| Botanical name of plant with family name |
Part used |
Parts used and their main active components |
Origin / native place |
Agave americana
(Agavaceae) |
Leaf |
Steroidal saponin, alkaloid, coumarin, isoflavonoid, hecogenin
and vitamins (A, B, C) |
Central America |
Agropyron repens
(Poaceae) |
Rhizomes |
Rhizome contains essential oil, polysaccharide and mucilage |
Europe |
Agrimonia pilosa
(Rosaceae) |
Herb |
Agrimonolide, flavonoid, triterpene, tannin and coumarin |
China, Japan,
Korea, India |
Ailanthus altissima
(Simaroubaceae) |
Bark |
Triterpene, tannin, saponin and quercetin-3-glucoside |
China, Korea |
Akebia quinata
(Lardizabalaceae) |
Fruit |
Flavonoid and saponin |
China, Japan, Korea |
Alpinia galanga
(Zingiberaceae) |
Rhizomes |
Kaempferide and flavone |
Europe |
| Aristolochia contorta(Aristolochiaceae) |
Root and fruit |
Lysicamine and oxaaporphine |
China, Korea |
Aster tataricus
(Asteraceae) |
Whole plant |
Triterpene, monoterpene and epifriedelanol |
Japan, Korea |
| Bryonia dioica |
Root |
Cucurbitacin and glycoside |
Europe |
| Cannabis sativa(Cannabinaceae) |
Leaf |
Stereo isomers of cannabitriol |
South Africa |
Chelidonium jajus var. asiaticum
(Papaveraceae) |
Herb |
Alkaloids (sanguinarine, chelerythrine, berberine) |
Asia, Europe |
| Chimaphila umbellate (Ericaceae) |
Whole plant |
Ericolin, arbutin, urson and tannin |
Asia, Europe |
Coix lachryma jobi
(Poaceae) |
Seed |
Trans-ferulyl stigmasterol |
China |
| Dryopteris crassirhizoma(Polypodiaceae) |
Rhizomes |
Filicinic and filicic acids, aspidinol and aspidin |
China, Japan, Korea |
Echinops setifer
(Asteraceae) |
Whole plant |
Echinopsine |
Korea |
Erythronium americanum
(Liliaceae) |
Whole plant |
Alpha-methylenebutyrolactone |
North America |
Euonymus alatus
(Celastraceae) |
Whole plant |
Triterpene, euolatin, steroid and sesquiterpene alkaloid |
China, Japan, Korea |
| Eupatorium cannabinum(Asteraceae) |
Whole plant |
Sesquiterpene, lactone, pyrrolizidine alkaloid
and flavonoid |
Europe, Asia, |
Fragaria vesca
(Rosaceae) |
Leaf and fruit |
Flavonoid, tannin, borneol and ellagic acid Asia, Europe |
Asia, Europe |
Fritillaria thunbergii
(Liliaceae) |
Whole plant |
Alkaloid and peimine |
China, Siberia |
Galium aparine
(Rubiaceae) |
Cleaver |
Iridoid, polyphenolic acid, tannin, anthraquinone
and flavonoid |
Europe , Africa |
| Hydrastis canadensis(Ranunculaceae) |
Whole plant |
Isoquinoline alkaloids (hydrastine, berberine, berberastine, candaline), resin and lactone |
Canada, United States |
Junchus effuses
(Juncaceae) |
Whole plant |
tridecanone, effusol, juncanol, phenylpropanoid and a-tocopherol |
China, Japan, Korea |
Lantana camara
(Verbenaceae) |
Whole plant |
Alkaloids (camerine, isocamerine, micranine,
lantanine, lantadene) |
Tropical America |
Larrea tridentate
(Zygophyllaceae) |
Whole plant |
Resin |
Southwestern USA,
Mexico |
Lonicera japonica
(Caprifoliaceae) |
Whole plant |
Tannins, saponins and carotenoids |
China |
Olea europrae
(Oleaceae) |
Leaf and oil |
Oleic acid and polyphenol |
America |
Panax quinquefolium
(Araliaceae) |
Roots |
Ginsenoside, sesquiterpene, limonene vitamins (B1, B2, B12) |
China, Japan, Korea |
| Phaleria macrocarpa |
Fruits |
Gallic acid |
Indonesia |
Polygonatum multiflorum
(Liliaceae) |
Whole plant |
Saponin, flavonoid and vitamin A |
Asia, Europe, North America |
Potentilla chinensis
(Rolsaaceae) |
Whole plant |
Gallic acid and tannin |
China, Japan, Korea |
Pygeum africanum
(Boraginaceae) |
Bark |
Phytosterol, triterpene and tannin |
Africa |
Pyrus malus
(Rosaceae) |
Bark and fruit |
Quercetin, catechin, flavonoid, coumaric and gallic acids, phloridzin and procyanidin |
Britain |
Rhus chinensis
(Anacardiaceae) |
Leaf |
Tannin, apigenin and glycoside; seed contains bruceosides (A, B), brucein D and fatty oil |
China, Japan, Korea |
Rubus idaeus
(Rosaceae) |
Leaf |
Flavonoid and tannin; fruit contains vitamins (A, B, C) and ellagic acid |
Asia, Europe |
Scilla natalensis
(Hyacinthaceae) |
Bulb |
Bulb |
South Africa |
| Scrophularia nodosa(Scrophulariaceae) |
Aerial parts |
Iridoid, flavonoid and phenolic acid |
Europe |
Smilax chinensis
(Liliaceae) |
Rhizomes |
Tannin, saponins and flavonoid |
China, Japan |
Tabebuia spp.
(Bignoniaceae) |
Bark |
Quinine, bioflavonoid and co-enzyme Q |
South America |
Thuja occidentalis
(Cupressaceae) |
Whole plant |
Flavonoid, tannin, volatile oil and mucilage |
Northeastern USA, Europe |
Thymus vulgaris
(Lamiaceae) |
Whole plant |
Volatile oil, flavonoid and tannin |
South Europe |
Trifolium pratense
(Fabaceae) |
Flower |
Glucosides (trifolin, trifolitin, trifolianol), flavonoid and phenolic acid |
Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia |
Vitex rotundifolia
(Verbenaceae) |
Whole plant |
Camphene, pinene and diterpene |
China, Japan, Korea |
