileou [53] | A measure to quantify how equal a community is in numbers of each species, a high value indicates a high evenness |
| similarity | IS = (3×N) / (C+D+S) Where, IS = Index of Similarity N = number of common species in the sites C = Species present in site C D = Species present in site D S = Species present in site S |
Sørensen [54] | A measure for comparing the similarity of different sites with regard to common species, a high value indicates large similarity between the sites |