Study and Applications of Laser Light

This work gives an idea about the originality of laser beams and how we benefit from them in the treatment and the recovery of patients. Some of the important medical lasers are NeodymiumYAG Laser (Nd: YAG) is used in laparoscopic surgery, the Carbon Dioxide Laser (CO2) is one of the most widely used in surgical operation especially in gynecologic surgery. Moreover it is used as scalpel, the Argon Laser (Ar+) is used for ophthalmology and the Dye Laser is recently used in the treatment of cancer tumor. We know that Argon and Dye Lasers beams produce intense visible light that can be seen by the naked eye. For this reason they can be easily controlled and directed by the surgeons and physician. But beams of Carbon Dioxide and YAG Lasers are invisible and they are located in the Zone of the infrared region. For this reason we use the beams of Helium Neon lasers that have red colour with energy very low. So we use these lasers simultaneously with the above mentioned lasers beams to allow the operator to adjust spot size and operation distances efficiently. This enables the surgeons and physicians to accomplish more serious operations and to obtain more satisfactory results. From the field study of the laser instruments used in ophthalmology hospitals in Khartoum State it’s clear that the laser instruments used there are, Argon Laser, Yag Laser and Excimer Laser Instruments.