CORAL REEFS: BIODIVERSITY ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CONSERVATION CHALLENGES

Coral reefs are highly diverse marine ecosystems that provide essential ecological and economic benefits. Built by calcium carbonate-secreting corals, these ecosystems support a vast array of marine life despite occupying a small fraction of the ocean floor. Coral reefs are vital for coastal protection, fisheries, and tourism. However, they are increasingly threatened by climate change, ocean acidification, pollution, and overfishing. This article discusses the formation, types, ecological importance, and conservation challenges of coral reefs, emphasizing the need for sustainable management practices.