Marine Compounds Neuroprotective Properties and the Effects on Neurodegenerative Diseases

Marsh Zunnan

Short Communication, J Mar Biol Oceanogr Vol: 12 Issue: 2

Marine Compounds Neuroprotective Properties and the Effects on Neurodegenerative Diseases

Marsh Zunnan^*

Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, United States of America

*Corresponding Author: Marsh Zunnan
Department of Pharmacology Midwestern University
Downers Grove, United States of America
E-mail: marshzunnan@mu51.edu

Received date: 22 March, 2023, Manuscript No. JMBO-23-98974;
Editor assigned date: 24 March, 2023, PreQC No. JMBO-23-98974 (PQ);
Reviewed date: 07 April, 2023, QC No. JMBO-23-98974;
Revised date: 14 April, 2023, Manuscript No. JMBO-23-98974 (R);
Published date: 21 April, 2023, DOI: 10.4172/2324-8661.1000259

Citation: Zunnan M (2023) Marine Compounds Neuroprotective Properties and the Effects on Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Mar Biol Oceanogr 12:2.

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Description

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease, pose significant challenges to global healthcare systems. The search for effective treatments and preventive strategies has led to explore the vast potential of marine compounds [1]. The diverse marine ecosystem provides a rich source of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties. The oceans teem with a vast array of organisms that produce bioactive compounds with remarkable neuroprotective properties. Marine compounds such as alkaloids, peptides, polyphenols, terpenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids have demonstrated potent effects in protecting neurons from degeneration and promoting brain health [2]. For instance, marine alkaloids, including bryostatins, have shown promising neuroprotective effects by enhancing neuronal survival, promoting synaptic plasticity, and reducing neuroinflammation. Peptides derived from marine organisms, such as conotoxins, exhibit neuroprotective activities by modulating ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors.

Marine-derived polyphenols, such as phlorotannins found in brown seaweeds, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, shielding neurons from oxidative stress and reducing neuroinflammation [3,4]. Terpenoids, including those isolated from marine sponges and soft corals, demonstrate neuroprotective effects through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids, particularly Eicosa Pentaenoic Acid (EPA) and DocosaHexaenoic Acid (DHA) found in certain marine organisms, exhibit neuroprotective properties by reducing neuroinflammation, promoting neuronal membrane fluidity, and enhancing synaptic plasticity [5].

Marine compounds exert their neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms. Some compounds act as antioxidants, counteracting oxidative stress and reducing neuronal damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Others inhibit neuroinflammation by modulating inflammatory signaling pathways and reducing the production of pro-inflammatory molecules [6]. Additionally, marine compounds can promote neuronal survival and enhance synaptic plasticity, crucial processes for maintaining cognitive function. They can modulate neurotransmitter receptors, neurotrophic factors, and signalling pathways involved in cell survival, synaptic transmission, and neuronal growth.

Implications for neurodegenerative diseases

The neuroprotective properties of marine compounds have significant implications for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases [7]. For instance, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles. Marine compounds with anti-aggregating properties hold promise in preventing or reducing the formation of these pathological features. In Parkinson's disease, the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates contribute to motor symptoms. Marine compounds that modulate protein aggregation and exert neuroprotective effects could potentially slow down disease progression or ameliorate symptoms [8]. Moreover, marine compounds may have a role in mitigating other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), by targeting specific mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis [9]. For example, marine compounds that possess anti-inflammatory properties can help alleviate neuro inflammation, which plays a vital role in the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases.

The potential implications of marine compounds extend beyond symptomatic relief. Their neuroprotective properties provide the possibility of disease-modifying effects by targeting underlying mechanisms and pathways involved in neurodegeneration [10]. By preserving neuronal function, promoting synaptic plasticity, and reducing neuroinflammation, these compounds have the potential to slow down or halt disease progression, providing hope for effective therapeutic interventions [11]. While the neuroprotective potential of marine compounds is promising, several challenges need to be addressed. Obtaining sufficient quantities of these compounds for drug development can be challenging, considering the limited availability of certain marine organisms and the complexity of extracting and synthesizing bioactive compounds. Additionally, ensuring the safety and efficacy of these compounds requires rigorous preclinical and clinical testing to understand their pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and potential side effects.

Conclusion

The neuroprotective properties of marine compounds provide exciting prospects for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Their diverse mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregating properties, provide a multi-faceted approach to combat neurodegeneration. Although challenges exist, continued studies, collaboration, and responsible practices can pave the way for harnessing the potential of these marine compounds. With further exploration and development, these compounds may be the pathway to release new therapeutic interventions and improving the lives of individuals affected by neurodegenerative diseases.