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John Klir Author
Subjects of specialization
Affiliation
physiology, medicine
Professor at American University of Barbados School of Medicine, Barbados
John Klir completed his PhD in physiology from University of Illinois, MD from Saba University School of Medicine, and postgraduate training from University of Michigan School of Medicine in areas of immune-pathophysiology, namely roles of cytokines as pro-inflammatory mediators. His work resulted in significant contribution to area of cytokine research, as evidenced by multiple publications.
Short Communication Open Access
Author(s): John Klir
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common non-communicable disease affecting people in all parts of the world. This irreversible condition is slowly progressing and causes significant morbidity and mortality. General manifestations include shortness of breath, cough, sputum production, airway obstruction resulting in decreased expiratory air flow, abnormal breath sounds, barrel chest, pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, peripheral edema, and increased central venous pressure. Severity of COPD is determined by measuring forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). COPD is associated with development of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchiolitis, with relative contribution of each differing between patients. Main causes of COPD include cigarette smoking, exposure... view moreĀ»