The Role of FODMAP Diet in Functional Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Food is increasingly recognized as a factor that can significantly influence the symptoms of certain chronic diseases. In this article, we review the effects of a diet low in Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (low FODMAP diet), on the course of disease entities such as IBS, SIBO, GERD, and constipation. In this article, we present both positive and negative aspects of following this diet. The results of the study showed that patients receiving a low FODMAP diet experienced a statistically significant reduction in pain and bloating compared to patients receiving a traditional diet; with respect to stool consistency, there was no significant difference between treatments. Patients on a low FODMAP diet described a significant reduction in abdominal pain and bloating compared with those on a high FODMAP diet. In cohort studies, pain and bloating were significantly reduced after treatment compared to baseline diet. We conclude that there is evidence that a low FODMAP diet may have beneficial effects mainly on the symptoms of IBS, especially abdominal pain and bloating as well as other disease entities characterized by similar clinical symptoms. This diet is very restrictive, so it is necessary to consult a specialist (dietician/gastroenterologist) in order to prepare it in a rational and harmless way. Such drastic nutritional restrictions may contribute to numerous deficiencies, which makes it very difficult to balance this diet on your own. Patients following a low FODMAP diet should also bear in mind that the initial phase of the diet-the elimination phase-is a kind of diagnostic test as to whether a given patient will show sensitivity to FODMAPs. After the 2-6 week exclusion trial, the patient should be directed to gradually introduce products with different FODMAP content, observing the body's reaction to their presence in the diet. Unfortunately, numerous studies show that not every person with gastrointestinal diseases will respond positively to this form of therapy. Nonetheless, scientists place great hope in the low FODMAP method when it comes to alleviating persistent discomfort (i.e. bloating, constipation, abdominal pain), which can significantly reduce the comfort and quality of life. Further research into the long term effects of low FODMAP diets is ongoing.