Research Article, Res J Econ Vol: 2 Issue: 3

Investigation on Non-Oil Export Developing Obstacles Case Study (Exporter of Mazandaran Province)

Mahdinia M^*

Department of Management, Islamic Azad University of Babol, Iran

*Corresponding Author : Mahdinia M
Department of Management, Islamic Azad University of Babol, Iran
Tel: +989113000169
E-mail: majid.mahdinia1987@gmail.com

Received: April 23, 2018 Accepted: May 11, 2018 Published: May 18, 2018

Citation: Mahdinia M (2018) Investigation on Non-Oil Export Developing Obstacles Case Study (Exporter of Mazandaran Province). Res J Econ 2:3.

Abstract

Keywords: Non-oil export; Obstacles of export; Mazandaran province; RCA index

Introduction

Today developing non-oil export is one of the most important strategies for developing countries which regard economic growth programs for their selves. Based on theoretical subjects, growth of international trade has considerable role in trend of countries for developing; with regarding to deterioration of materials in international trade and being non-oil products as the only source for growing national production and increasing foreign exchange earnings, thereby regarding to non-oil export is national necessity.

Problem expression

Research sphere is investigate on non-oil export barriers in Mazandaran province and analyzing obstacles according to their priority, influence of export function for surmounting obstacles, exploring superior view point of relative organizations such as chamber of commerce, industries and mines, organization of commerce and exporters to identifying obstacles better and operate for overcoming them according to exploring priorities. This research tries to respond this main question that what are the main challenges about non-oil export in Mazandaran province? And how are the alternatives for quitting from this condition?

Research objectives

Investigation on non-oil export of Mazandaran province based on superior exporters of province

Investigation on obeying fixed export policy for non-oil export of Mazandaran province base on superior exporters

Investigation on products quality adaption with needs of market consumers for non-oil exports of Mazandaran province based on superior exporters

Hypothesis

Non-oil export is acceptable based on superior exporters of Mazandaran province

Non-oil export obey fixed export policy based on superior exporters of Mazandaran

There is adaptation of products quality with needs of consumption markets based on superior exporters of Mazandaran province

Variables

Challenges of non-oil export in Mazandaran province is the main variable in this research. For making measurements easy and thereby finding challenges and classification them this variable is divided into 3 special variables that those are: obeying fixed export policy, lack of bureaucracy and excessive formalities and awareness of market developments.

Literacy of research

Iran is an important country according to trade and economy and from the past time had trade relation with neighbor’s countries. Iranian traders either before Islam or after that had reputation and transacted with China, India, Byzantine and Roma; so this trades due to long time had various type of happenings, sometimes for authority of government and domestic security be boosted or sometimes for rebel and civil commotion be debilitated [1].

Territory is included middle east, middle Asia and Caucasus that because of bipolar system collapse and existence of ample amount of hydro carbon has acute arena condition; also, international condition is appeared to be public where has not direct effect on relations, operations and activities though has indirect effect on it. Since 1931 that department of commerce has established and international trade has coped by government exclusively, different types of promotion has given to developing export till in 1939 to 1941 export rate was more than import about 200 million Rials; existence of different capacities for colleagues to developing markets and joint area ventures [2].

Goldstein and khan in an article investigated supply and demand function in 8 countries Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, England and United States of America during 1955-1970 with simultaneous equation system. Their research results have shown all price elasticity in export demand function (except Japan) has negative sign and income elasticity for all cases has positive sign. Also base on prediction has done export rate in all supply function is positive (except Japan) and statistically were significant [3].

Overall function of America export has significant and positive effect on beneficiaries and productive groups in America; in addition, necessity of knowing relation between governmental credits can help to step up export function of America, because this subject can have important effect on export [4].

Vixon have investigated alternatives to step up trade and export function in America. Their study has shown after curbing trade, effective factors have positive effect on export function thereby knowing effective factors about export is essential [5]. Results of mentioned study show that direct foreign investment depends on its effectiveness on export.

Overall strategies for expanding non-oil export in province

Using IT and E commerce

Changing bank system for using e commerce and setting up international credit cards fractionally

Performing commerce law proportion to WTO (world trade organization)

Equipped transportation fleet and custom for spurting non-oil export

Barriers due to non-oil export

There are a lot of controversies about obstacles of non-oil export and experts of economy have opined which mentioned. Payam Noor University will explain:

Information problems in trade and economy specially in different export market (needs, interests)

Low quality of export products and lack of permanent exposure

Lack of producer innovation for changing shape of products and lack of attention to design products suitable with wanted and interested of consumer.

Disqualification of packaging

Over price of some Iranian production

Disregarding to aim countries standards [6]

Disregarding to after sales service [6]

Unable to use Iranian products brochure and catalog because of their Farsi language

Expensive cost of advertisement and marketing in aim countries and inability of Iranian exporters to expense for them

Entry some profitable and unprofessional people in export field and exporting some inferiority products [7]

Instability of law, bureaucracy and regulation

Law problems for commuting international businessmen to Iran and vice versa

Lack of competent experts for marketing and export

Excessive export of spoilt products tend to boundary markets

Importance of non-oil export barriers

Non-oil export chronically has mentioned as one of the most important worries of every statesman and it has special consideration at first, second, third and fourth development policy of Iran. In this case there is some serious problem:

West restriction against Iran and possibility to step up them

Consumption life and lack of producing culture for majority of Iranian people

Chosen objects for development cannot provide essential spurt

Lack of innovation of producers to change models and design products according to consumers interest

Disaffiliation of interior producer in international commerce organizations and world custom [8]

Research methodology

Research methodology is surveying, indeed researcher descripts the variable. Descriptive methods define as methods that aim to descript condition with under investigate phenomenon. Initially, we wield basic methods for both total and abstract thesis and then we use basic knowledge about integrating systems [9].

In this research main lane for collecting data is authenticities and questionnaire which is explained below:

Questions of questionnaire are completely specialized which are 51 questions and for each variable has designed 17 questions. Planning of questions is easy to understand for responders and questionnaire is kind of close questionnaire and questions have Likert speculum. Significant rate of questions are divided to completely disagree (the least) and completely agree (the most).

Total sample of ranking has shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Speculum of questionnaire response.

Research reliability

Reliability coefficient of research has calculated according to Cronbach’s Alpha in export trade market of Mazandaran province. For reliability of questionnaire in this research, introductory performance has done for 30% of samples and 0/74 has caught which means questionnaire has interior stability and monotonous.

Conceptual model

For doing this research, there are different types of conceptual models which can be used for choosing evaluating index, in fact according to enquires one of the most complete models is exposed in 2008 by Mirza Hassan under the name of the book “export and import management” published by Payam Noor university that we used it for this research: Figure 1.

As the figure shows there are 17 variables in conceptual model that research has worked and investigate on 3 of interior variable of this. Analyzing of data will be shown below with explanations of them.

Data analyze

Hypothesis 1: Non-oil export is acceptable base on superior exporters of Mazandaran province (Table 2).

Table 2: Statistical feature of export acceptance.

Average of this factor is 2/54 and standard deviation is 0/62 (Table 3).

Table 3: t test for export acceptance.

Interpretation

As table shows t has caught (-5.714) and it is more than t of table; so, significance even with the gauge of 99% (1 percent failure) is the possibility for accuracy, it means this kind of difference is not accidently. The concept of that is difference of non-oil export acceptance from Likert average is significant. Negative sign of average difference shows that real average is less than Likert average; indeed it can be mentioned that non-oil export has not good enough acceptance between exporters and it is one of the obstacles for superior exporter to export

Hypothesis 2: Non-oil export obey fixed export policy based on superior exporters of Mazandaran (Table 4).

Table 4: Statistical feature of fix export policy.

Average of this factor is 2/91 and standard deviation is 0/65 (Table 5).

Table 5: t test for fixed export policy.

Interpretation

As table shows t has caught (-2.829) and it is more than t of table; so, significance even with the gauge of 99% (1 percent failure) is the possibility for accuracy, it means this kind of difference is not accidently. The concept of that is difference of obeying fixed export policy from Li

kert average is significant. Negative sign of average difference shows that real average is less than Likert average; indeed it can be mentioned that obeying fixed export policy is one of the obstacles for superior exporter to export.

Hypothesis 3: There is adaptation of products quality with needs of consumption markets based on superior exporters of Mazandaran province (Table 6).

Table 6: Statistical feature of Adaptation of product quality.

Average of this factor is 2/07 and standard deviation is 0/71 (Table 7).

Table 7: t test for Adaptation of product quality.

Interpretation

As table shows t has caught (-8.258) and it is more than t of table; so, significance even with the gauge of 99% (1 percent failure) is the possibility for accuracy, it means this kind of difference is not accidently. The concept of that is difference of adaptation of products quality with needs of consumption markets from Likert average is significant. Negative sign of average difference shows that real average is less than Likert average; indeed it can be mentioned that adaptation of products quality with needs of consumption markets is one of the obstacles for superior exporter to export.

Conclusion

This research has done base on 3 hypothesis and according to statistical analysis has been done by SPSS software with using of T test method; it is appeared that average sum of caught data are less than moderate average. Analyzing data shows that these 3 factors from nonoil export obstacles are known as problems; thereby non-oil export in Mazandaran province has difficulties like some those mentioned here. This research has done by a main question and 3 hypotheses.

Based on research literacy and main question of research we can mention to 5 effective factors include policy, export culture, export economy, export diplomacy and macro thinking about export. First aim or question of this research was identifying main obstacle factors of non-oil export in Mazandaran and these 5 factors can be develop province when are performed and can be as challenge of development for province if are not performed.

This research is adapted with law, Azman-Saini et al. [10], Goldstein and Khan [3], Harb [8], Mervar [11], Zafar [6], Khosravi [1], Prasanna [12], Madhooshi and Tari [13]; while it approves other researches, too and base on overall survey it is exactly compliance with Nahmood et al. [14], Mehrizi [7].

References

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