Gene Therapy for Solid Tumors: Current Strategies and Clinical Applications

Gene therapy has emerged as a powerful tool in oncology, offering novel ways to treat solid tumors by directly modifying genetic material within tumor cells or the surrounding microenvironment. Techniques such as viral vector-mediated gene delivery, RNA interference, and genome editing provide targeted strategies to restore tumor suppressor function or inhibit oncogenes. This article reviews the current landscape of gene therapy in solid tumors, highlighting delivery methods, clinical applications, and challenges to implementation. Despite limitations, gene therapy holds significant promise for individualized cancer treatment.