Short Communication, J Physiother Rehabi Vol: 7 Issue: 2
Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypotrophy on Active People and Athletes
Dian Dougal*
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
*Corresponding Author: Dian Dougal
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
E-mail: diandoug@gmail.com
Received date: 22 March, 2023, Manuscript No. JPTR-23-99183;
Editor assigned date: 24 March, 2023, Pre QC. JPTR-23-99183 (PQ);
Reviewed date: 15 April, 2023, QC No. JPTR-23-99183;
Revised date: 22 April, 2023, Manuscript No. JPTR-23-99183 (R);
Published date: 28 April, 2023, DOI: 10.4172/JPTR.1000124
Citation: Dougal D (2023) Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypotrophy on Active People and Athletes. J Physiother Rehabi 7:2.
Description
Skeletal muscle hypotrophy, or the loss of muscle mass and strength, can occur due to a variety of reasons such as injury, illness, aging, and inactivity. While it can affect anyone, it can have a significant impact on active individuals and athletes.
Loss of muscle strength and endurance
One of the primary effects of skeletal muscle hypotrophy is a significant loss of muscle strength and endurance. When the muscle mass decreases, the force that can be produced by the muscles also decreases. This can make it difficult for athletes to perform their sport at the same level of intensity as before. Additionally, with decreased endurance, athletes may not be able to perform for as long or with the same intensity as they were able to before [1,2].
Increased risk of injury
Skeletal muscle hypotrophy can also increase the risk of injury. When the muscles are weaker, they may not be able to withstand the same level of stress as before. This can make athletes more susceptible to injuries such as strains, sprains, and tears. Additionally, the loss of muscle mass can lead to changes in joint mechanics, which can also increase the risk of injury [3].
Impaired performance
Athletes who experience skeletal muscle hypotrophy may also experience impaired performance. With decreased muscle mass and strength, athletes may not be able to perform the same movements with the same speed, power, or precision as before. This can affect their overall performance and may impact their ability to compete at the same level as before [4,5].
Psychological effects
Skeletal muscle hypotrophy can also have psychological effects on athletes. Athletes may feel frustrated or disappointed with their decreased performance, which can lead to anxiety or depression. Additionally, they may feel a loss of identity if their sport was a significant part of their life before the muscle loss. It is essential to address these psychological effects to support the athlete's mental health during their recovery [6].
Rehabilitation and treatment
Rehabilitation and treatment of skeletal muscle hypotrophy in athletes and active people focus on restoring muscle mass, strength, and endurance. Physical therapy, including resistance training and other exercises, is the primary mode of treatment for skeletal muscle hypotrophy. Resistance training helps to stimulate muscle growth and promote muscle strength, which can help restore lost muscle mass and improve overall performance [7,8].
In some cases, other treatments may also be necessary, such as nutritional interventions or medications. Nutritional interventions may include increasing protein intake or other dietary changes that can promote muscle growth. Medications, such as anabolic steroids, may be prescribed in some cases to promote muscle growth. However, the use of anabolic steroids should only be done under medical supervision due to their potential for abuse and adverse health effects [9,10].
Conclusion
Skeletal muscle hypotrophy can have significant effects on active individuals and athletes. It can cause a loss of muscle mass and strength, increase the risk of injury, impair performance, and cause psychological effects. Rehabilitation and treatment of skeletal muscle hypotrophy focus on restoring muscle mass, strength, and endurance through physical therapy, nutritional interventions, and medications if necessary. Early recognition and treatment of skeletal muscle hypotrophy can help prevent long-term consequences and support individuals in returning to their active lifestyles.
References
- Ambrosetti M, Abreu A, Corrà U, Davos CH, Hansen D, et al. (2020) Secondary prevention through comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation: From knowledge to implementation. 2020 update. A position paper from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 30:2047487320913379.
- Rees K, Taylor RS, Singh S, Coats AJ, Ebrahim S (2004) Exercise based rehabilitation for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014:CD003331.
- Long L, Mordi IR, Bridges C, Sagar VA, Davies EJ, et al. (2019) Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD003331.
- Corrà U, Giannuzzi P, Adamopoulos S (2005) Executive summary of the position paper of the working group on cardiac rehabilitation and exercise physiology of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC): Core components of cardiac rehabilitation in chronic heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 12:321-325.
- Seferovic PM, Ponikowski P, Anker SD, Bauersachs J, Chioncel O, et al. (2019) Clinical practice update on heart failure 2019: pharmacotherapy, procedures, devices, and patient management. An expert consensus meeting report of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 21:1169-1186.
- Conraads VM, Pattyn N, de Maeyer C, Beckers PJ, Coeckelberghs E, et al. (2015) Aerobic interval training and continuous training equally improve aerobic exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease: the saintex-cad study. Int J Cardiol 179:203–210.
- Ellingsen O, Halle M, Conraads V, Støylen A, Dalen H, et al. (2017) High-intensity interval training in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Circulation 135:839–849.
- Taylor JL, Bonikowske AR, Olson TP (2021) Optimizing outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation: The importance of exercise intensity. Front Cardiovasc Med 3:734278.
- Meyer K, Samek L, Schwaibold M, Westbrook S, Hajric R, et al. (1996) Physical responses to different modes of interval exercise in patients with chronic heart failure-application to exercise training. Eur Heart J 17:1040–1047.
- Fox EL, Bartels RL, Billings CE (1973) Intensity and distance of interval training programs and changes in aerobic power. Med Sci Sports 5:18-22.
