Advances in Biologic Therapies for Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder characterized by erythematous, scaly plaques, significantly impacting quality of life. Traditional systemic therapies, such as methotrexate and cyclosporine, offer varying degrees of symptom control but are limited by adverse effects and loss of efficacy over time. Biologic therapies have revolutionized psoriasis management by specifically targeting cytokines and immune pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. Agents targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-12/23, IL-17, and IL-23 have demonstrated high efficacy, improved safety profiles, and sustained long-term disease control. This review discusses the mechanisms, clinical trial evidence, and comparative effectiveness of biologic therapies in moderate-to-severe psoriasis, along with future perspectives in personalized dermatologic care.