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Hindi Development of an engineered face mask with optimized nanoparticle layering for filtration of air pollutants and viral pathogens
Ishika Nag
University of Florida, USA
: J Nanomater Mol Nanotechnol
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks have become a critical part of the personal protective equipment for front-line workers and the public, resulting in an acute shortage of effective and affordable masks. Recent studies also indicate a strong correlation between ambient air pollution and COVID-19 cases. Air pollution from particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5) is a significant contributor to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This project’s goals are to develop an engineered face mask with an optimized layering of nanoparticles to filter PM 2.5 and viral pathogens. Furthermore, the objective is to develop a cost-effective solution for face masks that are reusable and clinically safe. The nanoparticles were selected based on their filtration, virucidal and non-toxic properties. Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) was tested with PM 2.5 from incense sticks measured by laser particle detectors. Virus Filtration Efficiency (VFE) was tested using nebulized NaCl particles as a virus surrogate. PFE improved by ≈100% and VFE improved by ≈140% with dual-layer nanoparticle coatings. The nanoparticle retention efficacy, improved by ≈70% with the dual-layer coating, was well within the permissible exposure limits per OSHA standards. The filtration efficiency was independent of the source and levels of PM 2.5, demonstrating versatility. An accelerated durability test demonstrated ≈95% effectiveness maintained over 4 equivalent days of wear. PFE for engineered masks, with dual-layer nanoparticle coatings, initially declined but was restored by recharging the mask. Breathability, measured by pressure-drop, was unaffected by the nanoparticle coatings. This rechargeable and multi-purpose mask can be effective in polluted cities, in fire-prone areas and can protect people against the deadly effects of viruses in a cost-effective way.
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