The study of topographic changes of the middle levels of the atmosphere and its effect on the heat increase in the Middle East

<p>Nader Parvin</p>

doi:10 .4172/2327-4581.1000411

The study of topographic changes of the middle levels of the atmosphere and its effect on the heat increase in the Middle East

Nader Parvin

Payame Noor University, Iran

: Expert Opin Environ Biol

Abstract

The Middle East region being located in the world's dry belt is among the vast and strategic parts of the world, whose water resources, agriculture and vegetation are gradually deteriorating. Since most environmental characteristics are directly or indirectly explained in relation to topographic changes of atmospheric pressure levels (500 HPa), the study of the main causes of climate change in the Middle East region is of particular importance. For this purpose, first, the altitude data of contour 500 hpa of the atmosphere and the temperatures of Jan’ and Feb’ for the past half-century (1968-2017) for a range of studies with dimensions of 25-77.5 degrees longitude and of 10-45 degrees latitude were taken and summarized from the NCEP/NCAR. Using factor analysis and clustering, homogeneous regions were identified. The temperature trend and the significance test of its changes were performed using the Mann-Kendall statistical and graphic method. Using the correlation and multiple regressions, the equation governing the status of the process of temperature changes in each of the Middle East countries was calculated and analysed. Eventually, Using GIS, the results of climate change were prepared and analysed in form of illustrative maps.The results of the study showed that over the past half century, both the Western wind wave has been displaced by 2.5 degrees to higher geographic latitudes and the frequency and the trough axis of the western winds ridge affecting the Middle East region have changed. Following these changes, isothermal lines of all Middle Eastern countries rose by 1.5 to 2.5 centigrade during the winter rainfall. From South to North-east of the region, the isothermal lines have moved from 250 to 150 km to higher latitudes respectively. The most significant increase in temperature was in Feb’, and in Southern Iran, Iraq and Syria, temperatures have risen more than other regions.