Journal of Spine & NeurosurgeryISSN: 2325-9701

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Editorial, J Spine Neurosurg Vol: 0 Issue: 0

Brain Stimulation for Basal Ganglia Disorders

Connie Pidgeon1 and Andrea Eugenio Cavanna1,2*
1The Michael Trimble Neuropsychiatry Research Group, Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT and University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
2Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology and University College London, United Kingdom
Corresponding author : Dr. Andrea Eugenio Cavanna MD PhD
Department of Neuropsychiatry, The Barberry National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham B15 2FG, United Kingdom
Tel +44 121 3012317; Fax +44 121 3012291
E-mail: a.cavanna@ion.ucl.ac.uk
Received: June 16, 2012 Accepted: June 18, 2012 Published: June 20, 2012
Citation: Pidgeon1 C, Cavanna AE (2012) Brain Stimulation for Basal Ganglia Disorders. J Spine Neurosurg 1:1. doi:10.4172/2325-9701.1000e102

Abstract

Brain Stimulation for Basal Ganglia Disorders

The basal ganglia (BG) have long been considered a purely motor region of the brain. However, over the last couple of decades it has progressively become clear that BG are central components of different cortical-subcortical circuits, described on a basic level as ‘motor’, ‘oculomotor’, ‘associative’ and ‘limbic’, according to the function of the cortical regions involved. In turn, each circuit encompasses multiple, functionally and anatomically distinct subcircuits. Dysfunction within these segregated circuits has been shown to cause BG disorders. Specifically, Parkinson disease (PD) and dystonia, are thought to arise from disturbances within the BGthalamo- cortical motor circuitry, whilst Tourette syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), seem to be related to abnormalities within the limbic circuitry. There is also a degree of overlap between the motor and behavioural sides of BG disorders, as conditions like PD and TS are characterised by both movement disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

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