MARINE PROTECTED AREAS (MPAs): CONSERVATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE OCEANS

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designated regions of oceans and coasts managed to conserve marine biodiversity, sustain fisheries, and protect critical habitats. MPAs are effective tools for mitigating anthropogenic pressures such as overfishing, habitat degradation, and climate change. This article reviews the ecological, economic, and social significance of MPAs, their role in enhancing biodiversity, and the challenges in their implementation. The review emphasizes the need for effective planning, enforcement, and stakeholder involvement to ensure MPAs meet conservation and sustainability objectives.