Commentary, J Electr Eng Electron Technol Vol: 11 Issue: 4
An Optimized Architecture for Hardware Implementation of Decimal System
Imran Khan*
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Banaras Hindu, Ajagara, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
*Corresponding Author:Imran Khan
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Banaras Hindu, Ajagara, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Email: khanran@gmail.com
Received date: 09 March, 2022, Manuscript No. JEEET-22-61640;
Editor assigned date: 11 March, 2022; PreQC No. JEEET-22-61640 (PQ);
Reviewed date: 21 March, 2022, QC No. JEEET-22-61640;
Revised date: 29 March, 2022, Manuscript No. JEEET-22-61640 (R);
Published date: 13 April, 2022, DOI: 10.4172/jeeet.1000902.
Citation: Imran K (2022) An Optimized Architecture for Hardware Implementation of Decimal System. J Electr Eng Electron Technol 11:4.
Keywords: Arithmetic Operations
Description
People have historically used decimal arithmetic because of having ten arms. Early computers inclusive of gadget software and system used decimal mathematics as properly. Later generations of computer systems adopted binary mathematics because of the relative simplicity and excessive overall performance of binary circuits. But decimal mathematics has visible a renewed interest in recent years as researchers have centered on greater green hardware implementation of decimal mathematics in computer systems. One of the number one reasons for the usage of decimal arithmetic is to conquer a major trouble of binary arithmetic, namely its inaccuracy in representing a few non-integer decimal numbers together with digits which could cause unacceptable mistakes in economic and industrial packages. For example, it has been mentioned that in a large telephone billing machine, using binary arithmetic as opposed to decimal can result in an estimated annual loss of up to five million bucks. The significance of decimal arithmetic in recent years has multiplied to the volume that the standard for floating-point mathematics consists of specs for decimal floating-factor mathematics. In this popular, two decimal number codecs for both software program and hardware implementations of decimal mathematics are supplied. Binary Integer decimal is proposed for software program implementation of decimal arithmetic and is used in IBM modules and Intel DFP Math Library. Those implementations can remove the incorrect representation mistakes but they're generally sluggish and inefficient densely packed decimal is recommended for hardware implementation of decimal mathematics and is used in machines which have committed decimal hardware gadgets, like IBM power and device processors and Fujitsu SPARC processor own family since the transistor density on semiconductor chips has elevated dramatically in recent years, decimal hardware implementations commonly do not incur a considerable fee whilst presenting superior accuracy and higher overall performance. As a result, decimal hardware answers are gaining prominence in both academia and enterprise.
Diverse hardware implementations had been proposed to help decimal arithmetic. These implementations are typically special purpose hardware gadgets that their usage is limited to the particular utility they were designed for. However, there are reviews of the use of reconfigurable devices, which include field-Programmable gate arrays for decimal mathematics as properly. The incentive for those works is frequently the first-rate flexibility and high overall performance of modern-day contemporary in conjunction with the inclusion of numerous embedded binary arithmetic units together with embedded multipliers on these devices. As a result, inflexible utility-specific integrated circuit realizations might also not be very attractive alternatives. But, in relation to decimal mathematics, the current technology fails to offer green answers for decimal mathematics and very lengthy integers used in economic or accounting programs. Moreover, the architectural traits of current system make it tough to put in force many familiar decimal arithmetic algorithms, including decimal tree adders, on them. Consequently, there may be a popular trend toward bendy designs amongst hardware and device designers. This fashion is mainly driven by the ever-changing market demands and design specs. Consequently, to deal with those situations, designers regularly try to embed some shape of pliability or configurability in their designs. As a result, it would be achievable to envisage a reconfigurable architecture designed and optimized for excessive performance realization of decimal mathematics operations. Such structure might provide machine designers with an enormous flexibility without a considerable compromise on the performance.
Implementation of Decimal Arithmetic Operations
In all Hardware and software implementations of decimal arithmetic have resurfaced in latest years to triumph over the constraints of binary mathematics. Traditionally, decimal mathematics devices had been designed as application-specific hardware modules. But there is an emerging trend in the direction of the layout and implementation of decimal arithmetic operations on reconfigurable systems. Robot computational sources encompass on-board computer systems or embedded computing devices, reminiscence and hard drives. In a multi-robotic gadget, even though a robot can assign computational responsibilities to different robots inside the network, the aid boundaries of a robot largely affect the performance and functionality of the complete robot gadget all through the execution of complicated obligations. The information carried by robot is limited by its statistics processing ability, storage space size, type and quantity of sensors. On the other hand, a multi-robot cooperative gadget presents global cooperation through coordinated facts exchange but its records processing is frequently confined through the wide variety of robots in the community topology. In static surroundings, a multi robotic system might reap better overall performance as time elapses. But, if the running environment adjustments, even partially, the robots ought to restart the gaining knowledge of method. The mixture of cloud computing and business robots opened a brand new way for robot project execution and aid sharing, which has turn out to be a brand new hotspot in robotics research. Cloud robotics is an area of studies that attempts to invoke cloud technologies, together with cloud computing, cloud storage and other net technology focused on the advantages of converged infrastructure and shared offerings for robotics. The advent of clouds has completely modified the authentic topology and interaction mechanisms, at the same time as the creation of the interactions among robots and clouds has significantly improved the power and extensibility of undertaking scheduling. Whilst a robotics’ computational assets or garage aren't appropriate for local execution, the robotic can add the venture to the cloud thru the furnished interface so as to overcome the useful resource constraints.
Mechanism for Robotic Obligations
At the same time, due to the big storage sources of the cloud, theoretically, the data mastering capability is no longer a restriction. By interacting with the cloud, the robotic nodes can download data, effectively overcoming the robotics’ data and mastering obstacles. The robust computational electricity of the cloud server can make amends for the constrained computational energy of the robot device. Due to exclusive duties’ complexity and distinctive software situations, there's no popular scheduling mechanism for robotic obligations execution. Further, due to dynamic community capabilities and differences in actual-time necessities of duties, the choice of a scheduling mechanism significantly affects the quality of task execution. Robot agencies with distinct responsibilities have big variations of their paintings environments, conversation sign strengths, community robustness, sign-to-noise ratio and different characteristics. Therefore, conversation regularly has time-varying characteristics. For collaborative paintings of robotic corporations, in addition for collaboration among robots and different intelligent devices and merchandise, the dynamic optimization of the community provider satisfactory is vital for a hit project of completion. The industrial robots still face some problems, including restricted calculation and storage resources, constraints of records and mastering potential, and boundaries of verbal exchange ability. In an effort to resolve those problems, cloud robotics became delivered. In this paper, the cloud robotics had been analyzed from specific backgrounds, together with cloud computing and massive records. The standard packages of cloud robotics display that the widespread computational and storage troubles may be basically. Accordingly, binary-tree-based algorithms are considered more suitable for addressing this issue, which includes algorithms based totally on question timber, binary queries, quad tree queries, and many others. For instance, an adjusted hybrid tree approach has been proposed for warding off collisions by using an adjusted tree based on the maximum bits. An adaptive collision tree method has also been proposed to lessen query times by question strings, which might be used to dynamically adjust the tree. However, binary-tree-based totally algorithms are not capable of acquire excessive performance because of their time-consuming identification, increased idle timeslots and collision timeslots.
