Advances in Immunotherapy for Chronic Psoriasis: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Prospects

Chronic psoriasis, a prevalent immune-mediated skin disorder, is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and systemic inflammation. Over the last decade, immunotherapy has transformed its management, targeting specific immune pathways with unprecedented precision. This review explores the mechanistic basis of novel immunotherapeutic agents, evaluates their clinical efficacy, and discusses future innovations such as personalized medicine approaches. Advances in monoclonal antibodies, cytokine inhibitors, and small-molecule modulators have substantially improved disease outcomes, with many patients achieving sustained remission. However, challenges remain regarding longterm safety, cost-effectiveness, and equitable access to treatment. Integrating biomarker-guided therapy and novel delivery systems holds promise for improving patient care and reducing disease burden.