Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers, Clinical Considerations, and Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Worldwide, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a factor in a number of cancer-related deaths. Curative procedures such surgical resection, liver transplantation, and local ablation can increase a patient's chance of survival in the early stages. However, the disease is only discovered at an advanced stage, and some treatments are only local and palliative care. To increase longevity and enhance the patient's quality of life, early identification of HCC and adequate treatment are essential. The Golgi 73 protein (GP73), Glypican-3 (GPC3), Osteopontin (OPN), microRNAs, and other molecular biomarkers have thus been the subject of extensive research due to their great sensitivity and dependability. Important carcinogenic processes, such as tumor angiogenesis and development, can be controlled by microRNAs.