CARBON SEQUESTRATION: MECHANISMS ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND CLIMATE MITIGATION

Carbon sequestration refers to the long‑term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other forms of carbon in natural reservoirs such as forests, soils, and oceans, as well as in engineered systems like geological formations. It is a critical process for mitigating atmospheric CO₂ concentrations and combating climate change. Terrestrial ecosystems capture carbon through photosynthesis, storing it in biomass and soils, while oceans absorb carbon through physical and biological processes. Enhanced understanding of sequestration mechanisms, quantification methods, and management strategies is essential for effective climate policy and sustainable ecosystem management. This article reviews the major pathways of carbon sequestration, its role in climate mitigation, and key environmental implications.