Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology 2019- Natural products research: A potential source of innovative new drug discovery and development, Festus M Tolo, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya

Enabling innovation and access to health technologies remains a key strategy in combating infectious diseases in low and middle income countries. In such countries, infectious disease are a leading cause of death and are difficult to control if the infectious agents evolve resistance to commonly used drugs. Modern medicine needs new kinds of antibiotics and antivirals to treat drug-resistant infections. One source of such drugs lies in medicinal plants, an available resource still abundant in Africa. Both herbal and traditional medicines of plant origin have provided templates that have served as scaffolds for rational drug design. We have presented a new management therapy being developed for herpes infection in human from a medicinal plant with activity for both acyclovir resistant and sensitive strains of Herpes Simplex Virus. Herpes is a viral infection affecting over 60% of the Sub-Saharan Africa young adult population. The herbal product, Zedupex has been evaluated for preclinical safety and efficacy in suitable in vitro and in vivo systems of herpes infections. Cytotoxic concentrations of the product in mammalian cell lines have indicated a wide therapeutic index (CC50≥58.5±4.6 μg/ml). In vivo, an EC50 of ≤14.7±3.7 μg/ml for both wild type and resistant strains of HSV has been realized in plaque and viral yield assays. Oral (250 mg/kg) and topical (10% cream) administrations exhibits a significant delay in onset of infections, hindered progression of infection to lethal forms with increased mean survival times and low mortality with no acute toxicity at therapeutic concentrations. Financial constrains has slowed down the progression of clinical trial stages in human of this product but results so far obtained exemplify the potential that still exists from medicinal plants. Two classes of antihypertensive medications fill in for instance of how improved biochemical and physiological information on one body framework added to sedate turn of events. (Hypertension) is a significant hazard factor for advancement of cardiovascular sicknesses. A significant method to forestall cardiovascular maladies is to control hypertension. One of the physiological frameworks associated with circulatory strain control is the renin-angiotensin framework. Renin is a chemical created in the kidney. It follows up on a blood protein to create angiotensin. The subtleties of the natural chemistry and physiology of this framework were turned out to be by biomedical researchers working at clinics, colleges, and government research labs around the globe. Two significant strides underway of the physiological impact of the renin-angiotensin framework are the transformation of dormant angiotensin I to dynamic angiotensin II by angiotensin-changing over catalyst (ACE) and the collaboration of angiotensin II with its physiologic receptors, including AT1 receptors. Angiotensin II cooperates with AT1 receptors to raise pulse. Information on the organic chemistry and physiology of this framework proposed to researchers that new medications could be created to bring down unusually high blood pressure. Drug revelation utilizing regular items is a difficult errand for planning new leads. It portray the bioactive mixes got from normal assets, its phytochemical examination, portrayal and pharmacological examination. It centers around the achievement of these assets during the time spent finding and finding new and successful medication exacerbates that can be helpful for HR. From numerous years, common items have been going about as a wellspring of restorative operators and have demonstrated valuable employments. Just regular item sedate disclosure assumes a significant job to build up the logical proof of these normal assets. Examination in tranquilize disclosure needs to create hearty and feasible lead atoms, which venture forward from a screening hit to a medication applicant through basic clarification and structure distinguishing proof through GC–MS, NMR, IR, HPLC, and HPTLC. The advancement of new innovations has upset the screening of common items in finding new medications. Drugs fail in the clinic for two main reasons; the first is that they do not work and the second is that they are not safe. As such, one of the most important steps in developing a new drug is target identification and validation. A target is a broad term which can be applied to a range of biological entities which may include for example proteins, genes and RNA. A good target needs to be efficacious, safe, meet clinical and commercial needs and, above all, be ‘druggable’. A ‘druggable’ target is accessible to the putative drug molecule, be that a small molecule or larger biologicals and upon binding, elicit a biological response which may be measured both in vitro and in vivo. It is now known that certain target classes are more amenable to small molecule drug discovery, for example, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), whereas antibodies are good at blocking protein/protein interactions. Good target identification and validation enables increased confidence in the relationship between target and disease and allows us to explore whether target modulation will lead to mechanism-based side effects. A commonplace program basic way inside the lead revelation stage comprises of various exercises and starts with the improvement of natural measures to be utilized for the ID of atoms with action at the medication target. When grown, such tests are utilized to screen compound libraries to recognize atoms of intrigue. The yield of a compound screen is regularly named a hit particle, which has been exhibited to have explicit action at the objective protein. Screening hits structure the premise of a lead enhancement science program to expand intensity of the compound arrangement at the essential medication target protein. During the lead disclosure, stage atoms are likewise screened in cell-based measures prescient of the infection state and in creature models of malady to describe both the adequacy of the compound and its probable security profile. Data mining of available biomedical data has led to a significant increase in target identification Using these advancements offers us a chance to perform research in screening new atoms utilizing a product and database to set up regular items as a significant hotspot for tranquilize revelation. It at last prompts lead structure disclosure. Incredible new advances are reforming common home grown medication disclosure.