Editorial, J Genetic Gene Ther Vol: 5 Issue: 4
A Short Notes on Gene Therapy
Bahram Alamdary Badlou*
Department of Genetics, Utrecht University, Netherlands
*Corresponding Author: Bahram Alamdary Badlou Department of Genetics, Utrecht University, Netherlands, E-Mail: bahramalmadraybh@hotmail.com
Received: December 09, 2021; Accepted: December 23, 2021; Published: December 30, 2021
Keywords: Gene therapy, genetically altering
Introduction
Gene therapy is a treatment field that focuses on genetically altering cells which produce a medicinal effect or the treatment of illnesses by trying to repair or rebuilding defective genetic information. Martin Cline made attempts to alter DNA in 1980, but first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans, endorsed by the National Institutes of Health, occurred in May 1989. In a trial that began in September 1990, French Anderson conducted the first therapeutic use of gene delivery and also the first direct implantation of Dna Molecules into the genetic material. It is assumed to be capable of curing or treating many genetic diseases over time. The goal of gene therapy is to address a genetic problem at its root. If, for example, a mutation in a specific gene results in the production of a dysfunctional protein, arising (usually recessively) in a hereditary condition, gene therapy can be used to produce a copy of this gene which does not contain the deleterious mutation, leading to the production of a protein product. This method is known as gene replacement therapy, and it is used to treat inherited eye diseases. Whereas the concept of gene replacement therapy is still most appropriate for gene mutation diseases, novel strategies for treating conditions with a predominate inheritance pattern have been proposed. CRISPR genetic manipulation has opened up new avenues for its implementation and utilization in gene therapy because, rather than simply replacing a gene, it allows again for adjustment of a particular genetic defect. In the long term, remedies to medical challenges, like the eradication of latent immune deficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs and the adjustment of the gene that causes sickle cell disease, may be available as a treatment approach. Prosthetic gene therapy seeks to allow cells in the body to perform tasks that they would not intend to perform. One example is eyesight recovery gene therapy, which aims to restore vision in patients with end-stage retinal diseases. End-stage ocular diseases cause irreversible loss of photoreceptor cells, the retina's primary light-sensitive cells. Sensitive to light proteins are produced into the residual photoreceptor cells via prosthetic gene therapy, making them light sensitive and allowing them to signal visual signals to the brain. Clinical trials are currently underway, Not all surgical treatments that modify a patient's genetic makeup can be classified as regenerative medicine. Foreign DNA has indeed been found to be introduced into patients via bone marrow transplantation and organ transplants in overall. Clinical studies are currently underway, As part of their replication cycle, all viruses bind to their hosts and start introducing their genetic information into the host cell. This genetic information contains the basic 'directions' on how to replicate these viruses by hacking the body's natural manufacturing machines and equipment to start serving the virus's needs. The host organism will bring out these directions and start producing more copies of the virus, infecting more and more cells. Some viruses insert their genome into the nucleus of the host but do not enter cells. Others, disguised as protein complexes, pass through the cell membrane and enter cells.