Analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with coronavirus disease

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Alina Liepinaitiene, Audrius Dedele & Alma Gaupsiene

Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania.

: J Womens Health, Issues Care

Abstract

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Introduction: Atypical pneumonia, also known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spread very widely around the world as recently as last year (Khan et al., 2020). Most research is conducted in the general population, so there is still a significant lack of research on the impact of COVID-19 on maternal and child health and pregnancy outcomes (Govind et al., 2020). However, research data shows that the coronavirus disease is dangerous not only for the elderly, but also for pregnant women and newborns (Khan ir kt., 2020; Liu ir kt., 2020; Schwartz, 2020). Objective: to analyze the pregnancy outcomes of women who have had the coronavirus disease. Tasks: 1. To analyze the way of childbirth and possible complications of childbirth among women who have had coronavirus disease. 2. To analyze the possibilities of transmission of the disease to the newborn during birth from women who have had the coronavirus disease. Methodology: The analysis of scientific research was carried out using the open access databases. A search was carried out for sources that have been published since 2019. December to 2021 March. The search strategy was formed in the PubMed database using the keywords: COVID-19, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes. After the search, 179 scientific studies were found, of which 22 articles that most clearly reflect the analyzed topic were used for further analysis. Summarization and analysis of scientific research results should be carried out using the method of systematic analysis. Results: A very limited amount of scientific research has so far been conducted on the coronavirus disease during pregnancy, so many questions related to the course of this disease and its impact on pregnant women and mothers remain unanswered. However, research shows that in women with coronavirus disease during pregnancy, fetal growth retardation and associated premature delivery are 1.3 times more likely, cytomegalovirus infection is 1.7 times more likely, and premature delivery is 3 times more likely due to premature leakage amniotic fluid, and due to the worsening condition of the woman and the fetus during childbirth, the probability of cesarean section increases up to 2.5 times. It has been established that a pregnant woman with a coronavirus infection during childbirth almost always transmits the virus to her newborn (this is called intrauterine transmission). Studies have shown that 1 out of 3 women who get a coronavirus infection during pregnancy remain carriers of the virus up to 14 weeks after becoming ill. Statistics show that when a pregnant woman gets a coronavirus infection between 28 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, 1 in 5 fetuses die in utero as a result of fetomaternal transfusion. Research has not determined the impact of the coronavirus disease in pregnant women on the way of delivery, except in cases where women undergo an emergency caesarean section due to complications of the disease. Conclusions: 1. Pregnant women with coronavirus infection are more likely to give birth prematurely, more often the pregnancy is terminated by caesarean section. The occurrence of infection in the second trimester of pregnancy can lead to the death of the fetus. 2. A woman with a coronavirus infection can transmit the virus to her newborn during childbirth. Key words: COVID-19, pregnancy outcome, delivery.

Biography

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Dr. Alina Liepinaitiene is a faculty of Natural Sciences in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania. She also serves as a midwife gynecologist at the Republican Siauliai County Hospital, Siauliai, Lithuania.