Cysts and Cancer: Understanding the Complex Relationship Between Benign Growths and Malignancies

Cysts are fluid-filled or semi-solid sacs that can develop in various tissues and organs of the body. While many cysts are benign, their relationship with cancer is an area of significant clinical interest. Some cysts may serve as precursors to malignant transformation, while others coexist with or mimic cancer. This article explores the intricate relationship between cysts and cancer, focusing on their classification, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and implications for patient management. By examining common examples such as ovarian cysts, pancreatic cysts, and cystic tumors of the breast and liver, this review sheds light on how cysts can play a role in cancer progression. The potential of advanced imaging, biomarkers, and minimally invasive techniques in distinguishing benign from malignant cysts is also discussed, along with future directions for research and treatment strategies.