Short Communication, J Virol Antivir Res Vol: 9 Issue: 3

Infective Agent Medical Specialty and Infective Agent Infections

Mounica Merihelan^*

Department of Microbiology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India

*Corresponding Author: Mounica Merihelan
Department of Microbiology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
E-mail: mounicamerihelan@gmail.com

Received: July 10, 2020 Accepted: November 07, 2020 Published: November 14, 2020

Citation: Mounica M (2020) Infective Agent Medical Specialty and Infective Agent Infections. J Virol Antivir Res 9:3.201. doi: 10.37532/jva.2020.9(3)201

Abstract

Keywords: Keywords: Positive-Stranded polymer, Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika

Presently, there are concerning two.5 billion folks (40% of the world's population) living in venturous areas in danger of turning into infected by dengue fever. This infection is endemic in a minimum of a hundred countries in Asia, the Pacific, America, Africa, and also the Caribbean. the globe Health Organization estimates that between fifty and a hundred new cases are reported every year. In Mexico, there have been seventeen,795 confirmed cases reported in 2016 (including dengue fever with and while not severe or vital alert symptoms), and there are 541 confirmed cases within the initial 10 weeks of 2017; out of those 541, seventy-six are from Nuevo Leon.

Up till 2013, there had been outbreaks known in continent, Asia, Europe and also the Pacific and Indian oceans. By the top of that very same year, the primary infection by native transmission in America was known within the Caribbean countries, spreading to forty-five countries all throughout the continent. In Mexico, there have been 168 registered confirmed cases throughout 2016, and eight confirmed cases up to week nine of 2017, from that only 1 case was reported in our state, Nuevo Leon

Initially known in continent throughout the 1940s-1950s with few reports of infection in humans up till recent years. within the year 2007, an epidemic was detected within the Pacific's Yap island, in Micronesia, leading to the infection of seventieth of their population in three years. Between 2013 and 2014, there have been reports of four countries within the Pacific islands wherever outbreaks of this infection were detected. By the year 2015, the arrival of the Zika virus to America was confirmed by the Brazilian Health Ministry. This diode to a dissemination throughout the complete continent and was joined to a rise within the variety of new-born with microcephalia, furthermore as a rise in cases of Guillian-Barré syndrome. In Mexico, there ar 8033 confirmed cases of ZIKV, and 40,607 confirmed autochthonous ZIKV cases in pregnant ladies between 2015 and 2016. throughout the year 2017, by epidemiologic week nine, there are ninety-four confirmed cases reported, and forty-three confirmed autochthonous ZIKV cases in pregnant ladies, half-dozen of that ar in Nuevo Leon

The DENV virus contains one positive-stranded polymer. For the incorporation of the virions to the cells to occur, the interaction of the first compound protein (E) with the receptors on the cellular surface is critical; these embrace heparan salt or lectins (DC SIGN and GLEC5A). Moreover, they will conjointly bind to immunoglobin-type surface receptors within the presence of antibodies against glycoprotein-E or membrane precursor supermolecule (pre-M). when the fusion of the infective agent and cell membranes through acidified endocytic vesicles, the infective agent polymer enters the protoplasm on the opposite infective agent proteins. Non-structural NS5 proteins ar the enzyme of polymer dependent of polymer, which inserts infective agent proteins furthermore as cell proteins to make the replication complicated, transcribing infective agent polymer to provide the polymer model, starting the replication of infective agent genetic material. The DENV virus enters the organism through a insect bite, infecting the Langerhans cells and fibroblasts. The pathology starts 3 days when the vector bite, is detectable 6–18 hours before the onset of the signs and symptoms, and concludes at the instant of resolution the fever. The immunologic response of the organism to the virus is complicated, with elevated levels of antiviral (IFN) α and β, that are a part of the type-I IFN cluster tributary to the elimination of infective agent particles. However, infective agent proteins are capable of inhibiting the assembly of interferons furthermore because the infected cells’ antiviral operates. The protein answer is principally directed at specific determinants of every serotype, from these, the first targets are supermolecule E, membrane precursor supermolecule (pre-M) and NS1 supermolecule. once there's a primary infection with one in all the four serotypes of the DENV virus, it'll usually give semipermanent immunity to infections with viruses of a similar serotype. yet, it doesn't work for a pestilence of a special serotype, which can end in a secondary infection.