Bioinformatics Advanced Tools to Study Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and their Natural Products

Antibiotics resistant bacteria are major health threats due to their rapidly growing number worldwide. Bacterial resistant genes are carried on plasmids, chromosomes, and transposons are transferred to non-resistant bacteria through horizontal genes transfer method and by integrons. Therefore, necessary strategies are required to control resistant bacteria spread, one strategy is developing new antibiotics as WHO announced, there is a need for 10 new drugs a decade to control resistant bacterial infection. However, the drug discovery approach is costly, and it requires long years of following research which slowed the process of drugs discovered in the last years. But the recent advances in gene sequencing technology have aided in searching for new drug candidates among bacteria and yet in the human microbiomes. In this review, a variety of bioinformatic tools are displayed in categories depending on their jobs to identify resistant genes and their target proteins, beside another set of tools to identify natural products among bacteria, furthermore, a new pipeline and workflow have been developed that will ease the research process for new drugs discovery.