Short Communication, Int J Ophthalmic Vol: 9 Issue: 4
A Short Note on Glaucoma
Akhila Sabbineni*
Department of Microbiology, Andhra University, India
*Corresponding Author: Akhila Sabbineni
Department of Microbiology, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, India
E-mail: akhilasabbineni777@gmail.com
Received: July 20, 2020 Accepted: September 23, 2020 Published: September 28, 2020
Citation: Akhila Sabbineni (2020) A short note on Glaucoma. Int J Ophthalmic Pathol 9:4.. doi: 10.37532/iopj.2020.9(4).e244
Abstract
Glaucoma is an eye disorder that can damage the optic nerve. The optic nerve supplies visual information to your brain from the eyes. Glaucoma is usually, results of abnormally high pressure inside your eye. Over time, the increased pressure can erode optic nerve tissue, which may lead to vision loss or blindness. If it’s treated early, you may be able to prevent additional vision loss.
Keywords: Glaucoma, Ophthalmology
Introduction
The most likely type of glaucoma is primary open-angle glaucoma. It has no signs or symptoms except vision loss. For that reason, it is important for you go to yearly comprehensive eye exams so your ophthalmologist, or eye specialist, can monitor any changes in your vision
Symptoms
Acute-angle closure glaucoma, which is also called as narrow-angle glaucoma, is a medical emergency. See your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms:
• severe eye pain
• nausea
• vomiting
• redness in your eye
• sudden vision disturbances
• seeing colored rings around lights
• sudden blurred vision
The eye continuously makes a clear fluid called aqueous humor. As this fluid is made, it fills the front part of your eye. Then, it leaves your eye through channels in your cornea and iris. If these channels are blocked or partially obstructed, the natural pressure in your eye, which is called the intraocular pressure (IOP), may increase. As your IOP increases, your optic nerve may become damaged. As damage to your nerve progresses, you may begin losing sight in your eye
Causes
What causes the pressure in your eye is not always known. dilating eye drops
• blocked or restricted drainage in your eye
• medications, such as corticosteroids
• less or reduced blood flow to your optic nerve
• high or elevated blood pressure
Five major types of glaucoma exist. These are:
Open-Angle (Chronic) Glaucoma: Open-angle, or chronic, glaucoma has no signs and symptoms except gradual vision loss. This loss is slow that your vision can suffer irreparable damage before any other signs become apparent. This is the most common type of glaucoma.
Angle-Closure (Acute) Glaucoma: If the flow of your aqueous humor fluid is suddenly blocked, the rapid buildup of fluid may cause a severe, quick, and painful increase in pressure. Angle-closure glaucoma is an emergency situation. You should consult your doctor immediately if you begin experiencing symptoms, such as severe pain, nausea, and blurred vision.
Congenital Glaucoma: Children born with congenital glaucoma have a defect in the angle of their eyes, which slows or prevents normal fluid drainage. Congenital glaucoma usually presents with symptoms, such as cloudy eyes, excessive tearing, or sensitivity to light. Congenital glaucoma can run in families.
Secondary Glaucoma: This journal is having Secondary glaucoma is often a side effect of injury or another eye condition, such as cataracts or tumors. Medicines, like corticosteroids, may also cause this type of glaucoma. Rarely, eye surgery will cause secondary glaucoma
Normal Tension Glaucoma: In some cases, people without the eye pressure develop damage to their optic nerve. The cause of this isn’t known. The extreme sensitivity or a lack of blood flow to optic nerve may be a factor in this type of glaucoma
Risk Factors: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness throughout the world. The risk factors for glaucoma include
Age: People over 60 are at increased risk of glaucoma and the risk of glaucoma increases slightly with increase of age. If you’re African-American, your increase in risk begins at age of 40
Eye Problems: Chronic eye inflammation and thin corneas can lead to increased pressure in your eyes. Physical injury or trauma to your eye, can also cause your eye pressure to increase.
Use of Certain Medicine: Using corticosteroids for extended periods may increase the risk of developing secondary glaucoma
Conclusion
To diagnose glaucoma, your ophthalmologist will want to perform a comprehensive eye examination They will check for signs of deterioration, including loss of nerve tissue. They may also use one or more of the following tests and procedures.
