Evaluation of immune response by using different chitosan molecule to preparing inactivated avian influenza (H9N2) vaccine
I Khalili, S Sadigh-Eteghad, R Ghadimipour, M Fathi Najafi, M M Ebrahimi, N Godsian, Y Sefidi Heris and M T Khalili
Khalili, S Sadigh-Eteghad, R Ghadimipour, M Fathi Najafi, M M Ebrahimi, N Godsian, Y Sefidi Heris and M T Khalili
: J Pharm Drug Deliv Res
Abstract
Background: Influenza A is a virus that affecting a wide range of animals and human beings. Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes (H9N2) has the potential campaign to create an influenza pandemy and vaccination is a common solution for this problem. The vaccine used for rapid intervention should be safe to use and highly effective after a single administration. This study was conducted to investigate the immune response by using two kinds of Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) molecule as an adjuvant in SPF chickens. CNP did not cause any mortality or side effects when chickens were administered by prepared vaccine. Inactivated (A/H9N2) AIV was mixed with chitosan of low molecular weight. Chickens were monitored for the efficacy of the nanoparticles and also their immune response. Objectives: This study aimed at the evaluation and better understanding of optimum concentration of chitosan nanoparticle preparations and also assessment of loading capacity of AIV into chitosan nanoparticles. By preparing of chitosan nanoparticle as an adjuvant in viral vaccine in current study, chitosan nanoparticles were added to inactivated influenza vaccines. The results strongly showed that this novel vaccine significantly enhances the immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccine, comparing with ISA70 (SEPPIC adjuvant that used routinely in the RVSRI) to reduce ISA70’s side effects. Also, chitosan nanoparticles represent an interesting new platform for antigen delivery and promising adjuvant candidate for H9N2 inactivated influenza vaccine. Materials & Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles have already been recommended as a new adjuvant for inactivated avian influenza (H9N2) vaccine immunization. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared according to modified ionic gelation method and inactivated antigen was loaded in 4 haemagglutinin Unit (HAU) concentrations. Loading capacity of nanoparticles was determined by Haemagglutination (HA) method. Results: For measurement of vaccine-antibody response, different kinds of chitosan nanoparticles were injected intramuscularly to 21-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens (SPF). Vaccine induced AIV-specific antibodies after a single dose administration and then follow up was carried out for 7 weeks after vaccination by using haemagglutinin Inhibition (HI) test. Conclusion: Therefore, these kinds of vaccines produced using chitosan nanoparticles induce appropriate antibody titers after a single immunization and with a low dose of antigen. Chitosan nanoparticles also represent an interesting new platform for antigen delivery and a promising adjuvant candidate for H9N2 inactivated influenza vaccine.
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