Ewing Sarcoma: Review of Recent Advances and Directions

Ewing Sarcoma (EwS) represents a formidable challenge in the realm of pediatric and adolescent oncology. This review article provides a comprehensive exploration of EwS, encompassing its epidemiological insights, intricate molecular underpinnings, diverse clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, evolving treatment strategies, and pivotal prognostic markers. EwS is characterized by the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion oncogene, which drives tumorigenesis, yet the disease's heterogeneity calls for precision medicine approaches. Multidisciplinary collaboration is fundamental, and we delve into the complexities of local control interventions, including surgery and radiotherapy. Additionally, we scrutinize maintenance therapies and the evolving landscape of prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. The emergence of precision-targeted therapies and immunomodulatory interventions offers hope, emphasizing the need for ongoing research. This review provides a holistic perspective on EwS, fostering a deeper comprehension of this malignancy and underscoring the urgency of further research