Rizk B Author
Subjects of specialization
Affiliation
Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Urology, Physiotherapy, Public Health
Professor and Head, Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of South Alabama, USA
Rizk B works as the Professor and Head Faculty of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility in the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at University of South Alabama and is interested in the fields of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Urology, Physiotherapy,women health and Public Health
Review Article Open Access
Author(s): Ellington JE, Rizk B and Criso S
Vaginal delivery during childbirth is associated with perineal trauma and damage in most women. Perineal damage during delivery can have significant long-term consequences for women, including decreased quality of birthing experience, persistent postpartum perineal pain and sexual dysfunction, as well as pelvic floor pathology. Many women fear such perineal trauma. In fact, obstetrical perineal damage and its long term consequences are some of the greatest concerns of patients. Even though evidencebased outcomes show antenatal perineal massage (APM) is an effective tool to reduce perineal trauma at childbirth, education of pregnant women about and subsequent application of the intervention remains low. This review details the potential physical
and psychological benefits of APM for... view more»