Development of Geopolymer Concrete based on Reactivity of Fly Ashes: A Review

Concrete is the world’s most useful, durable and reliable construction material. Next to water, concrete is the most used material in the world. Ordinary Portland cement production is the second only to the vehicles as major source for generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, which not only pollutes the atmosphere but gradually increases the temperature of Earth. The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and energy requirement in the production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) causes the continuous depletion of ozone layer and global warming problem. Additional huge amount of energy is also consumed for production of the cement. So, it is necessary to find out an alternative material source since limestone is the major source for the production of Portland cement there may be acute shortage of limestone in next 25 to 50 years. The introduction of Geopolymer concrete (GPC) technology in the construction industry leads to sustainable development and cleaner environment by reducing environmental pollution. Geopolymer concrete is an innovative construction material which shall be produced by the natural process of inorganic molecules and have advantageous benefit of longer service life, low carbon emission, recycled industrial waste, durable properties, and high strength.