Physiology of animals over the gravity spectrum

Since the beginning of time, gravity has been a constant factor influencing many processes. When the gravitational force is changed, biological qualities of living organisms change, and these changes are experienced at all levels, from cellular to organismal. Adaptive reactions are induced by changes in gravity levels, which alter dynamic physiological functions. Astronauts frequently suffer from space motion sickness, cardiovascular deconditioning, bone demineralization, muscular atrophy, and fluid pooling and redistribution in the upper body in a microgravity environment when weightlessness is experienced