The Role of Environmental Microbiology in Ecosystem Health

Environmental microbiology plays a pivotal role in sustaining
ecosystem health by regulating nutrient cycles, decomposing
organic matter, and mitigating pollutants. Microorganisms, including
bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses, influence soil fertility, water
quality, and atmospheric composition. Their interactions contribute
to ecosystem resilience against environmental stresses. Recent
advancements in molecular tools, such as metagenomics, have
enabled the identification of previously unknown microbial species
and functions, deepening our understanding of microbial diversity.
This article examines the essential functions of environmental
microorganisms, their role in biogeochemical processes, and
their potential in bioremediation and climate change mitigation.
It also explores challenges in preserving microbial diversity amid
anthropogenic pressures like pollution and habitat destruction,
proposing strategies for microbial conservation to maintain
ecosystem stability.