Ultrasound in female infertility: 2D and CD
Kuldeep Singh
Dr Kuldeep ’ s Ultrasound and Color Doppler Clinic, India
: Androl Gynecol: Curr Res
Abstract
In today’s world one cannot think of female infertility practice without ultrasound. First modality of choice for investigation is undoubtedly ultrasound. More so as it is readily available, relatively inexpensive and radiation free. After a detailed history one can go ahead with an ultrasound scan in the first visit itself to rule out any major abnormality of the uterus, tubes and ovaries. Transabdominal and transvaginal scanning to begin with and further follow up by TVS tells us regarding the status of changes in the endometrium and ovaries during different phases of the cycle. Baseline scan to assess ovarian reserve and rescanning with follicular monitoring for timing of HCG helps in increases chances of an infertile couple to get pregnant. Various pathologies can be assessed and detected by high resolution ultrasound. One needs to be aware of what to look for and this paper is going to serve that purpose. 2D ultrasound tells us more about the anatomy and color Doppler, power angio and spectral Doppler depict the perfusion status which indirectly correlates with the hormonal milieu. Thin linear endometrium to triple layered to pre or peri-ovulatory to an echogenic luteal endometrium and antral follicles to mature follicles and impending ovulation to confirming ovulation and finally corpus luteum formation is seen on ultrasound scan.
Recent Publications:
1. Andreotti R E, Thompson G H, Janowitz W, Shapiro A G and Zusmer N R (1989) Endovaginal and transabdominal sonography of ovarian follicles. J Ultrasound. 8(10):555-60.
2. Fanchin R (2001) Assessing uterine receptivity in 2001: Ultrasonographic glances at the New Millennium. An N Y Acad Sci. 943:185-202.
3. M Y Chang, C H Chiang, T T Hsieh, et al. (1998) Use of the antral follicle count to predict the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. Fertil Steril, 69(3):505-10.
4. A Kurjak, S Kupesic-Urek, H Schulman, et al. (1991) Transvaginal color flow Doppler in the assessment of ovarian sand uterine blood flow in infertile women. Fertil Steril, 56(5):870-3.
5. A C Fleischer, R Romero, F A Manning, et al. (Eds.) (1991) The Principles and Practice of Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology (4th edition), Appleton & Lange, East Norwalk pp. 597-607.
Biography
Kuldeep Singh has been practicing ultrasound for over 18 years in South Delhi, India. He is known for his ultrasound skills in Anomaly Scanning, Color Doppler Scanning and High risk pregnancy evaluation. He has more than 150 lectures in various national and international conferences. He has more than 100 articles and chapters to his credit and has authored 16 books on Ultrasound in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. His books have been translated into Spanish, Chinese and Portuguese. The Imaging Science Award was honoured to him at the AICOG 2008. He has been appointed as the Associate Director of Ian-Donald Inter University School of Medical ultrasound.
