Perspective, Arch Med Biotechnol Vol: 3 Issue: 4
Why are all Immunogen Antigen, However all Antigen Not Immunogen?
Sirichai Adisakwattana*
Department of Medical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
*Corresponding Author: Sirichai Adisakwattana, Department of Medical Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Email: Sirichai.@chula.ac.th
Received date: 14 March, 2022, Manuscript No. AMB-22-57078;
Editor assigned date: 17 March, 2022, PreQC No. AMB-22-57078 (PQ);
Reviewed date: 28 March, 2022, QC No. AMB-22-57078;
Revised date: 13 May, 2022, Manuscript No. AMB-22-57078 (R);
Published date: 20 May, 2022, DOI: 10.4172/AMB.1000032
Citation: Adisakwattana S (2022) Why are all Immunogen Antigen, However all Antigen Not Immunogen?. Arch Med Biotechnol 3:4.
Introduction
Immunogen: An immunogen refers to a selected sort of antigen. Immunogen possesses the ability to elicit an immune response upon binding to the antibody. Normally, antigens which can be underneath 20 kDa (~2 hundred amino acids) will not be immunogenic [1]. They should be introduced to a peptide chain to be identified by T cells and thereby elicit an immune response. All immunogens are antigenic. Poison ivy is identified inside the human frame as a foreign molecule. Its miles antigenic. But because of the dimensions, it isn't identified by way of T cells, so antigens are not produced in opposition to the poison ivy. Ergo, it does not initiate an immune response, it isn't immunogenic [2]. It is made immunogenic with the aid of binding to a peptide chain (referred to as the happen service effect), which T-cells do recognize and reason an immune response against it. Poison ivy has come to be immunogenic. An Immunogen is something which could engender an immune response from the immune gadget [3]. It can then react with the goods of the immune reaction (including antibodies).
Antigens: Antigens (Antibody mills) are in quick, any material that can bind to antibodies. Antibodies are (in humans besides) Y-shaped molecules that assist to facilitate the destruction (by phagocytosis or exocytosis think swallowing or spitting) or overseas and generally negative organisms or chemicals which include toxins and poisons [4]. Antigens may also or may not provoke an immune response. Self-antigens, including those on purple blood cells (your blood type) do not usually elicit an immune reaction. An antigen is something that can react with the products of an immune reaction. It can or may not be able to engendering an immune reaction. Which means that all immunogens are antigens, however all antigens aren't immunogens. Antigens which can be less than 20 kilo Daltons in atomic mass (normally proteins which are about 200 amino acids long or less) can’t trigger an immune reaction on their very own. But, they're flawlessly capable of reacting with precise antibodies [5,6]. Such materials, known as haptens, are antigenic, however are not immunogenic. Haptens can integrate with other (larger) proteins. Those large proteins are referred to as vendors. The hapten-carrier complicated is immunogenic. Antibodies are formed towards the hapten in this manner (see photograph beneath). Those antibodies can then react with the hapten without the service molecule as well.
Description
Immunogenicity depends on a few factors
Foreignness: The antigen should be recognized as foreign molecule by way of a frame's gadget. The diploma of its immunogenicity (sturdy or weak) depends on its foreignness. Which means extra the phylogenetic distance between two species, more the structural difference? For instance, BSA isn't immunogenic in cow however strongly immunogenic when injected into rabbit. Also, it's going to showcase greater immunogenicity in chickens than in a goat, that is greater carefully related to bovines. The most energetic immunogens have mol weight of 100000 daltons. Compounds of 5000-ten thousand Daltons are poor immunogens [7].
Chemical composition: synthetic homopolymers of unmarried amino acids or sugars are non-immunogenic regardless there length. The heterogeneity and chemical complexity correlates without delay with the immunogenicity. Different elements like the ability of a foreign object to be degraded and presented by way of the MHC complicated also comes to a decision its immunogenicity. D-Amino acids are not degraded (processed) so they're terrible immunogens. Amongst many houses that an antigen possesses, immunogenicity is one. In simple terms, it's far the assets which let it produce an immune response in the frame [8]. What makes it achieve this has a long bizarre technology course solution. In case you want to recognize which you want to have a basic understanding of Immunology. Thinking about this platform as for simple know-how, I’m answering it for someone non immunology heritage. An antigen is a substance which causes the response. An antibody is generated against it. Antibodies additionally participate in the response [9]. Collectively they make the antigen antibody reaction. An antigen can be a substance out of doors the body, overseas to our frame. Like pollens, a few meals substance and many others. But a large amount of materials in our own body can also be antigens. They may be self-antigens, which in ordinary condition do no longer begin the reaction. Frame tries its best to no longer allow self-substances come to be antigenic. Now this antigen has some matters on its surface referred to as epitopes [10]. Those are the actual components which might be answerable for its immunogenicity. Structural variations in those epitopes generate differing types and ranges and severity of immune response to special antigens. Something very comparable this is there among pals (antigens) vs. best friend (immumogen). You (antibodies/T-cells) cling out and bond with all of your buddies; however you experience a sure form of emotional response (or immune reaction in different case) best while you cling out and bond with great buddies. And, despite the fact that many humans have functions to turn out to be your buddy not everyone is right sufficient to be nice pal.
Conclusion
The purpose this takes place is because immune system can’t afford to be cynical and cross craxy on each damn molecule it sees. Like consider it, what in case your blood serum proteins triggered an immune response in you (you'll have autoimmune disorder). So even though your serum proteins are antigens-absolutely capable of generating an immune response in another species and in some other people if no longer all. Its miles like being friends together with your cousin. You bond with it however you realize she besides near you and as a result higher to look for great pal someplace else. While your cousin will have a first-class friend in some other own family. And in case you were a T cellular, you need to determine whether or not antigen is Immunogen or now not via searching at MHC molecules on other cells. It’s miles swiping trough tinder, or stalking random humans on FB. You see a family member or a colleague, you ignore. You push aside those you don’t locate thrilling or unimportant. you also forget about certain varieties of creeps that you have been taught to ignore, and then you definitely swipe proper or ship buddy request to someone of hobby, you communicate to them, you make a decision if this could be just a person you already know, a friend, high-quality buddy, boy/woman buddy etc. For T cell too the whole thing it's going to see, bind but ignore is antigen however not an Immunogen till it creates enough immune response.
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