Advances and Challenges in Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most transformative approaches in modern medicine, offering targeted and durable treatment options for various cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. By harnessing and modulating the body’s immune system, immunotherapy provides a promising alternative to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation. This article discusses the principles of immunotherapy, its major types, current clinical applications, and the challenges associated with its use. Recent advances, including checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cell therapy, and personalized immunotherapies, highlight the growing potential of this field. Despite hurdles like toxicity, treatment resistance, and high cost, ongoing research continues to expand therapeutic options and improve patient outcomes.