Climate-Driven Transformations in Marine Ecosystems: Biodiversity Shifts, Predictive Insights, and Adaptive Strategies

Climate change has emerged as a critical driver of marine
ecosystem transformations, profoundly influencing species
distribution, abundance, and ecological interactions. Ocean
warming, acidification, and deoxygenation are altering physiological
processes, disrupting trophic dynamics, and triggering habitat loss
for numerous marine species. Coral reefs, sea grass meadows, and
kelp forests are particularly vulnerable, with cascading effects on
biodiversity and human livelihoods. This article synthesizes current
knowledge on climate-induced changes in marine biodiversity,
focusing on patterns of species migration, shifts in community
composition, and resilience mechanisms. It also examines predictive
modelling approaches for assessing future biodiversity scenarios
and outlines strategies for mitigation and adaptation. Understanding
these dynamics is crucial for conserving marine ecosystems in a
rapidly changing climate.