Immunopotentiation of Newcastle Disease Vaccine using many adjuvants and Chitosan Nanoparticles

To potentiate the immune responses of the Newcastle Disease vaccine, many adjuvants such as, Saponin, paraffin oil, sunflower oil, Nigella Sativa oil ,and chitosan nanoparticles “CH-NPS”, were prepared with live and inactivated I-2 vaccines. The formulated vaccines were tested for their biological and physical characteristics, including sterility, safety, Immunogenicity protective efficacy, protein estimation for CH-NPS, and the completion of the emulsification