PHYTOSPLANKTON: PRIMARY PRODUCERS AND ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

Phytoplankton are microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that form the foundation of aquatic food webs and play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles. They are responsible for approximately half of the world’s oxygen production and are key indicators of ecosystem health. Phytoplankton communities are highly sensitive to environmental changes, including nutrient availability, temperature, light, and pollution. This article reviews the ecological importance, diversity, and environmental significance of phytoplankton, highlighting their role in primary production and as bioindicators of water quality.