Long-Time Evaluation of Biological Effects of Transponders Implanted Subcutaneously in the Midway Region of the Left Neck in Four Goats

 Long-Time Evaluation of Biological Effects of Transponders Implanted Subcutaneously in the Midway Region of the Left Neck in Four Goats

Electronic identification of livestock animals is currently a major topic within the food producing industry. Contrary to small ruminants, cattle and pig, passive injectable transponders are recommended as a secure method of pets and horse identification but evaluations about the long-time biological effects of transponders are generally lacking.